对山西中型城市不同年龄群体体育锻炼状况研究

以山西省中型城市不同年龄群体参加体育锻炼的行为为研究对象，全面分析了不同年龄群体参加体育锻炼的目的与动机、活动频率、锻炼时间、项目选择、锻炼方法来源等现状。研究结果显示：不同年龄群体参加体育锻炼的主要目的、内容不存在差异；但锻炼人数比例、锻炼的稳定性方面60岁以上人群比例高于其它人群；锻炼方法的来源主要是与个人兴趣有关，方法来源与受教育的程度有关。指出：改变中型城市居民的体育锻炼的状况，应加大科学健身的宣传力度，改善城市体育设施，积极科学地推广体育健身方法与手段等。     

宁波市鄞州区农村居民体育锻炼现状调研

采用问卷调查、文献资料调研、数理统计等方法,对鄞州区农村居民体育锻炼和健康现状进行了调研,全面分析了不同年龄群体参加体育锻炼的目的与动机、活动频率、锻炼时间、项目选择、锻炼场所以及鄞州区群众体育开展等现状,提出鄞州区群众体育发展对策与措施,为体育强区的群众体育进一步发展提供借鉴与参考。     

北京市(城区)特殊群体参加体育活动调查

本文对北京市城区特殊群体体育活动现状进行了调查研究.研究结果显示:大多数被调查特殊群体认识到经常从事体育锻炼的重要性,但参与率仅为39%,参加体育活动的周频率为1～2次,活动时间为30～-60分钟或少于30分钟,其体育锻炼知识比较贫乏,且缺乏科学指导,主要依靠相关专业书籍来指导,其活动内容主要为跑步、长走,其锻炼场所主要为公园、空地和自家庭院,其参加体育锻炼的主要目的是健身和调整情绪.     

和谐社会对社区体育文化健身需求影响的研究

以辽宁大连市沙河口区社区不同年龄人群参加体育健身的行为为研究对象,以社会学、文化学理论为基础,论述社区体育文化的内涵及其健身需求,全面分析不同年龄人群参加体育锻炼的目的与动机、锻炼时间、项目选择、锻炼方法等现状,进而提出现阶段在社区体育文化健身需求建设的进程中所面临的问题与解决方案。     

甘肃省城镇居民体育行为调查与分析研究

通过对甘肃省城镇居民体育行为的调查,结果表明:城镇居民具有较强的体育意识和行为,参与体育活动的频度较高,锻炼时间较长;体育锻炼的主要目的是防病治病,提高运动能力,减轻工作和生活压力、调节情绪;喜爱参加的运动项目是步行、健身操(舞)和秧歌、跑步、球类运动;影响其参加体育活动的主要因素是工作和家务忙,缺少活动场地。不同年龄、性别人群在体育活动的频度、时间、项目、健身目的等方面具有异同性。     

珠江三角洲群众体育社会需求特点的研究

主要采用文献资料研究等方法。通过研究得出以下主要结果珠江三角洲体育的消费比重逐渐上升;人们在消费上主要选择了文化消费和体育消费,闲暇时间中主要强调它的娱乐、享受性;影响干部职工、居民、农民类群体时间分配的主要因子是看电视、文娱时间和工作时间、家务劳动时间。珠江三角洲人们在体育锻炼的项目选择上表现出多样性,体育锻炼地点的广泛性,以及体育锻炼形式的双轨方式;珠江三角洲人们参加体育锻炼的动因主要是爱好与习惯、同伴影响、身体疾病需要锻炼等。     

湖南省高知人群的体育意识及锻炼现状

对湖南省高知人群的体育意识和锻炼现状进行调查与研究.结果表明:目前湖南省高知人群的体育意识比较淡薄,体育人口数量偏低;锻炼内容多元化,锻炼场所以体育场馆、公园为主,锻炼时间以早、晚为主,锻炼形式以个人与自发小团体为主;体育消费投入较少.影响体育锻炼的主要因素是没有时间、缺少场地.针对结果提出了相应的对策与建议.     

