运动塑身期间的科学饮食

通过运动减肥、运动塑身是大家普遍选择的减肥和塑身方式,并且也知道严格控制饮食以减少能量的摄入来配合运动减肥或增重,可这样做有时往往达不到希望的结果。那么你是否知道能量摄入和吸收一个人的血型有关呢?其实,不同血型的人对食物的代谢吸收是不同的。运动减肥或增重不仅要有合理的运动处方,还要根据血型制定适合自己的饮食。O型血的人     

身体活动对HDL-C及其亚类HDL2-C和HDL3-C的影响

通过对大量文献资料的研究表明，经常从事身体活动，尤其是有氧运动的个体，与惯于久坐不动的个体，其血中的HDL—C水平有较大的差异。这种差异意味着规律性的参加有氧运动锻炼是预防冠心病的一项长期干预措施。评述了身体活动在增加血液HDL—C水平的作用及其可能性机制。指出增加能量消耗和限制饮食摄入是减体重、增加HDL—C水平的最有效方法。     

高蛋白减肥饮食策略探析

快速增长的肥胖发生率正在成为影响公众健康的首要问题，而限制饮食能量摄入和调整营养素比例是控制体重的一个有效措施。高蛋白质饮食能够增加食物生热效应、增加饱腹感以及减少后续的能量摄入，有利于帮助减轻体重和改善体成分，而不会对健康肾脏、骨骼和心血管系统带来损伤     

从女大学生减肥误区谈科学营养膳食和合理运动减肥

本文通过查阅大量的文献资料和实证研究发现目前高校中普遍存在着女大学生希望通过节食甚至禁食来进行减肥。长期以往会对她们的身体造成很大的伤害,甚至引发各类疾病。因此,她们的减肥方法应更多注重于摄入科学合理的饮食：如蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂类物质等誊以及实施合理的运动处方才能达到减肥的驾的。     

步行燃脂分析

<正>步行是最容易开展的锻炼方式之一。它不仅对关节的冲击性低,而且可以在任何地方进行,如社区道路和客厅的跑步机上。步行燃烧的热量也很多,如果结合健康的饮食和生活方式,包括压力管理、充足睡眠和定期锻炼,步行绝对是一种有效的减肥工具。为什么步行是减肥的首选？这种简单的运动方式提供了多种健康益处。步行可以通过增加身体对能量的需求来提高新陈代谢。也就是说,它可以帮助你燃烧热量。任何身体活动都能燃烧热量。人们通过摄入食物吸收能量,     

对大学特殊体型(肥胖)学生减肥健身的研究

本文认为,大学生群体中的肥胖学生的减肥位身活动应通过运动、营养及行为改变三种方式来进行,并制定了运动处方,计算出了每日应活动的强度、耗热量及摄入热量标准。     

"减肥运动处方"对肥胖女大学生身心健康的影响研究

把湖南女子职业大学肥胖女生340人（23≤BMI≤38）分为实验组和对照组。实验组实施＂减肥运动处方＂12周,对照组不进行运动干预,只进行日常活动12周。实验前后分别测量两组6个生理指标（身高、体重、体重指数、腰围、肺活量指数、台阶实验指数）和1个心理指标（SCL-90）,并进行比较。结果表明：1）以有氧运动为主,力量练习为辅并控制饮食的减肥运动处方不但能有效地减少脂肪,适当增加瘦体重,而且心肺功能得到明显的改善,同时对促进肥胖女生塑造健美的体型有很好的作用;2）实施减肥运动处方对肥胖女生心理健康有良好的影响。     

肥胖学生减肥健身初探

对大学生群体中的肥胖学生的减肥健身活动作了初步探索,从为应通过运动、营养及行为改变三种方式来进行,并制定运动处方,估算出每日应活动的强度、耗热及摄入热量标准,寻求一套行之有效的减肥健身办法,并以此作为肥胖学生体育课是否合格的依据。     

