中学田径教学体能训练方法优化提升创新研究

本文将围绕思想认识不足、技战术训练方法与手段落后、专项体能训练枯燥等方面论述了中学田径教学体能训练存在的主要问题,并指出了中学田径教学体能训练的思路和途径,要加强中学学生体能的专项训练和一般训练,在合理的体能训练计划和体能训练方法下增强体能训练的趣味性,为提高中学田径教学体能训练效果创造条件。     

基于功能诉求的体能训练：功能厘清与诉求整合

通过文献资料法、专家访谈法与逻辑分析法等研究方法,针对体能训练的功能源流与诉求整合进行整理、分析与归纳。研究表明：基于功能诉求的体能训练是功能性体能训练理想表达的一种训练理念;体能训练的功能是客观存在的,而不同训练者对体能训练的诉求是主观的、特定的;基于功能诉求的体能训练在概念上强调了使用者的不同诉求与体能训练皆具功能性的客观体现,是体能训练理论与实践相结合的应有之义。在基于功能诉求的体能训练过程中,体能训练功能与训练者诉求有机结合,平衡、进阶、叠加、专门功能对训练安排、训练内容、训练负荷与方法手段的切实诉求做出应答,以体现基于功能诉求的体能训练理念贯穿运动训练全过程的需要。     

高职院校篮球运动体能训练的现状和优化建议

体能训练有助于篮球运动员身体素质的提高,使篮球技战术得到有效发挥,是篮球运动员训练中必不可少的重要内容。为此,强化体能训练对于篮球运动员运动水平的提高具有重要的意义和价值。基于此,文章分析高职院校篮球运动体能训练的重要性、高职院校篮球运动体能训练的现状,在阐述高职院校篮球运动体能训练应遵循的原则基础上,分别从增强体能训练的重视程度、对体能训练计划进行科学合理制定、对体能训练方法和手段加以调整、构建完善的体能训练评价体系等方面提出对高职院校篮球运动项目体能训练优化的建议。     

短跑运动员体能训练内容与方法学体系的研究

在总结近年来国内外运动员体能的研究成果和现状的基础上,对短跑运动员体能训练内容与方法学体系进行了研究。研究结果表明,短跑运动员体能训练的内容由基础体能训练、专项体能训练和综合体能训练3大部分组成,短跑运动员体能训练的方法学体系包括基础理论与素质方法群、负荷结构训练方法群、环境效应训练方法群、恢复能力训练方法群和综合体能训练方法群5大部分。     

乒乓球运动员的专项体能训练

1.体能训练综述(1)体能训练的发展现状:目前在乒乓球训练中,普遍存在着对体能训练特别是专项体能训练不够重视的现象。很多教练员认为运动员的身体素质与提高技术无关,练技术比练素质重要。在安排体能训练时运动强度小,训练方法单调,造成运动员身体素质差,体能恢复慢,不能承受大运动量的训练和比赛,直接影响了比赛的成绩。(2)体能训练的分类:体能训练分为一般体能训练和专项体能训练。乒乓球的专项身体素质包括速度素质、灵敏素质、力量素质、耐力素质等。2.专项速度素质训练(1)专项速度素质:在乒乓球比赛中,要求判断快、反应快、起动快、挥…     

初中体育教学中加强学生体能训练的探索分析

加强学生体能训练是体育教学的一项重要内容和目标,体能训练需要从体能训练的观念、体能训练的计划、体能训练的心理三大方面来落实。在观念方面要树立科学合理的体育健康观,在计划方面要制定循序渐进的体育运动表,在心理方面要培养积极健康的体育好心态。只有这样才能从耐力、力量、速度等方面把体能训练落到实处,才能真正提高学生的体能,才能促进学生体魄强健。     

体能训练在田径教学中的运用

体能训练是体育教学的重要组成部分,是教学改革的重要内容之一。在课堂教学中,有针对的开展体能训练,对于提高运动员的身体素质,增强速度、力量、耐力等方面起着重要作用^[1]。随着新课改的不断深入,课堂教学对体能训练的重视程度也不断提高,但在体能训练方式、体能训练计划等方面仍存在着很大问题,本文主要通过探讨体能训练的重要性,指出体能训练存在的问题,为运动员的健康发展提供有益借鉴^[2]。     

