社会地质:发展地学文化的基础

对地学文化进行新的定义,强调地学文化与人地相互作用的关系;论述了社会地质与地学文化的同源性、耦合性,以及社会地质与地学文化传承和发展的关系,进一步论证了社会地质是地学文化的基础。     

科学课程中的辉格史批判

科学史融入科学课程对提升学生的科学素养有重要的意义。科学史的本源价值是其元认知价值——展现科学的本质和科学技术与社会的关系。辉格式科学史给学生呈现出一副歪曲的科学发展图景,不利于学生理解科学的本质以及科学技术与社会的关系。其产生的根本原因是教育者价值观的错位,即教育哲学中的知识中心主义、科学哲学中的素朴经验论和历史哲学中的移时史观;直接原因在于科学家的一些"不当行为"与科学教育工作者对科学、科学家所持的刻板印象相冲突,他们按自己的刻板印象去重塑科学史。科学课程应变辉格式科学史为真实的科学发展历程。     

美国科学史教育的演进及其启示

科学史教育是培养和提高学生科学素养的重要途径。把科学史引入科学课程和教学之中已成为当代科学教育革新发展的一大特点。本文介绍了美国科学史教育的兴起与发展，以期为我国探究在新的时代背景下实施科学史教育的新思路提供启示和借鉴。     

从科普到科学文化传播——不可或缺的科学史教育

科学文化传播是科学普及的新概念.科学史教育可以在科学文化传播中扮演比较特殊的角色,可以成为现代科学文化传播的重要资源.科学史可以从科学精神、科学知识、哲学思想、科学方法以及科学技术与社会关系等方面为大众提供很好的学习资源.倡导在学校科学教育中进行科学史教育,能够提高大众科学素养,实现科学文化传播的目标.     

社会整合的战略意义及其模式创新

当中国社会获得新的强大动力 ,步入到发展的快车道之后 ,社会结构的变化在加快 ,新的社会矛盾日渐增多 ,如何解决社会矛盾 ,优化社会结构 ,这类问题是关系中国社会能否实现稳定、持续发展的最高战略问题。邓小平关于社会整合的理论为我们正确认识和处理这类问题提供了科学的指导思想     

论阿伽西的多元文化科学史观

基于40多年对科学哲学与科学史的思考,阿伽西从理性主义批判的角度主张科学史研究要文学化、文化化、宽容化、多元化,形成了其独特的多元文化科学史观。探讨阿伽西科学史观的形成与内涵,不仅可为理解和认知科学史产生新的逻辑起点,亦可反思科学史研究的本体论与方法论。     

科学教学不应“冷落”科学史

<正>在现实教学中,有许多科学教师不重视科学史的教学,他们或把科学史等同于科学故事,或将科学史作为知识点传授并加以考查,或将科学史当作教学的附加品。其实,科学史不仅可以向学生展示科学发展的过程,帮助学生把握科学的本质特征,理解科学的发展与人类的关系,还能帮助学生了解科学探究的不同侧面以及科学在文化发展中的作用。1.把握介入时机,经历发现过程。科学史的教学应贯穿于科学教学的始终,具体     

科学史在中学《科学》教育中的作用

科学教育不仅要求学生了解科学的现状，而且还要让学生知道科学的过去和未来。而科学史不仅可以向学生生动地展示科学发展的动态过程、帮助学生把握科学事业的本质特征、理解科学的发展与人类的关系，还有助于学生了解科学探究的不同侧面，科学的人性侧面以及科学在各种文化发展中的作用。另外，在《全日制义务教育科学(7～9年级)课程标准(实验稿)》中，已开始突出科学史在科学课程中的地位与作用，而且科学史进入科学课程的方式也发生了很大的变化，已经不再是为讲历史而讲历史。通过科学史教育可以明确《科学》中各种概念的历史由来，使《科学》教学变得生动有趣；可以了解科学家的成长历程，培养学生的怀疑、批判等科学精神和创新能力。总的来说科学史在中学《科学》教学中有以下几点作用：     

