不同强度运动对高脂饮食大鼠脂代谢影响

目的:探讨不同强度运动对高脂饮食大鼠脂代谢的影响。方法:8周龄雄性SD大鼠32只随机分为对照组(C组)、高脂喂养组(HF组)、有氧运动高脂喂养组(E组)、大强度运动高脂喂养组(HE组),每组8只。E组大鼠采用无负重游泳训练,HE组大鼠采取5%体重负重游泳训练,共8周,60min/d,6d/w。训练末次称重并取大鼠血液进行血脂4项及全身脂肪含量测定。结果:与C组相比,HF组大鼠体重及全身脂肪含量明显增加,血TC、TG、LDL-C明显升高,HDL-C明显降低,并具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。E组、HE组体重、血脂4项、全身脂肪含量与C组比无明显差异。HE组全身脂肪及血脂4项高于E组。结论:有氧运动更有利于预防高脂饮食引起的脂代谢紊乱。     

游泳运动对大鼠体脂及血脂的影响

目的:研究运动强度对大鼠体重、血脂变化。方法:实验分为,阴性对照组(C,n=10),低强度游泳组(SL,n=10,初始运动总时间为10分钟),高强度游泳组(SH,n=10,初始运动总时间为45分钟),运动组大鼠训练12周,5次/周,前2周以较低强度适应性训练10分钟,后10周按低和高强度训练;结论:持续12周不同强度大鼠游泳运动,体重和体脂比结果显示:C组大鼠体重和体脂比均高于SL组、SH组,存在显著差异性(P<0.01),从体脂比可以判断,安静组大鼠肥胖程度明显高于运动组大鼠,这可能是运动消耗摄食的能量,使大鼠的体重保持了正常的增长速度;C组大鼠血清中TC、TG、HDL、LDL都发生显著改变,与肥胖大鼠存在血脂异常相一致,肥胖会导致高血糖、高血脂等症状的出现。SH组和SL组大鼠血脂含量与C存在差异性,且随着训练强度的加大,12周的游泳运动对改变大鼠血脂的变化非常明显。SH组的血脂指标低于SL,说明持续12周、高强度的游泳运动更能抵抗脂代谢紊乱的作用。     

高氧恢复对低氧训练大鼠骨骼肌SDH和MDH活性的影响

探讨在进行低氧训练后,吸高浓度氧对大鼠骨骼肌琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活性的影响.将雄性SD大鼠38只随机分为常氧运动组(A)、低氧运动组(B)、常氧运动高氧恢复组(C)、低氧运动高氧恢复组(D),分别进行常氧训练、低氧训练和高氧恢复.4周后测试大鼠骨骼肌SDH和MDH的活性.结果发现,经过4周的实验.高氧恢复干预组大鼠的SDH、MDH活性要比单纯运动或低氧运动组大鼠的活性高,且常氧运动高氧恢复组SDH、MDH活性均显著高于对应的常氧运动组;低氧运动高氧恢复组MDH活性显著高于低氧运动组;而低氧运动组SDH、MDH的活性要高于对应的常氧运动组,且低氧运动组MDH活性显著高于常氧运动组.结果表明,4周低氧训练比常氧训练在提高大鼠股四头肌SDH和MDH活性方面有一定优越性,而在低氧训练和常氧训练后进行高浓度氧恢复则更能显著地提高大鼠股四头肌SDH和MDH的活性.     

