成都黏土蠕变试验及其蠕变模型研究

以成都黏土为研究对象,通过三轴固结不排水蠕变试验,得到了不同围压下各级偏应力水平的全过程蠕变曲线和应力-应变等时曲线,探讨了成都黏土的流变特性,并建立了蠕变模型。     

生物酶改良粉土双曲线固结蠕变模型

针对生物酶改良粉土的固结蠕变特性,开展了不同生物酶掺量下粉土的一维固结蠕变试验,分析生物酶改良粉土的应变随时间的变化规律及次固结系数随固结应力的变化情况,提出了一种反映生物酶改良粉土蠕变过程应变与时间关系的双曲线蠕变模型,并分析生物酶掺量对双曲线蠕变模型相关参数的影响.结果表明:1)生物酶改良粉土的应变随时间的增加而增...     

孔隙水压力作用下岩石蠕变及损伤特性实验

采用RLW-2000M煤岩流变仪,以细粒砂岩为研究对象,进行孔隙水压力作用下岩石三轴压缩蠕变试验,并研究其蠕变及损伤特性,重点分析不同轴向应力时蠕变条件下岩石的体应变(应变速率)和等效孔隙体积(体积速率)演化曲线,同时对其孔隙率的损伤变量演化规律进行分析.试验结果表明:利用孔压水体积揭示了蠕变过程孔隙率演化规律且符合蠕变三阶段规律;利用Rabotnov模型蠕变损伤演化方程的损伤变量,对比宏观标量(蠕变时间)和细观标量(孔隙率)的损伤变量演化规律,克服传统的蠕变损伤定量分析的缺陷,弥补传统蠕变试验研究的不足.     

渗流水压力分级加载岩石蠕变模型

采用RLW-2000M微机控制煤岩流变仪,以细粒砂岩为研究对象,对三轴压缩条件下岩石孔隙水压力分级加载蠕变试验进行了蠕变特性及模型研究.重点分析了孔隙水压力分级加载时蠕变条件下岩石的应变、渗流体积演化曲线,同时对不同渗流水压力分级加载条件下的岩石蠕变演化曲线进行了模型分析和对比.试验结果表明,逐级加载孔隙水压作用下细粒砂岩的蠕变曲线符合蠕变演化三阶段特征;利用西原体模型进行理论与实验蠕变曲线对比,蠕变方程曲线与实验曲线的演化规律吻合.     

用余震序列估算震源地壳的黏度

通过岩石蠕变实验,得到用标准线性固体本构方程拟合蠕变曲线比较合理的结论。对溧阳、南黄海地震的数据处理,发现应变释放曲线和蠕变曲线有相似之处,进而用标准线性固体来拟合应变释放曲线,求得弛豫时间和有关参数,计算出了地壳岩石介质的黏度为1018Pa · s。考虑到地区差异以及岩石圈黏度存在有明显的分层,而所用的地震震源深度又相对较浅,但得到的黏度数量级还是和有关文献相一致的。     

考虑塑性效应的岩石蠕变Maxwall模型的改进

岩石蠕变是工程中常见的问题,蠕变岩体往往具有粘性、弹性、塑性三大基本特性,文章对现有岩石蠕变模式进行了改进,即根据前人的实验结果,在Maxwall模型基础上对虎克体、牛顿体、圣文南体三种基本元件进行合理重组,并运用基本微分方程演绎新模型下蠕变本构方程。将得到的方程拟合曲线与前人试验数据进行比较,结果表明改进的模型能够反映软弱岩石的粘弹特性。     

八种典型岩石力学流变组合模型的教学研究

岩石流变模型的学习和研究不仅在教学研究中具有重要意义,而且在工程应用中也具有指导意义.对岩石流变模型进行分析,发现岩石流变模型本构方程和蠕变方程的推导过程以及八种典型的岩石力学模型、本构方程、蠕变曲线、松弛曲线及其特性,了解各个流变模型所适用的范围,并通过对八种岩石流变模型比较,加深对岩石流变模型的认识和了解。     

新型恒应力蠕变试验机装置研制及应用

基于原有蠕变试验机在实际测量过程中实验误差较大,不能实现恒应力加载,对其进行了改进,设计了一种新型恒应力蠕变试验机。对新型恒应力蠕变试验机加载力臂的结构进行了理论计算推导,分析了加载力臂设计的可靠性,并用该试验机测试了GH4169合金的蠕变曲线。结果表明,新型恒应力蠕变试验机可以保持蠕变试样始终受到恒定应力,能实现更精确地测量金属材料的蠕变性能的目的。     