博物学对构建科学文化的启示

社会大众对科学持有一定的观念和理解,形成关于科学的文化。科学主义将其他类型的知识贬斥为大众常识、诗意的表述、形而上学的胡说和伪科学。分析西方科学史上的多元研究传统,可知博物学对多元文化的理解需求具有亲和力和开放性,理解西方科学的多元传统为破除科学主义一元文化和建设中国当代科学文化提供了源头活水。     

论高职“科学与人文”融合的跨学科综合性课程及其开发

开设跨学科综合性课程是实施“科学与人文”融合教育的最有效途径之一。科学史、STS（科学、技术与社会）是实施“科学与人文”融合教育的有效载体,但存在人文文化边缘化、高职针对性不强等局限。新开发的《科学与人文》课程,以提高学生的科学与人文素养为出发点,以科学与人文统一融合的思想为指导,综合了人生、社会哲思和现代科技与社会等内容,弥补了科学史和STS的不足,体现了科学文化与人文文化、科学精神与人文精神的高度统一。     

The homicide, the pervert act and paternity

Proposition to articulate perverse subjectivity and the pervert act was established, wherein, the dynamics of criminal acts, as means of lust, and convicts＇ positioning within social bonds configure the outlines. For this purpose, imprisoned were registered in unit of Rio de Janeiro Penal System was interviewed. The concept of perversion was a starting point and means for interpretation of the perverse phenomena present in subjects condemned for homicide. Social relationships, geared by violence and crime, offer criminality guaranteed space within its network. The assertive that social plot offers sponsorship, if not incentive, for occurrence and maintenance of crimes may be made, but this statement is uncertain when considering the criminal＇s perception of his role and part therein. This questioning leds to the investigation of imprisoned with the objective of studying the criminal act, the executor＇s implication and types of social engagement related to crime. Discursive production was collected from various interviews and analyzed. The results were： （1） The majority of criminals believe crime necessary and associated to citizen and criminal necessities. （2） The way media discloses criminal acts makes available methods and strategies which can be readily assimilated. （3） Criminals interpret their crimes as sociological-economic needs, a means of social ascension and empowerment, thus revealing remarkable change in customs. （4） Failure, or even absence of a paternal image was evidenced in family pattern study, inasmuch as majority come from women＇s homes with several children, each of different fathers. （5） Uncontrollable increase of criminality may be the consequence of subjective emptiness, observable by maximum concentration of the subject in the ego, allied to the loosening of links fundamental to social relationship. （6） The criminal have low scholastic levels. Homicidal hold the lowest academic level, some being illiterate. （7） Finally, the imprisoned reveal the existence of pleasure in stealing, killing, seizure, blackmailing and assaulting. He practices two categories of actions： （1） Torturer, which includes assailants and kidnappers, has primordial interest in the slow mortification process of the victims, continuous suffering, the abolition of desire and, not immediately, death; （2） Executioner, commonly known as contracted killers, those whose lust derives from the capture of death in those dying whilst dying, have the sole action present with complete dissubjectivation of victim.     

What will users expect from virtual learning methods？ A conceptual model to analyze future leaning method enhancements

ICT （information and communication technologies） add enormous approaches to utilize computing into users＇ daily lives. Every aspect of social needs has been touched by ICT, including learning. VL （virtual learning）, with the life span of slightly above a decade, still looks for possible approaches to enhance its functions with significant pressure from related disciplines for continual improvements. Very recently, with the introduction of Web 2.0, Semantic Web, and 3D （3-Dimensional） Virtual Environments, users have expanded their horizons of expectations. Along with this technology advancement, there has been a noticeable social and demographic transformation from recent years. Sociologists refer these as new generations of the human kind with high intellect, multitasking nature and high awareness of their environments. At present, they are getting into the education stream with high eager for creativity, flexibility and entertainment. Most of the present students in primary and secondary levels in schools show such characteristics and advance their expectations frequently. On the other hand, VL still has not accommodated new social networking and entertainment approaches as it confines to limitations from traditional learning pedagogies and administrative rules. So far, the only successful step it could take forward is the blended learning, which is now fading its novelty. The simple yet foremost essential question is, how far could people retain the students willingly with present VL methods？ Alternatively, will it become another unimpressive rigid approach of learning to the future generations？ This paper discusses possible approaches to evolve VL methods and models to make the future learning enjoyable yet comprehensive task. The paper tries to analyze briefly the different parameters significant to VL in a holistic manner, while providing an abstract model to analyze learning activities.     