茶多酚及耐力运动对高脂膳食大鼠肝细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨茶多酚及耐力运动对高脂膳食大鼠肝脏细胞凋亡的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠64只,随机分为2个大组,即安静组和运动组;每个大组再各分为4个小组:对照组(A、E)、高脂膳食组(B、F)、高脂膳食+低剂量茶多酚组(C、G,150 mg/kg体重)和高脂膳食+高剂量茶多酚组(D、H,300 mg/kg体重)。运动组进行每天1次60 min的耐力运动训练,6周后取肝脏组织,常规HE染色观察肝脏组织结构的变化,免疫组织化学法观察凋亡蛋白表达的差异,原位细胞凋亡法(TUNEL)检测凋亡指数的不同。结果:HE观察显示,安静状态下高脂膳食导致大鼠肝脏细胞出现明显的脂肪性变,茶多酚补充及耐力运动都使脂肪性变得到改善,高剂量茶多酚组优于低剂量组,二者联合作用后,大鼠肝脏细胞结构基本恢复正常。安静状态下高脂膳食组大鼠肝细胞Bax/Bcl-2与对照组比较显著增大;茶多酚补充使Bax表达水平降低,但对Bcl-2的表达没有影响,Bax/Bcl-2比高脂膳食组显著降低;6周耐力运动促使高脂膳食大鼠肝细胞Bax及Bcl-2的表达水平下降,Bax/Bcl-2与高脂膳食安静组没有差异;耐力运动联合茶多酚作用后,使高脂膳食大鼠肝细胞Bax及B...     

有氧运动对高胆固醇血症小鼠血浆内皮素及血脂的影响

目的:探讨有氧运动对高胆固醇血症内皮素及血脂的影响。方法:C57BL/6J随机分成3组:正常对照组(NC),高脂膳食组(AS),高脂膳食加有氧运动组(HE)。其中HE组每周5天游泳训练,60min/日,持续8周。检测各组血脂(TC、TG、HDL、LDL),放射免疫法检测血浆中ET水平。结果:AS组TC、TG、LDL较NC组明显升高(P<0.05),HDL较NC组明显降低(P<0.05),而HE组较AS组TC、TG、LDL明显降低,HDL较AS组明显升高(P<0.05);血浆中的ET水平,AS组较NC组明显升高(P<0.05),HE组较AS组明显降低(P<0.05);ET-1浓度与LDL呈正相关。结论:有氧运动能够影响血脂代谢,提高HDL水平,降低LDL水平;有氧运动通过降低LDL影响血浆中ET的水平,对高胆固醇血症、动脉粥样硬化的内皮细胞内分泌功能方面产生有益影响。     

一次性运动对肥胖大鼠脂肪组织HSL和Perilipin基因表达及血脂的影响

目的研究一次性运动对肥胖大鼠脂肪组织HSL和perilipin 基因表达及血脂的影响.方法3周龄SD雄性大鼠,给予10周高脂饲料,建立高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠模型.随机分为安静对照组(EC),运动后即刻(E0)、1 h组(E1)、3 h组(E3)、12 h组(E12)和24 h组(E24).用化学法测试血糖、血清甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHOL)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C);用实时荧光定量PCR法测试HSL和perilipin基因表达.结果与对照组相比,运动后大鼠血糖、血清TG和CHOL水平明显降低或有降低趋势;运动后E0、E1和E3组HSL基因表达明显增加,而运动后E1、E12和E24组大鼠perilipin基因表达显著下调.结论一次性运动导致肥胖大鼠运动后血糖、血脂改善,可能与其脂肪组织HSL基因表达上调以及perilipin基因表达下调有关.     

PPARα与运动改善肥胖大鼠心肌细胞脂质代谢的实验研究

目的观察运动后肥胖大鼠血脂、心肌游离脂肪酸(FFA)含量及心肌肥厚变化来探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)与运动改善肥胖大鼠心肌细胞脂质代谢的关系。方法SD大鼠购入后喂养1周后随机分为3组,即正常对照组(NC)、肥胖对照组(OC)、肥胖运动组(OE),OC、OE组均给予12周高脂饮食建立肥胖模型,OE组同时进行12周游泳训练后测定心脏质量指数,分别采用酶法和铜显色法检测血脂、心肌FFA含量,Western-Blot方法检测心肌PPARα的蛋白含量。经过数据处理,组间差异采用LSD法进行比较分析。结果OC组大鼠血脂、心脏质量指数及FFA含量较NC组明显增加。OE组大鼠血脂、心脏质量指数及FFA含量较OC组明显降低,而心肌PPARα含量较OC组显著增加。结论高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠存在血脂代谢紊乱、左室肥厚现象,运动有效降低肥胖大鼠血脂和心肌细胞FFA含量,使心肌PPARα蛋白含量增加,心肌肥厚程度减轻,可能与PPARα参与运动调节肥胖大鼠心肌细胞的脂质代谢过程有关。     