人体体重调节与肥胖

人体体重的调节机制包括基因、生理和行为因素。体重的体成分的稳定需要能量摄入与能量消耗相匹配并且应保证营养平衡,肥胖通常伴随高能量消耗率。近来,在啮齿动物体内发现了一个由3个环节构成的能量平衡反馈调节机制。除极少数特例之外,大多数肥胖者血浆中的瘦素水平较高,并与脂肪组织的大小有关。然而,在肥胖者体内并没有观察到预想的调节反应(能量摄入的减少和能量消耗的增加)。因此,肥胖者对内源性的瘦素产生抵抗。人们对是否瘦素信号传导中出现的缺陷会在肥胖的发展中起作用产生极大兴趣,但需进一步研究。目前的资料表明,基因与环境会影响人类倾向于肥胖的摄食行为,高脂肪高能量的饮食会通过刺激相对于需要来说过多的能量摄入而损害体重调节机制。本文将从以上几方面进行综述。     

专家营养专栏

二、老师您好!我是一名运动系学生。现在正是冬训期间,我的体重有上升趋势。请问您,除了节食之外有没有更有效的减重方法?减肥药可以吗?控制体重变化的基本出发点是控制能量平衡。所谓能量平衡就是能量摄入和消耗的平衡。人体每天的能量通过食物的摄取获得,而能量的消耗包括维持基础生命活动所需要的能量、日常活动和各种体力活动所需的能量、进食和代谢转换过程中所需的能量三个部分。当能量摄取大于能量消耗时,体重就会增加;而当能量摄取小于能量消耗时,体重就会降低。对于你来说,避免体重的增加,也就是保     

Energy balance and body composition in sports and exercise

Many athletes, especially female athletes and participants in endurance and aesthetic sports and sports with weight classes, are chronically energy deficient. This energy deficiency impairs performance, growth and health. Reproductive disorders in female athletes are caused by low energy availability (defined as dietary energy intake minus exercise energy expenditure), perhaps specifically by low carbohydrate availability, and not by the stress of exercise. These reproductive disorders can be prevented or reversed by dietary supplementation in compensation for exercise energy expenditure without any moderation of the exercise regimen. Energy balance is not the objective of athletic training. To maximize performance, athletes strive to achieve an optimum sport-specific body size, body composition and mix of energy stores. To pursue these objectives, athletes need to manage fat, protein and carbohydrate balances separately, but it is impractical for athletes to monitor these balances directly, and appetite is not a reliable indicator of their energy and macronutrient needs. To guide their progress, athletes need to eat by discipline and to monitor specific, reliable and practical biomarkers of their objectives. Skinfolds and urinary ketones may be the best biomarkers of fat stores and carbohydrate deficiency, respectively. Research is needed to identify and validate these and other markers.     

低氧运动与减体重

就低氧运动对体重的影响进行综述。研究表明:低氧运动可以通过抑制食欲,降低胃肠道的消化吸收功能来减少能量摄入、提高基础代谢率、提高有氧代谢酶的活性和影响激素分泌来促进代谢,抑制合成,从而达到减体重的目的;并指出减体重的机制、模式和有无副作用是有待研究与探讨的问题。     

饮食干预运动性月经周期紊乱的研究进展

高强度的训练和日益紧张的竞技比赛易造成女运动员运动性月经周期紊乱（EAMD）。而运动性月经周期紊乱不仅与运动训练有关,更与女运动员的饮食摄入相关。能量摄入不足可直接影响女运动员的可利用能量,并损害生殖系统的功能。利用文献法就国内外学者采用饮食干预运动性月经周期紊乱的研究结果进行整合分析,得出饮食干预能增加女子运动员的可利用能量,并改善能量负平衡,其对运动性月经周期紊乱的防治具有一定的意义。     

Energy availability in athletes

This review updates and complements the review of energy balance and body composition in the Proceedings of the 2003 IOC Consensus Conference on Sports Nutrition. It argues that the concept of energy availability is more useful than the concept of energy balance for managing the diets of athletes. It then summarizes recent reports of the existence, aetiologies, and clinical consequences of low energy availability in athletes. This is followed by a review of recent research on the failure of appetite to increase ad libitum energy intake in compensation for exercise energy expenditure. The review closes by summarizing the implications of this research for managing the diets of athletes.     

