产业技术创新战略联盟企业竞合策略研究——基于联盟企业不对称学习能力视角

为了适度引导创新要素及核心知识在产业技术创新战略联盟企业间的良性循环,有效刻画联盟企业间竞争策略与合作策略同时存在的复杂动态关系,以联盟企业不对称学习能力作为切入点,建立产业技术创新战略联盟企业竞合策略选择演化博弈模型,分析演化稳定策略,并在此基础上对部分参数进行数值仿真。研究结果显示：随着相对探索比例的提高,产业技术创新战略联盟的稳定性越高;知识产权系数、协同收益系数以及联盟企业模仿成本的增加,均可以有效抑制联盟企业间竞争的产生,其中协同收益系数的抑制作用更加明显;联盟企业在探索性合作中所占比例的增加、在交易性合作中所占比例的降低以及自身所持有技术专有程度的提高,均增加企业自身发起竞争的概率、减少合作伙伴发起竞争的可能性。     

专用汽车产业集群共性业务资源信息化服务平台开发与应用

结合基于专汽产业集群企业间业务协同技术和资源服务技术的研究,开发支持专汽产业集群业务协同的中小企业信息化服务平台,提升集群的整体素质和水平。所构建的平台功能涵盖专汽企业主要业务范围,为企业提供产品创新设计、协同供应链管理、科技资源共享、生产管理、订单及客户管理、商务平台及成果展示平台等共性业务资源服务,在集群内构建新型分工协作体系,支撑企业产品研发、技术创新和管理创新。     

产业技术创新战略联盟：新时期我国产业共性技术研发的组织模式创新

产业技术创新战略联盟是产学研协同创新背景下促进我国产业共性技术研发,提升我国产业核心竞争力和自主创新能力的有效手段,是具有产业特征的合作研发的新型技术创新组织模式.目前我国产业技术创新战略联盟仍处于政府主导发展的初级阶段,联盟的构建涉及到企业、大学、科研机构等各类主体的合作与竞争的复杂关系,需要正确处理好政府顶层设计与市场机制调节之间的关系以适应我国产业共性技术研发和扩散的需要.     

产业关键共性技术创新的影响机理研究*——基于官产学研混合博弈决策

产业关键共性技术对我国优化新常态产业体系,促进产业转型以及加强自生能力都起到至关重要的战略作用.为弥补在探究创新产业关键共性技术上主体分散单一且契合度不高等学术方面的不足,创新性地将Nash博弈理论与Elinor Ostrom的IAD延伸决策模型相结合,在建立产业关键共性技术创新决策模型的基础上,以官产学研为主体提出假设,并运用二元Logistic回归模型进行数据分析.实证结果显示:官产学研中任何主体进行产业关键共性技术创新的行动决策与企业的最终计划显著相关;产业集群与企业是否创新产业关键共性技术的意愿之间呈负相关;企业技术R&D感知程度和其是否创新产业关键共性技术创新的决策呈正相关;企业的财力、物力和人力状况及对最终结果的预测度与企业是否创新产业关键共性技术具有显著影响.     

产业关键共性技术创新的影响机理——基于官产学研混合博弈决策

产业关键共性技术对我国优化新常态产业体系,促进产业转型以及加强自生能力都起到至关重要的战略作用。为弥补在探究创新产业关键共性技术上主体分散单一且契合度不高等学术方面的不足,创新性地将Nash博弈理论与Elinor Ostrom的IAD延伸决策模型相结合,在建立产业关键共性技术创新决策模型的基础上,以官产学研为主体提出假设,并运用二元Logistic回归模型进行数据分析。实证结果显示:官产学研中任何主体进行产业关键共性技术创新的行动决策与企业的最终计划显著相关;产业集群与企业是否创新产业关键共性技术的意愿之间呈负相关;企业技术RD感知程度和其是否创新产业关键共性技术创新的决策呈正相关;企业的财力、物力和人力状况及对最终结果的预测度与企业是否创新产业关键共性技术具有显著影响。     

政府补贴与高技术产业持续适应性创新演化

持续创新是企业在快速变化的时代下保持自己竞争优势的必然选择。政府补贴激励企业持续技术创新。本研究以同质产品,不同技术创新投入为前提,构建政府补贴政策下,企业持续技术创新行为选择的演化博弈模型,分析系统的演化方向和收敛路径。结果表明：在其他条件不变时,政府的高补贴率会缩短系统达到稳定状态的时间。市场需求曲线斜率的改变对演化的方向和演化路径均会产生影响。市场容量、企业资源禀赋、企业单位生产成本等因素不影响系统演化的方向,但是会改变系统达到稳态所需时间。     

核心企业合作能力、创新网络与产业协同演化机理研究

基于协同演化的视角,本文采用归纳和演绎的方法,在分析合作能力和创新网络构成和演化的基础上,研究核心企业合作能力如何激发创新网络的主动性行为,实现创新网络的不断升级,进而带动相应产业可持续发展的过程和机理。研究结果表明:核心企业合作能力、创新网络和产业发展相互之间存在正向作用关系;核心企业不同的战略取向决定了三者之间不同的协同演化路径。具体而言,核心企业追求适应战略的三者之间的协同演化路径呈现倒U形,核心企业追求稳定战略的三者之间的协同演化路径呈现倒W形,核心企业追求改变战略的三者之间的协同演化路径呈现向上的S形。本文的研究有助于揭开核心企业创新网络更新升级及其基础上产业发展的黑箱。     

产业组织演化动力源研究综述

技术创新是产业组织演化的根本性动力,需求异质和需求条件形成选择性拉动力,具有不同学习能力和技术水平的企业形成异质性推动力,企业与环境互动过程中的正负反馈效应产生适应性驱动力,产业组织演化是关于特定技术知识、市场需求、产业供给和制度环境的动态函数,是各种影响因素相互作用的非线性协同演化结果。     

协同创新网络演化模型及仿真研究——基于类DNA翻译过程

在综合协同创新网络基本属性和独有特质的基础上,通过刻画外界刺激转变过程和网络异质主体行为,构建出以异质性主体为网络要素、以刺激-反应机制为演化机理的协同创新网络类DNA翻译过程模型。运用系统仿真方法,分析了从协同创新网络的拓扑结构变动规律,知识元素和网络拓扑结构的耦合演化关系,网络异质主体的角色作用及主体开放程度与知识流动效率的关系等多个角度渐次深入地分析了协同创新网络演化过程中网络结构变动特点及其与知识元素、主体要素间深层次地交互作用关系。结果表明：协同创新网络发展过程中会多次涌现小世界特性,但程度、原因不尽相同;技术知识和网络结构存在协同演化现象;强势企业始终是协同创新网络的主导;主体开放程度对技术知识流动效率提升幅度有很大影响。强化企业在技术创新中的主体地位,并增强异质性主体间的开放程度,是提高协同创新绩效的有力保障。     

产学研低碳技术协同创新演化博弈研究

低碳技术创新已经成为发展低碳经济的主要手段,而产学研协同创新又是研发低碳技术的有效模式。所以本文在有限理性基础上,通过构建的演化博弈模型,对产学研低碳技术协同创新的演化博弈策略进行分析,最终得到6种情况下的演化稳定策略。然后分析了各个因素对产学研达成低碳技术协同创新的影响,结果表明违约金、协同收益、政府补助、碳排放量差值以及碳排放税对协同创新有正向促进作用,而研发成本和知识溢出效应对协同创新有反向抑制作用,成本分摊比例和收益分配比例的影响是非单向的。最后根据研究结果对促进产学研低碳技术创新提出相应措施及建议。     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.