集成项目交付模式下知识共享治理机制研究

集成项目交付模式将项目各参与方集中在一个集成项目团队中,利用各方知识实现价值增值活动。知识共享对于集成项目团队成功实施具有重要作用,但是知识管理领域的研究不足以解决团队所面临的知识共享问题,因此从知识治理的角度对能够治理知识共享的机制进行探究。通过对知识共享和知识治理方面的文献进行综述,提出适合集成项目团队的知识共享治理机制,即基于网络、信任和文化、激励、决策权分配的机制,为集成项目团队的成功实施提供一定的参考意见。     

论Guanxi情境下组织认同对顾客信任企业化的影响

本文从员工管理与顾客管理的整合视角,探讨Guanxi情境下顾客信任企业化的路径,讨论"组织认同"对顾客信任企业化过程的影响。基于社会认知理论,分析组织认同的三个维度在合情的顾客信任、合理的顾客信任的企业化过程中的差异化影响。笔者通过问卷调查,运用偏最小二乘方法对模型进行检验,结果显示组织认同对顾客信任的企业化过程有调节作用,且组织认同的三个维度分别影响了顾客信任的两种企业化过程。这些发现对组织管理者更好地识别和处理组织的信任关系有借鉴意义,为管理者通过提升员工的组织认同感来实现顾客信任企业化提供理论基础。     

企业内部信任、经理人创新动力与能力关系研究

目前公司治理研究大多研究关注正式的控制和监督机制的作用,缺乏对信任这一非正式因素作用的关注。大股东与经理人间的信任关系相比正式的制度安排,更具灵活性,因为在管家理论视角下,它有利于促进双方长期导向的代理关系,有利于激发经理人发挥主观能动性去创新。然而,很少有研究探讨代理关系中信任机制如何影响经理人创新特征的形成。因此,本文从信任的情感和认知两个维度解释大股东与经理人之间的信任对后者创新动力和能力的影响过程与机理。通过对174个企业样本的实证分析,发现:两种信任方式对经理人的创新能力都有正向促进作用,但两者的作用方式存在差异;创新动力部分中介情感信任和创新能力两者间的关系。文章最后讨论了这些结论的理论和实践价值,并给出了未来研究的方向。     

Employees’ trust and their knowledge sharing and integration: the mediating roles of organizational identification and organization-based self-esteem

We propose that the effect of trust on knowledge sharing (KS) and knowledge integration (KI) is mediated by organizational identification (OI) and organization-based self-esteem (OBSE). We focus on the relationship among different foci of trust and take into consideration that trust is a culturally dependent variable. We draw from a large-scale questionnaire survey with 50 Chinese companies and find support for our hypotheses in general. The study finds that employees’ trust within the organization is a multifaceted construct that includes their trust in the organization, trust in the supervisor and trust in peers. Trust with these different foci positively impact KS and KI. However, such effects are largely indirect and we find support for our expectation that OI and OBSE function as mediators. We conclude that trust in itself is a precondition but not sufficient condition for the actualization of KS and KI.     

开放视角下企业的知识治理和隐性知识共享

    隐性知识为企业技术创新及可持续发展提供了支撑,共享、整合和利用企业内外部隐性知识的研究得到学者们的广泛关注,但现有文献对如何促进组织间隐性知识共享的关注甚少。本文选取中国东部地区的186家知识密集型企业为调查对象,探讨开放情境下核心企业的知识治理与组织间隐性知识共享的关系。研究发现：知识治理对组织间隐性知识共享具有正向影响,组织开放度在市场型和层级型知识治理对组织间隐性知识共享的影响中均具有显著的调节作用,但在社会型知识治理对组织间知识共享影响中的调节作用不显著。该研究可为企业在创新网络中获得基于知识治理的创新和竞争优势提供借鉴。     

