个人权利与政府权利对峙时的选择——德沃金的《认真对待权利》读后

文章通过对德沃金所主张的权利观的分析,再次认为个人权利的地位优于政府权利的,尤其在当今“自我权利意识”逐渐得到大家承认、重视的权利时代,更是从德翁这本书中找到了理论源头。最后,在前人的基础上提出该书在当下存在的一些理论缺陷,以供商榷。     

论弱势群体保护的法哲学依据

弱势群体保护不应仅仅从社会学角度来考察,各学科应保持其独特视角。弱势群体保护也不仅仅是基于人道主义的关怀、社会稳定以及国家的长治久安,它还有着深刻的法哲学依据。罗尔斯和德沃金的法学思想有明显的弱势群体保护的诉求,包括差别原则、平等关怀和尊重的权利等等,本文将逐一考察这些理论如何支持对弱势群体的保护。     

西方自然法学派主要权利理论解读

自然法学发展史是一部人类权利观念的发展史。自然法学派起初的权利观念更多带有“天赋”权利的色彩,人生于自然,人的权利也来自于自然。自然法学的权利观的发展分为三个阶段,并各有其特点:古代与中世纪自然法学的权利观是以正义为基础的,近代自然法学的权利观是以自由为核心的,现代自然法学的权利观是以平等为内涵的。在这里,我们以自然法学派主要代表人物的权利学说为基线,简要解析洛克、卢梭、罗尔斯和德沃金的权利理论。     

读罗纳德·德沃金的《认真对待权利》

德沃金在《认真对待权利》中尖锐地批评了美国的法律实证主义和功利主义。他认为,政府必须认真对待公民的个人权利与自由,这对处于转型期的中国有重要借鉴意义。     

法律与道德纠缠下的权利公正论——德沃金权利论的逻辑结构分析

德沃金在批判在英美社会占支配地位的法学理论:实证主义法学和功利主义法学的过程中,提出了自己的权利正义理论,坚决捍卫个人的平等权利。牢固站在个人主义的立场上,围绕道德、法律和权利三者之间的关系,运用诠释理论和原则平衡方法,把保护个人权利的思想贯彻在立法司法守法的各个环节当中。形成了以公正为宗旨,以平等关心和对待个人为核心权利,以道德权利为基础,以背景权利为论证,以制度权利为实现的权利公正体系。     

平等的资源主义分析路径的内在张力——罗纳德·德沃金的化解及其困境

平等的资源主义分析路径是当代政治哲学中的平等理论的一种重要分析进路,罗纳德.德沃金所建构的名为"资源平等"的分配正义理论是其中的代表性理论之一。资源平等的理论目标是"敏于抱负"和"钝于禀赋",实际上,这两种理论目标之间有一种内在的张力,"敏于抱负"与"钝于禀赋"相互消解。德沃金在一定程度上意识到了其平等的资源主义分析路径的内在张力,并试图以"虚拟保险市场"来化解它。德沃金的这一尝试是值得商榷的,原因主要在于虚拟保险市场既不能实现"敏于抱负",又不能实现"钝于禀赋"。     

德沃金的道德客观性思想初探

自20世纪90年代以来,德沃金强烈批评了实证主义的客观性标准,同时为了反对道德怀疑主义,他提出了"自然解读"的理论模式,以此来捍卫道德的客观性标准。通过梳理这一模式的理论观点和逻辑结构,认为德沃金的理论尝试并不成功。     

原则、法律的概念与概念分析

20世纪70年代德沃金提出了“原则论题”,批评以哈特为代表的分析实证主义法律理论,此后展开了一系列极具意义的理论争论。德沃金的理论观点确实构成了对分析实证主义基本理论观点的严重冲击,但是这种冲击的力度一定程度上被他早期的“原则论题”所削弱,在理论发展的后期德沃金大体上放弃了“原则论题”,以意义论题、概念分析论题取而代之,更为清楚地厘清了他与分析实证主义法律理论的争点所在,而且表明这是一场不可回避的争论。     

在激进与保守之间——德沃金平等理论的两副面孔

罗纳德.德沃金在对福利平等和罗尔斯的平等理论批判的基础上建构了"资源平等"的分配正义理论。通常认为资源平等是一种非常激进的平等理论,但这仅适用于早期德沃金的资源平等,从动态的角度考察之,可发现德沃金晚期褪去了其早期较为激进的面孔而渐趋保守:资源平等从早期的"结果导向"和"程序导向"并举到后期仅仅以"程序导向"为主。德沃金激进立场的不断退却,可能主要在于他试图用资源平等处理更加现实的问题和回应他人批判时不得不做出调整。     

柏克的权利观

在被誉为现代保守主义圣经的《法国革命论》中，柏克采用与启蒙思想完全对立的思想设计，通过对法国大革命的攻击以及对启蒙哲学抽象权利观的批判，展示了其具有鲜明特色的保守主义权利观。柏克不否认人有自然权利，但否认公民社会中人的自然权利。柏克强调公民社会中人的伙伴关系以及权利继承关系的“自然”与神圣性。柏克的权利观是一种保守主义的等级权利观，是反映贵族利益的特权观。柏克的权利理论是为英国君主立宪政体辩护的理论。     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Social and Cultural Influence on Word Meaning

Different nations have different social cultures, and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation, language is greatly influenced by social culture, which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics. Word is the smallest, independent, meaningful linguistic unit of language. It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics. From synchronic aspect, the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word. The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages. From diachronic aspect, the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent. Therefore, social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language.     

汉字倒说

汉字的六书,《说文》对“转注”一类,语焉不详。后世学者提及转注,也仅限于许慎所举出的例字。《汉字例说》一文,作者从转注的角度综合考虑,对部分现代常用字作了分析,跟传统的解释有所不同。希望能抛砖引玉,互相切磋,以推进学术研究。     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.