对西安市主要弱势群体体育锻炼现状调查

通过研究西安市弱势群体参加体育锻炼的现状，分析弱势群体参加体育活动的频率、锻炼时间、项目选择、目的与动机以及在享有生活保障体系前后参加体育锻炼的情况等，并与西安市居民对比，分析其对待生活的态度和心理状态等情况，为有关部门及时掌握弱势群体的情况提供一定的依据。研究方法：文献资料调研、入户问卷调查、数理统计法等。结果和结论：西安市弱势群体参加体育锻炼的现状令人担忧，与西安市居民参加体育锻炼的行为及体育人口等方面有较大的差距，但在享有生活保障体系后参加体育锻炼的比例明显高于之前；充裕的时间是参加体育锻炼非常重要的一个必要条件；同时，社区应该加强对弱势群体体育活动的组织与开展。     

河北省40～59岁普通居民体育锻炼现状调查与分析

本文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法和数理统计法,对河北省2400名40～59岁普通居民的体育锻炼现状进行调查分析(现场发放问卷2400份,回收2400份,回收率100%,剔除无效问卷23份,问卷的有效率为99.04%),了解这一群体体育锻炼的参与程度、锻炼目的、健身项目和场所的选择以及锻炼时间等方面的情况,分析其影响因素,并提出相应对策。文章提供了以下调查数据:1.每周参加一次以上体育活动人数我国判定体育人口的标准为:每周身体活动频度3次以上;每次身体活动30min以上;每次身体活动强度中等以上。统计显示,40～59岁成年人每周参加1次以上有益健康的体育…     

对辽宁省高校教师余暇体育行为的调研

运用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等研究方法，对辽宁省高校教师的余暇体育行为进行调研。结果表明：辽宁省高校教师余暇体育锻炼的目的是以健身防病、娱乐身心为主选；时间紧张是影响参与余暇体育锻炼的首要因素；体育锻炼内容的选择呈多元化，并男女有别；参加锻炼的形式为个人锻炼、与家人锻炼、参加单位活动等；辽宁省高校教师的体育人口水平偏低。     

Predictors of aggressive tendencies in girls' basketball: an examination of beginning and advanced participants in a summer skills camp

This study was designed to extend previous research on aggressive tendencies and moral atmosphere in two ways: (a) to include participants of two skill levels in a summer youth basketball skill camp and (b) to examine the influence of the coach on participants' aggressive tendencies. The participants were 136 youth from either a beginning (n = 89) or an advanced sport camp (n = 47). Results indicated that primary predictors of aggressive tendencies for both skill levels included participants' perception of their teammates' behavior in the same situation and their willingness to injure others if their coach requested. These findings are consistent with previous research establishing team norm as a significant predictor for self-described aggressive tendencies in a sport situation.     

Correlates of Sport Participation among Adolescent Girls

Abstract

Most research on the correlates of sport involvement has utilized male samples. The present study focuses on a sample of high school girl gymnasts, basketball players, track participants, and a control group of nonathletes. The correlates of participation investigated include familial factors, peers, teachers and coaches' encouragement to participate in sports, and the social psychological variables of perceived femininity, self-reported athletic ability, and body image. The findings indicate that socialization into sport begins in childhood and continues into high school with considerable encouragement from significant others. The basketball players reported somewhat less encouragement and tend to see themselves as less feminine than the other athletes. Athletes had higher self-perceptions of athletic ability than the nonathletes. The athletes' perceptions of their body image were generally more positive than the nonathletes. This latter finding suggests a reduction of stigma formerly associated with female involvement in sport.     

Introduction to the special issue on motivational climate in sport and physical education

This issue of the European Journal of Sport Science is dedicated to six investigations of motivational climate in sport and physical education. The combined results of these articles underscore the facilitative value of significant others in developing achievement motivation among sport and physical education participants. Moreover, the research supports the argument that task-involved climates - where effort, learning, and self-referential goal achievement are promoted - produce more adaptive motivational climates than do ego-involved climates, where winning and social comparisons of ability are advocated.     

Using qualitative methodology to better understand why females experience barriers to regular participation in adventure sport in Scotland

Abstract

Since the emergence of the ‘experience economy’, the adventure sport industry in Scotland has enjoyed significant economic growth. Participant increase has been predominately male, and although female participant numbers have increased also, there is little to indicate narrowing of inequality. The established debate about strength, risk perception, and family choices for females is ongoing. However, studies specifically focusing on deeper, lived experiences of female participants are in the emergent phases, with little documented on how these unexplored factors might inform the debate. Taking a qualitative approach, this study explores motivations and barriers for female participants, identifies issues, and offers suggestions that could address these. An auto-ethnographic methodology was implemented using the researchers own experiences of participating with male and female participants, and interviews were conducted with female participants. Five key themes were identified: i) participation cost; ii) lack of reliable information; iii) support of others; iv) general perception that adventure sport is largely unachievable; and, v) the importance of being part of the adventure sport community. Overlap between themes was observed and noted.     