不同场景微信群的知识共享影响差异研究——基于ERGMs模型

微信群作为新型的社会关系组织模式，被广泛地应用在工作、学习、生活中。人们通过不同的微信群交流思想，传递知识。研究不同场景微信群内部的知识共享差异，可以解决微信群知识共享低效的问题，为多元化的知识治理提供支撑。以社会资本理论为基础，研究了结构资本、关系资本、认知资本对工作、学习和生活微信群内部显性、隐性知识共享的影响差异，并借助指数随机图模型（ERGMs）对其进行了实证研究。研究表明：工作场景下，影响隐性知识共享的关键因素是个体中心性、互动关系强度、认同、互惠和信任；影响显性知识共享的关键因素是个体中心性、认同、互惠、信任和共同语言。学习场景下，影响隐性知识共享的关键因素是个体中心性、认同、互惠和信任；影响显性知识共享的关键因素是个体中心性、互动关系强度、互惠、信任和共同语言。生活场景下，影响隐性知识共享的关键因素是互动关系强度、认同、信任和共同语言；影响显性知识共享的关键因素是信任和共同语言。     

基于信任的合同柔性改善项目管理绩效研究

发承包双方间的信任关系及合同柔性作为关系治理与合同治理的核心，被视为工程项目管理绩效保障的重要因素。然而，信任、合同柔性作为多维度概念，其深层影响关系并未得到充分解释。本文从信任、合同柔性以及项目管理绩效相互作用剖析入手，构建信任、合同柔性、项目管理绩效结构模型，并依据调查问卷的统计分析结果得出以下结论：诚信信任与能力信任正向影响合同柔性，且正向影响项目管理绩效。制度信任与合同柔性及项目管理绩效的关系并不显著。合同柔性的使用与项目管理绩效间存在显著正相关关系。最后，基于研究结论提出了相关管理启示。     

Social capital as a driver of local knowledge exchange: a social network analysis

The objective of this paper is to take an in-depth look, from a network perspective, at the role that social capital plays in improving knowledge exchange between organizations. To do this, we consider the three dimensions of social capital: the structural dimension, as measured by the position of firms bridging structural holes; the relational dimension, as gauged by the level of trust and friendship in each relationship; and the cognitive dimension, as estimated by the presence of a shared culture. We also evaluate the level of organizational and human capital present in terms of the firms in the network. Empirical evidence has been gathered from the Madrid Science Park in Spain by applying the social network analysis methodology. The results show that the three dimensions of social capital play a significant role in increasing knowledge exchange in this network, while human and organizational capital differences are only significant for a sub-sample.     

基于SD的重大工程项目治理动态仿真研究

在深入解析我国特殊情境基础上,识别重大工程项目治理机制维度,并基于系统动力学(SD)探讨重大工程项目治理效应非线性涌现规律.结果表明,在中国情境下的重大工程项目实施的周期中,契约治理和行政治理在前期阶段占主导地位,推动着项目的发展;而关系治理在中后期的作用明显,有效推动治理绩效的提高,并超越契约治理和行政治理占据主导地位;同时,收益分配、关系维护和政府监管尤其是关系维护对治理绩效的影响相对较大.该研究可以为项目各参与方提升重大工程项目治理能力和实现项目成功提供参考依据.     

Cultivating the sense of belonging and motivating user participation in virtual communities: A social capital perspective

Virtual communities (VCs) are attracting more attention as they provide a platform for people to share experiences and knowledge, which may further impact their purchase decisions. From a social capital perspective, this study investigated factors that cultivate a VC member's sense of belonging and their effects on facilitating his participation in the VC in terms of the intentions to get and share experiences and knowledge. The results indicated that three factors that relate to three dimensions of social capital in the VC – familiarity with members in the VC from the structural dimension, perceived similarity with other members from the cognitive dimension, and trust in other members from the relational dimension – are all positively related to the sense of belonging, which affects intentions to get and share knowledge and mediates the relationships between social capital factors and a VC member's intentions to participate.     

