新兴产业高被引专利的形成特征——以燃料电池为例

以燃料电池这一新兴产业为例,通过对高被引专利技术形成特征的考察,提炼后发国家新兴产业发展的政策建议。研究发现,新兴产业高被引专利是发明者之间相互合作的产物,知识来源更依赖于科学文献,而专利授权数量占优的在位企业并未拥有高被引专利所有权。进一步指出,后发国家新兴产业发展虽有"机会窗口"但无"先天优势",本土企业必须主动嵌入全球研发网络,高度重视与新兴产业发展密切相关的基础研究,积极参与知识产权全球布局和标准制定。     

后发地区发展战略性新兴产业的时机选择与赶超路径

 为转变经济增长方式,摆脱全球价值链低端锁定困境,我国各地正大力推进战略性新兴产业的发展。本文界定了战略性新兴产业的内涵,分析了战略性新兴产业的演化轨迹;进而结合后发地区的赶超能力实情,以平板显示器为例,研究后发地区发展战略性新兴产业的时机选择,以及后发地区发展战略性新兴产业的赶超路径,旨在指引后发地区在新一轮技术变革时期谋取后发优势,实现从全球价值链的俘获型治理状态向均衡型状态的转变。     

后危机时代的战略性新兴产业发展与国家高新区的使命

在产业链全球融合和价值链全球极化的环境下,后危机时代是中国战略性新兴产业崛起的＂机会之窗＂,战略性新兴产业则是国家战略需求与科技资源的对接主体。作为新技术响应战略需求的结果,中国战略性新兴产业的发展需要通过国家战略部署发挥市场需求优势,同时通过整合全球资源弥补科技供给不足。在新的历史时期,国家高新区应成为我国战略性新兴产业培育发展的核心载体,即成为其主要策源地、主要培育平台和关键发展载体,同时高新区管委会应成为产业推进组织,即各种产业组织形式的＂孵化器＂,以加强产业生态系统合力和促进产业链突围。     

新能源和常规能源对经济增长贡献的比较分析——兼论战略性新兴产业的发展

在全球经济衰退凸显的形势下,战略性新兴产业成为了各国用来抑制颓势,进行经济结构调整和产业战略转型的主要手段.本文通过基于能源产业建立新能源和常规能源对经济增长贡献率的计算公式,计算以新能源为代表的战略性新兴产业和以常规能源为代表的普通产业的贡献率.通过对比分析发现整体上以新能源为代表的战略性新兴产业对经济增长的贡献要低于以常规能源为代表的普通产业,但是战略性新兴产业对经济增长贡献的增长速度要远远大于常规产业,可以预计未来我国的经济增长主要依靠战略性新兴产业的贡献.文章认为目前战略性新兴产业贡献率比较低的原因主要是由于战略性新兴产业技术还处于未成熟阶段、缺乏核心技术、产业政策配套不足和技术转化率低等原因.因此,本文认为在政府政策上面应当加大研发投入、完善财税政策、增加战略性新兴产业内需和加强产学研合作.     

全球新一轮产业转移背景下广东新兴产业创新发展路径

发达国家和地区将科技创新作为重塑产业竞争优势的根本手段,全球新一轮产业转移呈现出发达国家积极推进高端制造业回流,并通过主导国际知识产权规则、实施技术封锁等手段制约后发国家新兴产业发展等新特点.在深入分析全球新一轮产业转移新特点的基础上,研究提出以领跑战略和转移策略为核心指引,核心技术、创新人才、平台载体为支撑的闭环新兴产业创新发展路径,并从加强支撑新兴产业源头创新的重大创新平台建设、采取新型举国体制开展产业关键核心技术攻关、做好产业承接与转出推进整体产业层次提升、完善引才服务机制精准引进产业亟需紧缺人才、提高应对科技创新领域国际纠纷能力等方面,提出广东推动新兴产业创新发展的对策建议.     

战略性新兴产业的“中国路径”

战略性新兴产业的本质是科技主导的新兴产业,就其战略性而言,是指能够带动我国经济社会发展并形成国家竞争力的产业;就其新兴性而言,是指以新兴技术为基础且在全球范围内都处于孵化期或成长期的产业。作为一类特殊的产业,战略性新兴产业在未来技术的演化特征、运作模式、发展规律等方面都不同于传统产业,迄今人们对这些独特性规律的认识还很不够,各个部门和区域的战略性新兴     

新兴产业军民两用技术融合研究及对广东的启示建议

从技术转移的基本理论入手,对现有军民两用技术融合的研究成果进行回顾,讨论在当前全球产业变革加速和国内加快实施创新驱动发展战略的背景下军民两用技术融合的重大意义,提出在新兴产业领域加快推进军民两用技术融合的观点。并基于广东战略性新兴产业的发展现状,对广东如何抓住新兴产业的发展契机以促进军民两用技术融合提出具体的对策建议。     

生物质液体燃料及其专利保护现状

生物质液体燃料是我国重点发展的战略性新兴产业——新能源的一种重要形式,国家相关规划都对其提出了具体的发展要求。本文从专利保护的角度分析了对各种生物质液体燃料在全球、尤其是在中国的技术和市场状况,从专利的角度为我国生物质液体燃料的研发与专利布局提供支撑服务。     

生物质液体燃料及其专利保护现状简

生物质液体燃料是我国重点发展的战略性新兴产业——新能源的一种重要形式,国家相关规划都对其提出了具体的发展要求。本文从专利保护的角度分析了对各种生物质液体燃料在全球、尤其是在中国的技术和市场状况,从专利的角度为我国生物质液体燃料的研发与专利布局提供支撑服务。     

加快推进战略性新兴产业发展的对策思考

当前,发展战略性新兴产业已成为各主要发达国家和新兴国家经济政策的焦点,战略性新兴产业的发展和壮大决定未来国家的整体竞争优势。本文针对我国战略性新兴产业发展现状,提出如何加快推进战略性新兴产业发展的对策思考。     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.