Social work students＇ attitude toward poverty in the new economy： A multivariate analysis

This study, conducted at a mid-sized university located in central Canada, had two purposes. The first was to simultaneously assess the influence of undergraduate social work education and other variables such as gender, ethnicity, perceived financial security and political affiliation on students＇ attitude toward poverty. The second was to contribute to the fledgling body of international studies which focus on the area of social work education and perceptions of poverty. The participants in this study were students enrolled in one of three selected undergraduate social work courses or an undergraduate business course. In all of the social work classes, the students were exposed to key ideas and concepts pertaining to poverty and poverty policy, including the cyclical nature of market economies and the challenges and barriers faced by the working poor population. The results indicated that social work education and affiliation with a leftist political ideology predicted a more structural attitude toward poverty.     

Assets for children： Experiences in Asia and implications for China

A growing number of national and local governments view child development accounts （CDAs） as an innovative policy tool for social and economic development. This article reviews the global landscape of CDAs, presents three CDA policy cases from Asia, analyzes main themes and discusses potential implications for China.     

Learning to become an intercultural practitioner： The case of lifelong learning intensive programme Interdisciplinary Course of Intercultural Competences

This paper dates back to 2009 （it was first presented at the CRLL Conference at Stirling University） and deals with the advances in lifelong learning introduced by an ERASMUS LLP--IP named Interdisciplinary Course of Intercultural Competences （ICIC）. The programme, that involves academic and non-academic institutions concerned with higher education of six different European countries, worked out an intensive international learning pathway aimed at developing intercultural competences in three professional fields： education, social work and health care. The paper focuses on the programme＇s innovative combination of formal and informal learning as a strategic lever to： （1） enhance a holistic concept of ＂competence＂ that puts human relationship at the centre of professional skills; （2） assume intercultural competences as key competences transversal to different professions; （3） introduce social skills and reflection as key factors for developing a transformative model of lifelong learning （Jarvis, 2005） that able to match the needs of the current complex, ever-changing societies; and （4） develop experiential learning without giving up to a strong theoretical framework of reference. The programme introduces an educational model that matches the main goals of higher educational priorities started by Bologna Process and relies upon a solid theoretical framework developed in the field of intercultural research at a sociological, socio-psychological and pedagogical level （Bennett, 1993; Gudykunst ＆ Ting, 2002; Camilleri ＆ Cohen, 1989; Hall, 1959; Hofstede 2001; Beck ＆ Grande, 2006; Farr, 1984）, as well as in one of the lifelong learning （Le Boteurf, 1997; Illeris, 2005; Jarvis, 2005; Schon, 1983）.     

Social and communicational skills in upper secondary vocational education and training