城市画像视角下的政务社交媒体资源保存研究

【目的/意义】从城市画像视角切入,分析政务社交媒体资源保存路径,以期为建设城市画像档案库和改善 城市面貌提供有力支撑,辅助城市治理和发展。【方法/过程】利用文献综述法和对比分析法,从政务社交媒体资源 保存的项目实践研究和试验研究2个方面分别介绍国内外政务社交媒体资源保存的研究概况,并从理论和实践维 度进行述评,在此基础上探究城市画像视角下的政务社交媒体资源保存。基于城市画像视角,从制度、信息和技术 层面开展政务社交媒体资源保存路径分析,发掘政务社交媒体资源保存问题。【结果/结论】从制度、信息和技术层 面提出保障措施,为城市画像视角下的政务社交媒体资源保存提供支撑。【创新/局限】只分析了城市画像视角下的 政务社交媒体资源保存路径,而未对相关路径进行验证。     

基于集群治理的产业集群内企业知识资产保护模式研究

产业集群内成员企业由于其邻近性和快速知识溢出,导致相互之间技术很容易模仿,而现有知识产权法律难以有效地保护集群企业的知识资产,这种现象已对集群企业产生创新负激励。从集群治理视角研究如何保护集群内企业知识资产的有效模式,在分析集群知识资产保护案例的基础上,提出从治理主体是否具有权威和治理主体与其他个体网络关系类型两个维度划分集群企业知识资产的保护模式,并分析了与之对应的集群中知识资产保护模式和机制。     

Trust as an antecedent to knowledge sharing in virtual communities of practice

This study focusses on the role of trust in knowledge sharing within the context of virtual communities of practice. Trust is widely accepted as an important enabler of knowledge management (KM) processes. We conceptualise trust across three dimensions, namely: competence, integrity and benevolence; we test hypotheses as to the effect of these facets of trust on knowledge sharing by surveying an intra-organisational global virtual community of practitioners. The results indicate that all three dimensions of trust are positively related to knowledge-sharing behaviour. Trust based on the perceived integrity of the community was found to be the strongest predictor of knowledge-sharing behaviour. Our findings suggest that the dimensions of trust buttress each other; although they are theoretically distinct, they appear to be empirically inseparable. We propose that in order for knowledge sharing to be enabled, trust must concurrently exist in all three dimensions. Implication to organisations in their recruitment policy is to include competence, integrity and benevolence in their sought-for attributes of new employees. KM practitioners also have to encourage these attributes in existing employees, who are potential members of on-line communities of practice. Knowledge sharing itself was conceptualised with three components – quantity (frequency), quality (usefulness or value) and focus (the degree to which an individual feels that they engage in knowledge sharing). Of the three components, focus exhibits the most significant relationship with trust factors. This finding makes knowledge sharing less tangible than perhaps would be expected. It suggests that establishing whether knowledge has been shared is more than counting the frequency or trying to evaluate the usefulness of the shared knowledge. These aspects are important especially to management, but to the individual who shares knowledge, her feelings of having shared knowledge appear to be more important. With the current understanding that knowledge sharing is more of a human activity than technology, it is important that any information system should be assistive in boosting users’ confidence that they are indeed sharing knowledge. If the systems do not re-enforce the users’ knowledge-sharing orientation, knowledge sharing may be discouraged. Notwithstanding the point made about knowledge-sharing focus, it is necessary to take into consideration all the components of knowledge sharing to fully capture the concept. This was well indicated when the combined variable of all (rather than individual) knowledge-sharing items had the strongest correlation with trust factors.

     

信任能降低公众对人工智能技术的风险感知吗

论文基于一项全国性抽样问卷调查,从主效应和交互效应两个层面,探究信任是否以及如何塑造公众对人工智能技术的风险感知。结果显示：对政府官员和科学家的信任,均显著降低了对人工智能技术的风险感知;信任政府官员的影响力,不仅高于信任科学家,也高于人工智能知识;对科学家能力信任的影响力高于对科学家的道德信任。除了主效应,信任与知识之间还存在相互强化的交互效应,即信任对技术风险感知的影响力随着人工智能知识水平的上升而增强,随着知识水平的下降而减弱。论文进一步讨论了上述研究结果对风险管理与风险传播的政策意义与未来研究方向。     