有氧运动上调饮食性高脂血症大鼠肝脏LCAT mRNA 的表达

胆固醇的逆向转运(RCT)在防止动脉粥样硬化(AS)的发生和发展中起重要作用,卵磷脂胆固醇酯酰转移酶(LCAT)是此过程的关键酶。该研究通过建立高脂高胆固醇膳食诱导SD大鼠高脂血症的实验动物模型和有氧运动训练模型,用RT-PCR方法测定高脂膳食和有氧运动对肝脏LCAT mRNA表达的影响。结果提示：高脂膳食在转录水平有下调肝脏LCAT表达的作用,而有氧运动可以有效地对抗此作用;限制饮食和运动干预对高脂血症也有一定的改善作用,使肝脏LCAT mRNA表达量增加。     

高住低训对运动员身体成分的影响

为了确切了解运动员在高住低训过程中身体成分的变化,本研究将14名大学生分为:高住低训组(HiLo组)和高住对照组(Hi c组),每组7人,每天低压低氧(2500m模拟高度)暴露12小时。HiLo组每天在常压常氧环境下进行一次3000m跑训练;Hi c组在实验期间不进行任何运动训练。实验为期4周。结果表明,高住低训组体重、体脂重量和体脂百分比明显下降(P<0 05),其他指标稍有降低,但变化不明显(P>0 05)。高住对照组体重、体脂重量、体脂百分比明显下降(P<0 05),其他指标几乎没有变化。模拟高住低训组和高住对照组体重明显降低,瘦体重和肌肉重量无明显变化,而体脂重量和体脂百分比明显降低,说明体重的降低是体脂重量降低的结果。本实验采用的高住模型对蛋白分解作用无明显影响,但机体却选择性利用脂肪供能。而2500m间歇低氧暴露结合训练具有轻微的促蛋白分解效应。     

力竭性运动对"高住低训"小鼠脑部HIF-1α蛋白表达及NOS/NO的影响

目的:旨在探讨"高住低训"下力竭运动对小鼠大脑内HIF-1蛋白表达和NOS/NO系统的影响。方法:30只4周雄性小鼠随机分成5组,常氧对照组(NC)、常氧训练组(NT)、低氧对照组(HC)、高住低训组(HT)、高住低训注射药物CHX组(HTC),每个训练组分别进行9周每天1h的游泳训练,最后一次力竭运动后断头处死,比较常压有氧训练和模拟"高住低训"的小鼠大脑HIF-1蛋白表达和NOS活性和NO含量的变化。结果:"高住低训"组与常压常氧训练组比较,HIF-1表达量明显减少,cNOSi、NOS活性明显提高,NO含量明显增加。结论:"高住低训"组小鼠大脑组织逐渐适应了低氧刺激。     

低氧条件下耐力运动对大鼠血脂代谢的影响

实验选取雄性SD健康大鼠40只,随机分为4组,即常氧安静组、常氧运动组、低氧安静组、低氧运动组。常氧运动组每天在常氧动物跑台上以25 m/min、60 min/d、6 d/w运动;低氧运动组每天在相当于海拔2 500 m低氧动物跑台上以20 m/min、60 min/d、6 d/w运动,其余时间在低氧环境下居住。实验4 w之后采样测试指标,低氧运动组与常氧运动组比较,血甘油三酯浓度、血浆总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇下降幅度和高密度脂蛋白上升幅度、血清脂蛋白脂肪酶和骨骼肌脂蛋白脂肪酶的活性提高都更明显,提示低氧运动改善血脂代谢状态比常氧运动更为有效,更有利于外周组织胆固醇的清除,对防治动脉粥样硬化也更为有效。     

Effect of a marathon run on serum lipoproteins, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase in recreational runners