体能训练方法与手段

在美国,体能训练已经非常成熟和普及,其体能训练理念领跑世界,体能训练器材也是五花八门、层出不穷。在中国,广大教练员和运动员越来越认可体能训练的同时,也面临着对众多器材的选择和使用的困惑。在此介绍一些简单、实用的体能训练手段和方法,以期起到抛砖引玉的作用。一、体能训练的方法力量是体能训练的核心,一提起力量训练大家自然就会想到杠铃和器械,其实力量训练有很多训练手段,虽然练习手段不     

啦啦操高中课程体能训练方式

啦啦操是体育课程中的体育项目,教师在开展啦啦操教学时,不仅会教授他们一些动作、技巧,还会在此期间引导学生进行体能训练。这种情况下,学生会更愿意投入其中,并积极的与教师进行互动,训练的同时还能实现啦啦操的动作创新。为了充分保证在高中体育啦啦操课程中开展体能训练,笔者先对新时代背景下高中体育啦啦操课程开展体能训练的意义进行了分析,然后又从游戏式体能训练、竞赛式体能训练、创新式体能训练以及整体式体能训练的角度出发,对开展体能训练的策略进行了总结。     

现代竞技体育体能训练的几点思考

体能训练是运动员训练的一个基础环节,是将多种训练方法进行有效整合,综合性地应用于体能训练中,并通过加强实践操作,提高对体能训练的控制,最终实现运动员体能水平的提高.运用文献资料法,结合现代竞技体能训练发展和体能训练实际情况,从体能训练本质内涵、支撑学科、重要原则以及科学研究的角度,总结和归纳现代体能训练发展特点和趋势,深入分析研究相关重点问题,旨在帮助广大教练员提高体能训练意识,了解和掌握现代体能训练的发展,提高体能训练的合理性、科学性     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Capoeira for beginners: self-benefit for,and community action by,new Capoeiristas

Capoeira could be defined as a Brazilian martial art and game to be played. This research explored how capoeira play might be considered to facilitate connectedness amongst newly-recruited persons, plus any other ramifications of capoeira involvement. A beginners’ course of capoeira was provided to participants, free of charge, in an English city in the West Midlands—new capoeiristas in a new venue for capoeira. Researchers attended classes to collect/construct overt non-participant observation data. In addition, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with the new capoeiristas post-course. This article explores researchers’ observation fieldnotes and interviewees’ narratives. These qualitative data-driven debates include the concepts: self, identity, escapism, multiparty endeavour, community, temporality, enjoyment, and transcending boundaries. Capoeira is theorised in a fresh manner that highlights social benefits of capoeira—for example as an enjoyable and supportive group endeavour which includes elements of social play and community-building—plus benefits for self that can transcend the boundaries of the class. Findings highlight how capoeira can be considered an inherently multiparty endeavour whereby social actors form, and experience, a community in order to embrace capoeira play. Data suggest capoeira can facilitate group playfulness, joviality, and laughter. Further, capoeiristas can enact and experience—some mode of—escapism via capoeira, whereby new place and pursuit can facilitate hedonistic diversion from the mundane. Capoeira appears to provide adventure and liberation into a relatively unburdened part of, or place in, social life. Corporeal and discursive boundary-empowerment can also be experienced by capoeiristas, fostering positive identity work in the wider world. Capoeira can be argued to facilitate mutuality (e.g. community experience and group work) and egoism (e.g. an individual's identity work) concurrently. This research suggests that modified capoeira for beginners can be beneficial for both the new capoeiristas themselves and for positive community action during and beyond class.     

江苏省高校体育教学现状及对策研究

对江苏省8所高校在校大学生的问卷调查和有关专家、体育教师的访谈发现,江苏省高校体育教学通过多年的改革创新有所提高,但仍然存在一些需要不断改进的方面。大胆改革不受欢迎的课程,普及广受学生喜爱的课程,进一步改进和完善教学形式,改进考核评价方法,是推动高校体育教学、提高大学生体质、培养学生终身体育观的重要途径。     

Forthcoming events

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ‐ patterns and techniques D.E. Voss, M.K. Ionta and B.J. Myers. Harper and Row, Philadelphia, 1985 xxvi + 370 pp, £29.95, ISBN 0 06 142595 8

