农村留守儿童孤独心理及影响因素的调查分析

采用"儿童孤独量表"(CLS)、"儿童社交焦虑量表"(SASC)和"简易应对方式问卷"(SCSQ)对773名农村留守儿童进行调查.结果显示,留守儿童的孤独感较为严重,社交焦虑、孤独感与应对方式彼此都有中等程度的相关;留守儿童的积极和消极应对方式对社交焦虑影响孤独感均具有调节效应;社交焦虑不仅对孤独感有直接预测效用,还通过应对方式产生间接预测效应;消极应对方式对留守儿童的孤独感产生更大的负面作用.分析得出,农村留守儿童孤独心理受到社交焦虑及应对方式的多重影响.     

农村留守儿童孤独心理及影响因素的调查分析

采用"儿童孤独量表"(CLS)、"儿童社交焦虑量表"(SASC)和"简易应对方式问卷"(SCSQ)对773名农村留守儿童进行调查.结果显示,留守儿童的孤独感较为严重,社交焦虑、孤独感与应对方式彼此都有中等程度的相关;留守儿童的积极和消极应对方式对社交焦虑影响孤独感均具有调节效应;社交焦虑不仅对孤独感有直接预测效用,还通过应对方式产生间接预测效应;消极应对方式对留守儿童的孤独感产生更大的负面作用.分析得出,农村留守儿童孤独心理受到社交焦虑及应对方式的多重影响.     

社交焦虑与缺陷感的关系研究——以有留守经历的大学生为例

采用社交回避与苦恼量表、缺陷感量表对201名有留守经历大学生和250名无留守经历大学生进行测量,以研究有留守经历的大学生的社交焦虑、缺陷感现状及社交焦虑与缺陷感的关系。结果发现有留守经历的大学生其社交焦虑的检出率为31%,缺陷感均分为2.96,低于理论中值3;社交焦虑和缺陷感在性别、经济条件方面无显著差异,但在内外向性格上有显著差异,其中内向性格学生社交焦虑和缺陷感比外向性格学生高;有无留守经历大学生在社交回避、社交苦恼和缺陷感方面均有显著差异并达到统计学标准;社交焦虑与缺陷感呈显著负相关。总之,有留守经历的大学生其社交焦虑严重,且社交焦虑与缺陷感与个体的内外向性格有关。学校教育应加强对有留守经历的大学生的关注与帮扶。     

拨开情绪的阴霾——用可操作元认知干预技术解决社交焦虑

社交焦虑是指个体在公开场合或社交情境下,担心被人关注或者评价,害怕自己出丑或举止窘迫,并自我评估为负性,从而体验到紧张和不适,伴有回避行为的心理障碍.社交焦虑在青少年中较为常见,严重影响青少年的心理和社会功能,对青少年的成长和发展较为不利.辽宁师范大学金洪源教授对社交焦虑进行了长期的临床干预研究,开创的元认知心理干预技术取得了较好的干预结果.本文以笔者对一名高中生社交焦虑的干预辅导为例,介绍了元认知技术干预社交焦虑的主要过程,在此基础上,提出一些运用元认知干预技术解决社交焦虑的可操作性建议.     

留守儿童家庭教养方式与社交焦虑的关系研究

采用修订后的看护人教养方式问卷、社交自我知觉问卷、儿童社交焦虑量表对方便取样得到418名农村留守小学生、179名非留守学生进行调查,探讨留守儿童家庭教养方式、社交自我知觉与社交焦虑的关系。结果表明：（1）留守儿童与非留守儿童之间的社交焦虑、社交自我知觉不存在差异,留守儿童的社交自我知觉从五年级开始显著提高。六年级的高社交焦虑组的人数多于四五年级。（2）留守儿童的支持温暖主要来自母亲,惩罚拒绝来自父亲。父辈和祖辈教养介于父母之间。（3）看护人的支持温暖与过分干涉通过社交自我知觉对留守儿童的社交焦虑起部分中介作用。支持温暖与社交自我知觉反向预测社交焦虑,惩罚拒绝、过分干涉正向预测社交焦虑。     

自我意识在留守儿童孤独感与社交焦虑间的中介作用

为探讨自我意识在留守儿童孤独感与社交焦虑间的作用,本研究采用儿童孤独感量表、儿童社交焦虑量表和Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表,对184名留守儿童进行问卷调查。研究结果表明:留守儿童的社交焦虑与孤独感呈显著正相关,孤独感、社交焦虑均与自我意识呈显著负相关;留守儿童的社交焦虑不仅直接影响孤独感,而且通过自我意识的部分中介作用间接影响孤独感。建议重视留守儿童社交焦虑对其孤独感的预测作用;注重自我意识在留守儿童孤独感和社交焦虑之间的作用。     