This article presents the methodology used by the Finnish Education Evaluation Council in the national evaluation of social and communication skills in vocational education and training. The evaluation concentrates on key competences such as learning-to-learn skills, communication skills, social skills and entrepreneurship （Implementation of Education and Stringfellow, 2005; Recommendation of the European Training 2010, 2004; Winterton, Delemare-Le Deist ＆ Parliament and of the Council of December 18, 2006 on key competencies for lifelong leaming, 2006）. The evaluation focuses particularly on skills required in the labour market. These competences are included in all vocational study programmes as a part of accompanying with other key competences. The authors＇ approach follows the principles of developmental and participative evaluation, applying the Common Quality Assurance Framework （CQAF） model, which has been accepted by the European Commission for the quality management and quality assurance framework for vocational education and training in Europe. Additional methods such as interview and statistical data gathering were used to acquire comprehensive data and ensure extensive participation of each partner involved has key competences. The evaluation material was collected from vocational education and training providers by sector （n=8） and by qualification （n=53）. Every sector and type of examination was included in the evaluation. The evaluation was based on a sample （n=130）. The evaluation data were collected from multiple sources by using multiple methods. The material included written self-evaluation reports by vocational education and training providers （n=130 which equals 95% of VET providers）, quantitative information, interviews organized by the National Board of Education and an evaluation seminar for providers as focus groups. Educational administrators, teachers, students, employers and workplace instructors participated in the self-evaluation of the vocational education and training establishments （multi-professional evaluation）.     

Quality criteria of research perceived by academics in social sciences at higher education

The purpose of this study is to examine the problem of research quality in social sciences at higher education. Quality of research produced at higher education started to be questioned more often as research became the major factor determining academics＇ promotion and fund allocation to universities. In the study, we aimed to reveal how academics perceive research quality and what they identify as the main problems that make it difficult to achieve quality in research. Data were collected through interviews with 25 academics from 7 disciplines （educational sciences, sociology, communicational sciences, law, history, management and political science） in 7 universities. Six of the academics interviewed were professors, 7 were associate professors, 10 were assistant professors and 2 were doctors. Interviews were carried out in 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 academic years, and each lasted about one hour on average. Data collected were analyzed through content analysis. Study findings revealed that academics referred most often to methodological issues as the most important quality criterion of research, followed by issues of theoretical background and originality. Academics definitions of sub-criteria related to these were tackled in more detail in the study. As the most important hindrances that make it difficult to achieve quality in research academics mentioned lack of a long-established research culture, problems of research resources and the pressure caused by academic promotion criteria. Some recommendations related to the problems were made to develop research quality in the light of the study findings.     

不同专业淮南地区地质实习的共性和差异性研究

在淮南地区有多个不同专业进行地质实习,实习都定位于地质实习或是以地质为主要内容的实习,实习目标、实习定位、实习线路和融入大地质的理念上具有共性。同时,不同专业的实习在实习内容、实习时间、对地质知识的掌握程度、实习侧重点上存在差异。不同专业地质实习所具有的共性和差异性要求任课教师具有更为宽广的知识面和驾驭不同教学环境的能力。建议任课老师加强集体备课,为进一步提高实习质量作出贡献。     

A case study on teaching and learning DNA

The purpose of this paper was to study the learning of DNA （deoxyribonucleic acid） by disadvantaged high school students in a Thai welfare school. Three DNA units of the genetics instructional units （GIUs） based on a social constructivist approach were implemented to 14 disadvantaged school students at Grade 12 in Bangkok. The data were collected from classroom observation, interviews, students＇ works, basic genetics concepts survey and advanced genetics concepts survey. It was found that before the implementation of the GIUs, the majority of students had ＂no conceptions＂ about gene, chromosome and DNA including their relationships. During the implementation of the GIUs, the teacher induced students into the lessons, checked students＇ prior knowledge, used practical-inexpensive-durable instructional materials, promoted social interactions through a variety of teaching strategies, periodically used dynamic assessments and assigned students into groups where they were able to communicate with others. After the implementation, the majority of students showed having ＂scientific conceptions＂ in the chemical components of DNA and ＂partial understanding＂ of the DNA structure and relationships among cell-nucleus-chromosome-DNA-gene concepts.     

实践教学中科学研究能力的培养

实践教学是地质类专业学生培养的重要组成部分.本文结合多年教学经验,系统分析了科学研究能力培养的各个层面（发现问题、分解问题、针对性研究、分析与写作）与巢湖地质填图实习之间的对应关系,并就实习中科学研究能力培养的方式方法进行了探讨,对于挖掘巢湖地质填图实习潜力、优化地质专业创新人才培养具有一定的借鉴意义.