一种基于瞬时蠕变效应的棘轮行为研究

针对316L不锈钢进行了大量的单轴棘轮和蠕变试验,建立了描述该材料单轴短时蠕变演化模型。根据已有的棘轮效应研究结论,该材料的蠕变变形的多项特征与棘轮变形规律一致。提出了棘轮效应和蠕变变形机理一致的假设,认为棘轮变形实质上是材料在应力循环中的瞬时蠕变变形累积所致,在此基础上进一步推导出一套棘轮变形的蠕变算法以计算材料的棘轮变形,取得了较好的预测结果,证实该假设在一定条件下成立。     

PdSi合金与金属Cr膜压痕蠕变研究

蠕变变形是薄膜和微机电系统应用中普遍存在的可靠性问题,因此有必要考察薄膜材料和小体积材料的蠕变行为。采用深度敏感纳米压痕方法对单晶PdSi合金和金属Ni基体上沉积Cr膜进行了室温压痕蠕变研究,分析蠕变应力指数和蠕变机制。结果表明:随硬度减小,蠕变深度增大,在不同应变率下计算得出应力指数PdSi合金在26.3~47.1之间;金属Cr膜在4.1~22.5之间。蠕变变形机制是位错的滑动和攀移,在高应变率下保载阶段瞬时影响更显著。     

Experimental Study on Cyclic Mechanics Characteristic of Saturated Soft Clay Strata

Failure criterion of saturated soft clay is studied under cyclic loads through different experiments. A large number of cyclic torsional shear and cyclic triaxial tests on saturated soft clay under unconsolidated undrained condition are conducted. From the test result analysis, it is seen that the failure of saturated soft clay under static and cyclic loads satisfies Mises criterion. The result from different test stress states is not related to the test stress states or confining pressures. It can be applied in general stress states. Then according to the Mises criterion, the equivalent relationship on failure moment between the test stress state and the general stress state can be established. So the cyclic mechanics characteristics of saturated soft clay at failure moment are clarified in this paper. Furthermore, a theory basis is provided for using pseudo-static elasto-plastic cyclic strength model to evaluate cyclic bearing capacity.     

Dynamic properties of composite cemented clay

INTRODUCTIONSoftsoilsarewidelydistributedinChinasco-astalareas.The1985earthquakethatinflictedgreatdamagetoMexicoCitysitedonsoftsoilfounda-tionsgreatlyattractedattentionofresearchersandengineersandmovedthemtostudythedynamicpropertiesofsoftsoils.Manyresearcheshavebeendedicatedtothestudyofdynamicpropertiesofsoftsoils.InChina,deepcementmixingmethodshavebeenwidelyusedinthecoastalareas.Theme-chanicalpropertiesofthesecompositefoundationsoilsarenotthesameasthatofundisturbedsoftsoilsorotherkinds…     

Dynamic properties of composite cemented clay

In this work,the dynamic properties of composite cemented clay under a wide range of strains were studied considering the effect of different mixing ratio and the change of confining pressures through dynamic triaxial test. A simple and practical method to estimate the dynamic elastic modulus and damping ratio is proposed in this paper and a related empirical normalized formula is also presented. The results provide useful guidelines for preliminary estimation of cement requirements to improve the dynamic properties of clays.     

An efficient parameter identification procedure for soft sensitive clays

The creep and destructuration characteristics of soft clay are always coupled under loading, making it difficult for engineers to determine these related parameters. This paper proposes a simple and efficient optimization procedure to identify both creep and destructuration parameters based on low cost experiments. For this purpose, a simplex algorithm (SA) with random samplings is adopted in the optimization. Conventional undrained triaxial tests are performed on Wenzhou clay. The newly developed creep model accounting for the destructuration is enhanced by anisotropy of elasticity and adopted to simulate tests. The optimal parameters are validated first by experimental measurements, and then by simulating other tests on the same clay. Finally, the proposed procedure is successfully applied to soft Shanghai clay. The results demonstrate that the proposed optimization procedure is efficient and reliable in identifying creep and destructuration related parameters.     