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a marathon run on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and serum muscle enzyme activities and follow their recovery after the run. These blood concentrations were measured before, immediately after, and serially after a marathon run in 15 male recreational runners. The triglyceride level was significantly elevated postrace, then fell 30% below baseline 1 day after the run, and returned to baseline after 1 week. Total cholesterol responded less dramatically but with a similar pattern. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol remained significantly elevated and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was transiently reduced for 3 days after the run. The total cholesterol/high-density cholesterol ratio was significantly lowered for 3 days. Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity significantly doubled postrace and then declined but remained elevated for 2 weeks. Serum creatine kinase activity peaked 24 hr after the run, with a 15-fold rise, and returned to baseline after 1 week. The rise of these enzymes reflects mechanically damaged muscle cells leaking contents into the interstitial fluid. It is concluded that a prolonged strenuous exercise bout in recreational runners, such as a marathon, produces beneficial changes in lipid blood profiles that are significant for only 3 days. However, muscle damage is also evident for 1 week or more from the dramatic and long-lasting effect on enzyme levels. Laboratory values for these runners were outside normal ranges for some days after the race.     

含铬螺旋藻对肥胖大鼠体重及体脂的影响

为研究含铬螺旋藻对高脂高能量诱导的大鼠单纯性肥胖的体重和体脂的影响,本文以30只成年SD大鼠为对象,适应喂饲一周后,将其随机分为对照组(10只),高脂组(10只)和实验组即含铬螺旋藻组(10只)。饲养六周后处死。实验结果表明：六周高脂高能量膳食后,对照组和实验组体重和李氏指数无显著差异,高脂组体重和李氏指数显著高于实验组和对照组;高脂组TC、TG、LDL均高于实验组,TC、LDL值有显著性意义,TG值无显著性意义。提示高脂高能量所诱导大鼠单纯性肥胖和高脂血症以高胆固醇血症为主,含铬螺旋藻能明显改善由高脂高能量诱导的大鼠单纯性肥胖和高脂血症。     

Effect of a Marathon Run on Serum Lipoproteins,Creatine Kinase,and Lactate Dehydrogenase in Recreational Runners

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a marathon run on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and serum muscle enzyme activities and follow their recovery after the run. These blood concentrations were measured before, immediately after, and serially after a marathon run in 15 male recreational runners. The triglyceride level was significantly elevated postrace, then fell 30% below baseline 1 day after the run, and returned to baseline after 1 week. Total cholesterol responded less dramatically but with a similar pattern. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol remained significantly elevated and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was transiently reduced for 3 days after the run. The total cholesterol/high-density cholesterol ratio was significantly lowered for 3 days. Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity significantly doubled postrace and then declined but remained elevated for 2 weeks. Serum creatine kinase activity peaked 24 hr after the run, with a 15-fold rise, and returned to baseline after 1 week. The rise of these enzymes reflects mechanically damaged muscle cells leaking contents into the interstitial fluid. It is concluded that a prolonged strenuous exercise bout in recreational runners, such as a marathon, produces beneficial changes in lipid blood profiles that are significant for only 3 days. However, muscle damage is also evident for 1 week or more from the dramatic and longlasting effect on enzyme levels. Laboratory values for these runners were outside normal ranges for some days after the race.     

Effects of Exercise and Milk Consumption on Blood Serum Cholesterol in Rats

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of exercise on blood cholesterol and correlated those effects with estimates of body fat through experiments with 45 albino weanling rats (15 litter mate trios). The rats were confined to individual cages in a temperature-controlled room and fed a stock diet until they were 11 weeks old. At this time the trios were divided. Group A was continued on a stock diet and exercised for an hour in the morning and an hour in the afternoon by forced swimming. Group B was subjected to the same exercise but a portion of the stock diet was replaced with powdered whole milk, so that 30 percent of the caloric intake was derived from the whole milk supplement. Group C was fed the stock diet but activity was restricted. After 15 weeks blood samples were taken, the animals sacrificed, and the heart and adrenals weighed. The specific gravity of the carcass was also determined. Exercise resulted in a statistically significant decrease in total and free blood serum cholesterol concentration. These animals were also leaner and had larger hearts and adrenal glands. Serum cholesterol was negatively related to carcass specific gravity. The milk supplement had no significant effect on any of these measures. Several possible explanations for the effects of exercise on blood cholesterol are discussed.     

