企业技术创新产权的制度分析

技术创新产权本质上是技术创新主体拥有的排他性的占有关系和权利。产权制度可以保证技术创新资产拥有者一定的独占权,排除仿制者对技术创新产权所有者利益的侵犯,为技术创新活动提供持续、有效的激励动力。因此,要保持创新活动的持久和效率,需要在制度上作出安排。通过技术创新产权激励机制的设计,实现对企业技术创新活动的激励,从而建立合理的、科学的企业技术创新制度。     

企业技术创新的制度激励机制探讨

有效的制度安排对企业技术创新具有重要的激励作用。本文从新制度经济学的视野入手 ,根据我国企业技术创新激励不足的现实状况 ,分析企业技术创新的特征及与制度安排的紧密联系 ,从企业、市场和政府三个不同层面探讨企业技术创新的制度激励系统的基本内容     

技术创新制度激励的思想探源与政策分析

根据马克思主义经济学和西方经济学的论证，有效的制度安排对技术创新具有重要的激励作用。为了加强技术创新的制度激励力度，可以从企业、市场、政府等不同层面出发，构建一个能有效激励技术创新的制度框架。在政府政策安排方面，必须从产权保护、公共采购、财政支持、科技发展、市场培育等角度对技术创新行为进行激励。     

制度：人类历史发展的“火车头”

制度是生产力系统的核心,是最基本层次的第一生产力。制度通过对生产和再分配领域分别贯彻效率与公平原则,建立产权和社会保障,形成全方位激励,促进资源的生产性配置,制度是形成有效组织的“孵化器”而有效的经济组织是经济增长的关键;制度促进市场创新和经济繁荣;制度激励是技术创新、产生革命永久的动力,是经济增长的不竭之源;制度将人类社会各方力量规范成推动经济和历史发展的合力。制度通过规则创新、体制创新、产权创     

以制度创新推进我国经济增长方式的转变

本文浅论了制度创新与经济增长的关系,指出制度是经济增长的内生变量;分析了制度在经济增长中的的规范约束、有效激励以及明确产权、降低交易成本的内在功能与效应,提出制度创新是经济增长的根本。对我国而言,应从制度创新入手,通过制度创新为技术创新提供保证,推动技术创新,从而实现我国经济增长方式的转变。     

论风险利益激励制度

在当今风险性活动中存在着现有制度对人们的风险性活动激励不足的问题,解决这一问题的途径是要进行风险利益激励制度的创新,这种创新应该郑重在风险利益激励制度的奖励功能、产权效应、信息机制等方面有所作为。     

产权保护下的诱致性技术创新——新制度经济学的视角

本文先从当代世界经济增长路径的新情况导入到分析新经济增长理论的不足,用新制度经济学的产权、交易成本等方法论及技术创新的垄断结构来说明技术创新的激励因素;运用数理模型分析激励创新的制度因素,并逐步阐明了理想制度在外部势力冲击下,创新产品生命周期和垄断结构如何被破坏,及现实环境中免费乘车者与技术创新主体之间的博弈;通过实证证明模型的结论,提出现行制度设计的缺陷和相应的修补建议.     

高校科技企业制度创新研究

本文从解决高校科技企业目前存在的产权不明晰、管理体制不规范、学校承担企业运营风险等制度方面的突出问题入手 ,着力研究和探讨高校科技企业建立新型产权关系 ,完善法人治理结构 ,强化企业激励与约束机制 ,建立现代企业制度等制度创新问题。     

职务科技成果产权激励的法经济学思辨——从经验命题到价值命题的理论选项

实践上的职务科技成果"产权分割(确认)制"作为经验命题,在外部性理论缺失的前提下对产权激励论难以证成,但其作为一个应然性的价值命题具有重要意义。科技进步的国有产权价值追求和社会福利的人力资源增进预期,在职务科技成果的产权激励上形成耦合点,并为产权分割和创业激励的实践"进化"到产权激励理论提供了理论基础。站在法经济学角度,从外部性理论、产权理论和激励论中梳理职务科技成果产权激励的理论脉络,可为科技成果转化提供制度变革的理论增长点和可行的实践路径。     

现代企业制度创新的新课题：产权激励

产权激励问题是理论界尚未全面系统地展开研究与探讨的一个重要的理论和实践问题。有鉴于此，本文以全新的视野对产权激励、产权激励机制进行定义，并将产权激励机制概括为制度激励等六种具体形式。文章还着重论述了产权激励的生成机理以及建立产权激励机制在调整产权结构和国有企业制度创新过程中的重要意义。     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Social and Cultural Influence on Word Meaning

Different nations have different social cultures, and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation, language is greatly influenced by social culture, which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics. Word is the smallest, independent, meaningful linguistic unit of language. It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics. From synchronic aspect, the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word. The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages. From diachronic aspect, the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent. Therefore, social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

汉字倒说

汉字的六书,《说文》对“转注”一类,语焉不详。后世学者提及转注,也仅限于许慎所举出的例字。《汉字例说》一文,作者从转注的角度综合考虑,对部分现代常用字作了分析,跟传统的解释有所不同。希望能抛砖引玉,互相切磋,以推进学术研究。