Knowledge governance in a Japanese project-based organization

Knowledge processes (knowledge creation, retention, and sharing) are influenced by organizational structure, and governance and coordination mechanisms. While project-based organizational structures facilitate knowledge creation; they can hinder knowledge retention and sharing without adequate governance mechanisms. Drawing from the knowledge management and knowledge governance literatures, this paper proposes knowledge governance mechanisms – consensus-based hierarchy, shared human resource practices, and performance measures and output control – that promote knowledge processes in project-based organizations (PBOs). The functioning of knowledge governance is described in a Japanese PBO, Maekawa Manufacturing Ltd. Although the case indicates that both soft and hard dimensions of knowledge governance support knowledge processes, soft dimensions are prioritized in this particular organization. Some implications and suggestions for further research are given.     

社会网络结构空洞嵌入对创新能力的影响研究

本文从创新企业知识共享穿透切入,基于社会网络理论(SNA)分析视角,重点剖析社会网络"结构洞"对创意知识共享的"倒U型"影响。通过构建数量Logistic(阻滞增长)模型,旨在建立黏度适宜的"社会网络桥",撬动"结构洞"与创新能力的倒U型曲线,强化创新企业社会网络内各个行为利基体间的沟通与信任,增强彼此间的联系强度与网络中心强度,提高创意企业的创新知识共享水平,促进企业创新水平的提升。     

社会资本与技术转移绩效的关系研究

从社会规范、社会网络和社会信任3个维度构建社会资本测度指标,运用2008—2015年我国30个省(区市)的面板数据,探究社会资本对技术转移绩效的关系。研究结果表明:地区社会规范水平越高,技术转移绩效越好;地区社会网络通达度越高,技术转移绩效越好;同时,地区社会信任程度越高,技术转移绩效也越好。从社会资本角度提出进一步提升我国各地区技术转移绩效的建议,从而提高我国整体的技术创新水平。     

领导的知识基础:中国文化背景下的领导理论研究

分析了领导理论的知识基础,认为其由领导者的道德和才能两个维度构成,并采用德和才的二因素法,对不同的领导类型进行分类.即认为领导类型可以分为胜任型、正直型、传统型和严格型四类.从知识基础的角度,探索不同的知识对于领导类型及其产生结果的影响,即对于组织内部的信任与和谐的影响.     

企业与大学技术合作的绩效:基于合作治理视角的实证研究

本文从合作治理角度实证分析了契约治理、关系治理与产学合作绩效的关系.采用北京地区企业的数据,运用层级回归方法,本文得到如下结果:第一,事先信任、专用资产、技术属性是影响契约治理的重要因素;第二,专用资产、技术属性对事先信任与契约治理的关系具有调节作用;第三,关系治理机制能够显著的提升合作绩效.而契约治理机制与合作绩效呈倒u型关系,最后,对本文研究的不足和未来的研究方向做了进一步的探讨.     

关系治理与集群企业知识共享关系研究--集群创新网络的中介作用

本文整合关系治理、社会网络和知识管理相关理论,利用德阳装备制造业集群中的205家企业的问卷数据,采用结构方程模型,探讨了关系治理、集群创新网络与集群企业知识共享之间的相互关系与作用机制。研究发现,关系治理下的三个维度--共同愿景、联合行动和资源依赖对集群企业知识共享均有正向影响;共同愿景、资源依赖正向影响集群创新网络的结构嵌入与关系嵌入,而联合行动只对集群创新网络的结构嵌入有正向影响;集群创新网络在关系治理与集群企业知识共享关系中起中介作用,但在不同维度的关系治理与知识共享关系中的中介作用存在显著差异。通过构建“关系治理--集群创新网络—集群知识共享”的理论模型和分析框架,本文丰富了关系治理、社会网络和知识管理领域的研究成果,为集群企业合理运用关系治理行为来构建创新网络并促进彼此间的知识共享提供了理论参考。