Science of Stretching M.J. Alter, Human Kinetics, Champaign, Illinois, 1988 xii + 243 pp, $26.00, ISBN 0 87322 090 0     

论初级裁判员临场执法错漏判问题

现代足球比赛是快速、富于竞争、充满激情的竞赛,为了取胜夺标,比赛双方在身体、技术、作风、心理、战术思想的对抗越演越激烈,对抗性已成为现代足球运动发展趋势。同时,对足球裁判员的要求也越来越高,足球裁判员在比赛中判罚的准确性对比赛的顺利进行至关重要。足球裁判员是足球场上的组织者和法官。裁判员的水平直接影响着足球比赛的质量,对犯规准确性的判罚是衡量裁判员水平的标准。本文采用调查访问及问卷调查法,对初级裁判员临场执法的错漏判因素进行探讨。结果发现存在理论与实际判罚脱离、判罚降格处理、红黄牌亮出等等问题。找出不利裁判员准确判罚的因素加以研究,对提高足球裁判员水平有着重要的促进作用。     

Creativity as a developmental resource in sport training activities

The multidimensional concept of creativity has a much wider scope of application than disclosed by prevailing research on sporting creativity. In this area, creativity is mostly perceived, praised, and approached for its performative, in-game benefits. Pointing to the belief that creativity requires well-developed technical skills, this phenomenon is often treated as a performative end. When targeting creative match performances, the developmental and experiential benefits of creative activities may be neglected, and creativity may be reserved for the best offensive players. To nourish and nuance practical and scholastic dialogues, the purpose of this paper is to conceptualize creativity as a developmental resource in sport training activities. This is accomplished by building on and articulating [Shilling, C. (2005). Body in culture, technology and society. London: SAGE] body-sociology, [Gl?veanu, V. P. (2012). What can be done with an egg? Creativity, material objects, and the theory of affordances. The Journal of Creative BehaviorJournal of Creative Behavior, 46(3), 192–208. doi:10.1002/jocb.13, Gl?veanu, V. P. (2016b). The psychology of creating: A cultural-developmental approach to key dichotomies within creativity studies. In The Palgrave handbook of creativity and culture research (pp. 205–223). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-46344-9_10] socio-cultural notions about creativity, and [Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education– an introduction to the philosophy of education. New York, NY: The Free Press.] educational philosophy. Based on these positions, creativity is treated as a dynamic quality of action that is located in the transaction between the player and the specific situation (i.e. affordances, intentions, and norms). Hence, creativity regards the exploratory and playful processes of discovering, exploiting, and originating unusual action possibilities (i.e. acting on unperceived, unexploited, and uninvented affordances). Grounded in these ideas, we argue for the stimulation of creative actions during training, which should not be forgotten when trying to nurture in-game creativity. Essentially, the developmental benefits (e.g. learning and enjoyment) of creativity could apply to all players, at all levels. Among others, creativity may enhance their situated potential (e.g. expanding the boundaries of usual actions; developing the capacity for novel actions). For instance, the exploration of unexploited affordances (i.e. actions normally avoided due to norms) entails broad experiences and may help the players discover novel actions. Moreover, creative activities may develop the players’ capacity to search for, handle, and/or create unexpected, unusual, and novel situations. This is vital for players’ development and performance.     

江苏省农村中学体育与健康校本课程开发现状及策略研究

随着我国新一轮基础教育课程改革的启动,校本课程开发也日益成为人们关注的热点。体育与健康课程是基础教育的一个重要组成部分,因此体育与健康校本课程开发成了课程改革的热点之一。但是,对于我国而言,有关体育与健康校本课程开发的研究还主要集中在城市重点中学,对农村中学的研究尚处于起步探索阶段。然而校本课程是农村中学课程建设的重要环节之一,它是体现农村学校办学特色,与农村经济和社会发展相适应,促进农村学生个性发展和提高农村教师专业素质的重要举措。     

试析2009—2012年排球规则新动向

体育运动的发展离不开规则的不断完善,排球运动亦是如此。探析规则变化后对排球运动的影响是一个很有价值的课题。文章从2009年～2012年排球新规则的几点变化中与2005～2008年的规则进行了对比分析,归纳总结出其中的一些规则修改的发展方向,总结出对于排球运动的几方面的影响。为我国高水平运动队能更好的理解、贯彻和适应新规则修改变化提供相应的理论依据。