青少年焦虑情绪原因探究及其干预

焦虑情绪是青少年常见的一种情绪障碍。常见的焦虑情绪主要有,学习焦虑、社交焦虑、环境焦虑、境遇焦虑等。这些情绪产生的原因是复杂的,如人生价值和意义的困惑与迷失、家庭因素影响、传统教育的缺憾及不良引导、青少年思维认知方式的影响等。对此,可以从个体引导、家庭、学校教育、自我调适四个方面进行相应的干预。     

贫困少数民族地区农村留守儿童与非留守儿童的对照研究

目的:了解贫困少数民族地区农村中心小学校五、六年级学生的心理发展状况,对留守儿童与非留守儿童进行对照研究,讨论其自尊、情绪、社会交往差异。方法:采用《自尊量表》、《儿童孤独量表》、《儿童社交焦虑量表》进行调查。结果:留守与非留守儿童在自尊、儿童孤独量表、儿童社交焦虑量表上不存在显著差异。     

社交焦虑个体认知风格的影响因素

社交焦虑个体展现出了特殊的认知风格,那么哪些因素影响此认知风格的形成呢？本文主要从气质、依恋、同伴关系角度具体阐述了其与社交焦虑个体认知特征的关系。大量的研究结果表明,抑制性气质类型、不安全型依恋和不良同伴关系对社交焦虑个体认知风格的形成具有重要的作用。同时,这些研究结论为我们在临床的预防和干预实施起到了重要的促进作用。     

西方心理学关于青少年社交焦虑障碍的研究

社交焦虑障碍是仅次于抑郁症和酒精依赖症的第三大心理障碍。国内对青少年社交焦虑障碍的研究相对较少。文章就西方心理学对青少年社交焦虑障碍研究取得的成果进行述评,并提出了进一步研究的方向,希望对国内开展这方面的研究有所启示。     

大学生社交焦虑的团体认知行为干预方案设计

探讨了认知行为疗法对社交焦虑的干预,并根据美国心理学家Stefan G.Hofmann提出的社交焦虑的认知行为治疗模型,采用演讲暴露、心理教育、认知重建以及现实暴露等认知行为的干预技术,设计出符合我国大学生的社交焦虑的团体干预方案。该团体治疗方案共八次,以切实可行的不断增加难度的演讲暴露为主要暴露方式。实践证明,对于大学生社交焦虑的症状改善具有显著效果,易于推广。     

A coping-oriented group intervention for students waiting to undergo secondary school transition: Effects on coping strategies,self-esteem,and social anxiety symptoms

To facilitate students’ transition into secondary school, a coping-oriented group program was designed. Pre- and posttest data from three intervention groups conducted over the course of 5 weeks were combined for a total of 56 sixth-grade students waiting to undergo school transition. There was also a test–retest control group (n = 26). Results indicate that completion of the intervention led to a significant decrease on scales measuring self-reported social anxiety symptoms. There was also a significant increase in intervention participants’ self-reported self-esteem, likeability, adherence to social rules, and frequency of active coping strategies, compared with the control group. Furthermore, a regression analysis showed that change in the self-reported use of active coping strategies predicted change in social anxiety symptoms for the intervention group. However, no significant change in self-reported use of passive-avoidant coping was observed. We conclude that facilitating effective coping with stress may provide a highly beneficial perspective toward designing transition groups, that may also lead to a significant reduction in social anxiety symptoms in adolescents waiting to undergo secondary school transition.     

Building a just world: the effects of service-learning on social justice beliefs of Chinese college students

This study aimed to examine the effects of different service experiences on the social justice beliefs of 60 Chinese college students with mixed methods. The quantitative results indicated that the participants in two service groups (i.e. for at-risk adolescents and adolescents with cerebral palsy) demonstrated a more significant promotion of social justice beliefs than their peers in non-service group. A qualitative analysis provided evidence of the mechanism underlying service-learning, as well as different service experiences affecting on students’ social justice beliefs. Finally, the implications for implementing service-learning and realizing social justice goals in China were discussed.     

公众演讲焦虑研究综述

介绍了公众演讲焦虑的研究——公众演讲焦虑的流行病学和病理学特点,公众演讲焦虑者的身心反应、认知模式及公众演讲焦虑的干预。流行病学和病理学的研究表明,公众演讲焦虑可能是社交焦虑症的一个独特的亚型。公众演讲焦虑者在演讲前、中、后有其特有的身心反应。演讲时,个体对其负面社会表现的注意偏向以及因此产生的消极自我意象是导致公众演讲焦虑的原因,认知行为疗法(CBT)对公众演讲焦虑有积极的治疗作用。最后探讨了公共演讲焦虑的未来研究方向——扩大取样范围,提高研究对象的代表性,得出更具推广性的研究结论;继续探讨其他因素对公众演讲焦虑的影响并深入、细致地探讨相关深层次问题;探讨结合了虚拟现实环境暴露的认知行为疗法(VRCBT)等新型认知行为疗法等对我国公众演讲焦虑者的治疗效果。     