Life skills development through sport: current status and future directions

This review is designed to summarize and critique current life skills through sport research. In particular, life skills are defined, the conditions needed to examine life skills development are explored, and the possible theoretical explanations of how, when, under what conditions and why life skills develop in sport participants are discussed. A heuristic model of coaching life skills is offered. To conclude, future research directions are forwarded and include the need for: (a) quantitative and qualitative research; (b) the development of valid life skills through sport measures; (c) an examination of sport program type differences; (d) evaluation research; (e) longitudinal studies; (f) studies focusing on identifying theoretical explanations for the life skill development sport participation link; (g) the utilization of experimental designs; and (h) an examination of the transferability of life skills. The importance of conducting this type of research for both theoretical and practical reasons is emphasized.     

太原市中学教师双休日参加体育活动情况的调查分析

文章运用问卷调查、文献资料和数理统计等研究方法，对太原市中学教师双休日体育活动情况进行了调研。结果显示教师参加体育活动的动机是多层次的；活动内容以健行或慢跑、羽毛球等休闲项目为首要的选择；活动的时段多选择在双休日的早晨和下午；活动的组织形式大部分为家庭、朋友；工作负担重，生活压力大，运动场地不足，组织形式单一是影响教师参加双休日体育活动的主要因素。     

Building social capital from sport event participation: An exploration of the social impacts of participatory sport events on the community

Participatory sport events have the potential to generate substantial social value in the local community. One important social benefit of such sport events is the development of social capital. However, little is known about the development and outcomes of social capital in the context of participatory sport events, such as running events. Taking a qualitative approach, the authors explored the social capital building among active participants in running events. The findings revealed that bonding capital is developed by all participants in the study while the bridging and linking capital varies by event type and involvement level. Moreover, four positive outcomes of social capital were identified: supportive attitude and behaviors, positive influence on others, prosocial behaviors, and increased everyday socializations. By generating these positive outcomes among the participants of this study, social capital has the potential to contribute to the community development and well-being. This study provides insights as to how social capital that stems from sport event participation can lead to the development of community in the long term. Suggestions are made for future research to test the relationships between social capital, its outcomes, and community development and well-being.     

乒乓球运动在太原市社区发展现状与对策研究

文章运用文献资料,问卷调查、数理分析等方法,对乒乓球运动在太原市社区发展现状进行调查.研究结果表明,乒乓球运动太原市社区中群众基础好,但参与人群表现出一定的性别、年龄和职业特征;参与乒乓球运动的社区居民时间投入比较合理,但资金投入水平总体较低,随着收入的提高,居民的资金投入结构呈平衡发展态势;虽然社区居民在参与形式和参与动机上呈多元化发展,但设施、时间和专业指导人员的缺乏依然是制约居民积极参与乒乓球运动的主要因素.本文建议:科学建立社区乒乓球服务管理网络,发挥积极分子骨干和管理作用,整合优势资源,打造基层赛事,实现自下而上的自我服务、自我管理、健康发展的社区体育新模式.     

Teaching for transformative educational experience in a sport for development program

Despite the assumption that Sport for Development and Peace programs can foster social change, many fail to provide intentional educational experiences. This limits the attainment and sustainability of positive outcomes for participants and communities. The literature calls for such programs to use sport as an educational tool that shifts power to participants in a way that is responsive and respectful to the local context. In this article, we present findings from a program designed to promote youth development and social change through youth sport in a Central American nation. The teaching personal and social responsibility (TPSR) model provides the instructional framework for this program and local coach training was guided by the principles of critical pedagogy. Participants were eight youth sport coaches who became local trainers in the program. Data sources include interviews, observations and artifacts. Participants appeared to have meaningful educational experiences characterized by the following themes: reframing the coach's role; personal reflection; developing a critical perspective; and increasing feelings of agency. Findings indicate that in this program, TPSR was a relevant instructional framework that combined effectively with the principles of critical pedagogy to foster transformative learning among the participants.