Morphological and health-related changes associated with a 12-week self-guided exercise programme in overweight adults: a pilot study

Abstract

Over 12 weeks, supervised physical activity (PA) interventions have demonstrated improvements in morphological and health parameters, whereas community walking programmes have not. The present study piloted a self-guided programme for promoting PA and reducing sedentary behaviour in overweight individuals and measured its effect on a range of health outcomes. Six male and 16 female sedentary adults aged 48.5 ± 5.5 years with body mass index (BMI) 33.4 ± 6.3 kg m^?2 were assessed for anthropometric variables, blood pressure, functional capacity, well-being and fatigue. After an exercise consultation, participants pursued their own activity and monitored PA points weekly. At baseline, mid-point and 12 weeks, eight participants wore activity monitors, and all participants undertook a 5-day food diary to monitor dietary intake. In 17 completers, mass, BMI, sit-to-stand, physical and general fatigue had improved by 6 weeks. By 12 weeks, waist, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), diastolic blood pressure, well-being and most fatigue dimensions had also improved. Throughout the intervention, PA was stable, energy intake and lying time decreased and standing time increased; thus, changes in both energy intake and expenditure explain the health-related outcomes. Observed changes in function, fatigue and quality of life are consistent with visceral fat loss and can occur at levels of weight loss which may not be considered clinically significant.     

Energy and carbohydrate for training and recovery

Soccer players should achieve an energy intake that provides sufficient carbohydrate to fuel the training and competition programme, supplies all nutrient requirements, and allows manipulation of energy or nutrient balance to achieve changes in lean body mass, body fat or growth. Although the traditional culture of soccer has focused on carbohydrate intake for immediate match preparation, top players should adapt their carbohydrate intake on a daily basis to ensure adequate fuel for training and recovery between matches. For players with a mobile playing style, there is sound evidence that dietary programmes that restore and even super-compensate muscle glycogen levels can enhance activity patterns during matches. This will presumably also benefit intensive training, such as twice daily practices. As well as achieving a total intake of carbohydrate commensurate with fuel needs, the everyday diet should promote strategic intake of carbohydrate and protein before and after key training sessions to optimize the adaptations and enhance recovery. The achievement of the ideal physique for soccer is a long-term goal that should be undertaken over successive years, and particularly during the off-season and pre-season. An increase in lean body mass or a decrease in body fat is the product of a targeted training and eating programme. Consultation with a sports nutrition expert can assist soccer players to manipulate energy and nutrient intake to meet such goals. Players should be warned against the accidental or deliberate mismatch of energy intake and energy expenditure, such that energy availability (intake minus the cost of exercise) falls below 125 kJ (30 kcal) per kilogram of fat-free mass per day. Such low energy availability causes disturbances to hormonal, metabolic, and immune function.     

Effects of different weight loss intervention programmes in health clubs – an observational multicenter study

This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of three lifestyle intervention programmes in health clubs “exercise only” (E), “exercise plus nutritional counselling” (E?+?NC), and “exercise plus weight loss program” (E?+?WLP) on weight loss under real-life conditions. An observational multicenter study including 788 overweight/obese new customers of 95 health clubs in Germany was performed. Participants chose E (n?=?512, 38?±?14?year, BMI 30.4?±?4.7?kg/m²), E?+?NC (n?=?179, 42?±?14?year, BMI 31.7?±?4.5?kg/m²), or E?+?WLP (n?=?97, 40?±?11?year, BMI 31.6?±?5.1?kg/m²). Anthropometric data, energy expenditure, and energy intake were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. All groups significantly reduced body weight (E: ?1.5?±?2.9?kg, E?+?NC: ?3.4?±?3.6?kg, E?+?WLP: ?5.5?±?4.3?kg, p?p?p?相似文献   

瘦素与运动

瘦素是由脂肪组织分泌的具有增加能量消耗、减少食物摄取、减少体脂、控制体重和调节能量平衡的一种激素,与体脂含量密切相关,其分泌受多种因素影响。急性运动对血中瘦素的影响有不变和下降的不同结果;长期运动训练可降低血瘦素的含量,这是由于体脂量的下降所致。运动对血瘦素的效应存在着延时性。