Secondary school teachers’ perceptions of adolescent social anxiety and learning and development in the classroom

Social anxiety has been linked with adverse consequences for adolescents in education, including low self-efficacy, poor academic attainment and difficulties with social functioning. However, studies have not considered the phenomenon from an educator’s point of view. We set out to explore the perceptions of secondary school teachers concerning socially anxious adolescents and the implications of social anxiety for their learning and development. Seven secondary school teachers in the north west of England took part in semi-structured interviews focused on their lived experiences of supporting socially anxious adolescents. The findings suggest that educators perceive social anxiety to have the potential to be persistent and debilitating, impeding learning and development. The findings also demonstrate that teachers are aware of social anxiety and supportive strategies, but face difficulties in disentangling different anxious behaviours and providing differentiation. Conclusions indicate that recurring professional development and teacher training surrounding anxieties and comorbid behaviour may alleviate negative consequences for learning and development.     

我国留守儿童心理研究现状与展望

留守儿童特指那些因为各种原因造成父母双方或一方流动到其他地区,而孩子留在户籍所在地并因此不能和父母双方共同生活的儿童.我国的留守儿童心理研究主要聚焦于个体心理发展、社会性发展、社会支持和干预训练四个方面.近年来,随着相关研究的增多,我国的留守儿童研究表现出研究内容多样、研究方法由质性向量化转变的特点.但也存在着理论概念不统一、缺乏干预训练和纵向研究,以及研究取向聚焦于留守儿童的问题性等不足.     

学习障碍儿童社会技能研究的新进展

学习障碍儿童社会技能研究主要围绕社会技能缺失、社会技能训练有效性和社会技能研究方法方面进行。社会技能缺失研究主要探讨学习障碍儿童社会技能缺失成因、分类以及社会技能缺失是否是一种学习障碍等问题。影响学习障碍儿童社会技能训练有效性的因素主要包括干预的频率和强度、干预方法、治疗完整度和训练效果的迁移与保持等。社会技能研究方法的研究主要包括对现有社会技能评定量表和测量方法的分析与评价以及对新的社会技能研究方法———最小可觉差法和功能分析法的特征分析和有效性评价。     

我国维护社会稳定形势与危机路径分析

文章对社会稳定进行了内涵界定:它是指社会生活的安定、协调、和谐和有序,是通过政府、社会或人们的自觉干预、控制和调节从而达到的社会生活的动态平衡。从近年来我国发生的主要群体性事件、北京六大"城市病"这2个尺度分析社会稳定。研究认为:1)"北非"与"中国"是2种不同的社会危机路径。中东北非反政府浪潮根源在于制度与发展模式之误。中国社会危机在路径上可逆,在控制程度上可以预防。2)要辩证分析幸福感与社会稳定、社会危机的关系,加强三种自信,在学术上要冷静反思。     

Motivation and Social Relations in School Following a CBT Course for Adolescents With Depressive Symptoms: An Effectiveness Study

The present study aimed to investigate changes in school functioning, including motivation, intentions to quit school and social relations in school, following an early group based CBT intervention implemented for depressed adolescents. The “Adolescent Coping with Depression Course” (ACDC) is such an early group intervention. The primary target group in the present study was 16–20 years old adolescents with subclinical or mild-to-moderate depression. The research design implemented was a pre-post design. Results indicated a strong reduction in depressive symptoms among study participants according to Cohen's criteria, a small to medium improvement in perceived social relations in school, but no change in school motivation and intentions to quit school.     

Helping adolescents with shyness: Applying the Japanese Morita therapy in shyness counselling

Summary Adolescence, being a period of rapid change and development, is often associated with experiences of turmoil and anxiety. Shyness is common as the adolescent attempts to explore boundaries, gain self-knowledge, and form an identity. An approach successful in treating this type of nervous pre-occupation is Morita therapy. This article describes how Morita therapy, in the form of Morita counselling, was applied in treating 12 shy adolescents seen in 3 groups. Four brief counselling sessions were conducted. The aim of treatment was not to rid the adolescent of shyness but to have them experience accomplishment and be productive despite anxiety symptoms. The main concepts presented were: action can be taken despite experiencing anxiety, emotions cannot willfully be controlled but behaviour can be chosen, and shyness is a reflection of greater sensitivity to life and can serve in a positive way. Positive treatment effects were observed on reported cognitive and behavioural measures and verified by behavioural counts documented. In conclusion, the adolescents appeared to have gained a more positive outlook on their shyness and an awareness of personal control through choice of action. By providing a concrete mechanism for approaching the shyness difficulty, Morita counselling, even in a brief number of sessions, has the potential for making an impact on this age group helping to spare them the anguish of social withdrawal and isolation.