多功能大尺寸真三轴储层改造实验装置的开发与应用

储层改造技术是目前实现低渗透和非常规油气藏及中深层地热资源高效开采的核心技术。为更好地满足储层改造技术的教学科研工作需求,自主设计了多功能大尺寸真三轴储层改造实验装置,创新性地实现了针对不同尺寸人造或露头岩心,不同温度、围压和孔压,不同流量的固液两相泵入,以及不同井筒完井工艺条件下的储层改造及渗流模拟实验,提供了主/被动声波结合的声发射检测、温压场和应力应变场检测及压后激光扫描测量等丰富的评价手段。该装置具备功能丰富、操作简便安全、性价比高的突出特点,有助于构建储层改造技术创新实践平台,提升教学科研水平,助推师生创新发展。     

Constitutive model of saturated soft clay with cyclic loads under unconsolidated undrained condition

An equivalent visco-elastic model of saturated soft clay was studied under unconsolidated undrained (UU) condition, which can be used to evaluate the stability of ocean foundation. Cyclic triaxial compression and extension tests were conducted to study the parameters of the model. Results showed that the relationships of the damping ratio and the octahedral shear modulus with the octahedral cyclic shear strain were nearly unique, when the initial octahedral shear stress ratios of specimens were equal to 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7. The relationships of the damping ratio and the octahedral shear modulus with the octahedral cyclic shear strain determined from the cyclic triaxial compression tests were basically the same as those determined from the cyclic triaxial extension tests. Furthermore, the relationships were not related to the initial stress condition, the test stress state and the octahedral cyclic shear stress ratio. The relationships determined from the cyclic triaxial tests under no deviatoric stress were basically the same as those determined from the cyclic triaxial tests under deviatoric stress. The change of the octahedral cyclic accumulative strain with the number of cycles was unique under different tests stress states. An equivalent visco-elastic constitutive model of saturated soft clay under UU condition was initially established.     

Experimental study on visco-elastic constitutive relationship and its parameters for geogrids

1 Introduction 1 The sheet type geogrids, which are characterized by grid structures with apertures of (10 to 100) mm between longitudinal and transverse ribs respectively are made from pre-extruded high density polyethylene sheets by punching and drawing process, and the drawing process forms the structures of grid and enhances the tensile strength of geogrids to a grea extent. Since the geogrids possess high tensile strength in nature, they are widely used as reinforcement in segmental retai…     

蚀变岩在三向应力状态下的力学及变形特性研究

实际工程中的岩体总是处于三向应力状态下,研究三向应力状态下岩体强度和变形特性,对于岩土工程的设计施工具有重要意义。此次研究以某水电站工程项目为依托,对水电站左右坝肩的蚀变岩做了大量的常规三轴压缩试验。在此基础上,经过分析处理,得出了蚀变岩的抗剪强度指标与围压的相关关系,建立了应力-应变关系曲线的分阶段本构模型。在蚀变岩的力学特性研究方面进行了有益的探索,为工程设计和稳定性分析提供了重要的技术支撑。     

一种测试不同温度下非饱和土土-水特征曲线的试验装置

研究目的：研制一种试验装置,以实现对非饱和土土-水特征曲线温度效应的有效测试。创新要点：1．研制了一种温控非饱和土三轴试验装置,包括加载系统、吸力控制系统和温度控制系统;2．利用研制的温控非饱和土三轴试验装置,对不同温度（25,40和60℃）以及不同应力（40100和200kPa）条件下的非饱和土土-水特征曲线进行了试验测定。研究方法：1．总结分析已有的温控三轴仪所采用的加热方式的优缺点,提出环向加热压力室内水体的方法;2．基于GDS非饱和土三轴仪,研制可实现温度控制功能的温控非饱和土三轴仪（图1、2）;3．开展不同温度及不同应力条件下非饱和土土水特征曲线的试验研究。重要结论：1．所研制的温控非饱和土三轴仪的实用效果得到验证;2．温度的升高将引起非饱和土持水性能的降低。     

冻结粉土的动蠕变强度

根据不同振幅动荷载的三组蠕变试验结果,比较了冻结粉土在不同动荷载作用下的蠕变变形和动蠕变强度特征,发现,当动荷载振动幅值不同时,动蠕变曲线变化规律以及动蠕变强度特征变化规律都相似,但数值上有较大差别;在相同静荷载基础上叠加不同振幅动荷载时,在整个蠕变过程中,振幅越大,变形越大。而对于卸载到零的动荷载试验来说,初始蠕变阶段和稳定蠕变阶段的变形较小,但由于蠕变速率很大,变形迅速增加,很快进入渐进流阶段,随后变形变得很大;冻土的动蠕变强度随时间有规律地衰减;动荷载的振幅越大,破坏时间越短,土体越容易发生破坏。