太极拳锻炼对在职警察血脂和血管壁弹性的影响效果

研究目的:探究太极拳锻炼对警察血脂和血管壁弹性的影响效果。研究方法:在哈尔滨市区内招募在职警察105名,随机分为太极组、快走组和对照组,分别于实验前、实验24周后,分别采用Gp O-p Ap法、化学发光法、酶法和浊度法测定血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL);采用科林全自动动脉硬化测定仪,进行踝肱指数(ABI)与肱踝脉搏波传导速度(bapWV)的测量。研究结果:实验24周后,太极组TC含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白比值(TC/HDL)显著低于对照组和快走组(P<0.05);快走组TC/HDL显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。太极组两侧bapWV非常显著低于对照组(P<0.01),快走组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究结论:太极拳锻炼在降低在职警察的总胆固醇含量、总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白比值,以及肱踝动脉的脉搏波传导速度方面优于快走运动,能够有效降低动脉粥样硬化、冠心病等心血管疾病的发生几率。     

健身瑜伽对中老年知识分子血脂代谢影响的实验研究

为探索健身瑜伽对中老年知识分子健身防病的作用,测量中老年知识分子在瑜伽锻炼前后血脂、脂蛋白及载脂蛋白等指标的变化情况,探讨健身瑜伽对老年知识分子血脂代谢的影响.结果显示,瑜伽锻炼后的甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),均低于锻炼前(P<0.05),高密度蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白AI(ApoAl)、抗动脉粥样硬化指数(HDL-C/TC)和载脂蛋白A1与载脂蛋白B的比值(ApoAl/ApoB)显著高于锻炼前(P＜05);载脂蛋白B(ApoB)略有下降,但无显著差异(P>0.05).研究表明:长期瑜伽锻炼对增强中老年知识分子体质,防治血脂异常和动脉粥样硬化,有效地降低心血管疾病危险性,延缓衰老具有一定的作用.     

运动对高胆固醇饮食小鼠主动脉脂质沉积影响的透射电 镜观察

目的：建立高胆固醇饮食诱导动脉粥样硬化（AS）小鼠模型，透射电镜观察有氧运动对高胆固醇饮食小鼠主动脉壁的影响。方法：C57BL/6J(C57B6)小鼠19只，随机分为高胆固醇饮食对照组（n=10）和高胆固醇饮食运动组（n=9），实验为期12周。取主动脉以醋酸铀及柠檬酸盐染色，进行透射电镜观察。结果：高胆固醇饮食对照组小鼠主动脉内皮及中膜平滑肌损伤严重，而运动组病变轻微。结论：运动可减少或防止高胆固醇饮食小鼠主动脉高血凝状态，并能明显地减少胆固醇的沉着及其相关病损。     

麦西来甫-木卡姆练习对维吾尔族肥胖妇女脂肪细胞因子、胰岛素和免疫球蛋白含量的影响

研究目的:探讨麦西来甫-木卡姆练习对维吾尔族肥胖妇女瘦素、脂联素、胰岛素含量、血脂成份、体成份及免疫球蛋白含量的影响.方法:39名维吾尔族肥胖妇女(48.67±2.38岁)随机分成运动组(n=20)及对照组(n=19),运动组进行24周麦西来甫-木卡姆练习(每周4次,每次60～80 min),对比实验前后各项指标的变化.结果:24周规律性的麦西来甫-木卡姆练习后运动组血清瘦素、胰岛素、TG、TC和LDL-c,以及体脂百分比(BF％)、腰臀比(WHR)、体指数(BMI)都有显著或极显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),HDL-c、脂联素及IgG,IgM,IgA都有显著或极显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:24周麦西来甫-木卡姆练习可以有效改善肥胖患者血脂成份、体成份和脂肪细胞的分泌机能,并使“瘦素抵抗”、“胰岛素抵抗”及“脂联素脱敏”状态得到纠正,提高肥胖患者免疫能力,具有较高的健身功效.     

Effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise on body composition,glycaemic and lipid profile and aerobic capacity of obese rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session on body composition, and glycaemic and lipid profile in obese rats. Sixteen lean Zucker rats and sixteen obese Zucker rats were randomly divided into exercise and sedentary subgroups (4 groups, n = 8). Exercise consisted of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session. The animals trained 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Body composition, lipid and glycaemic profiles and inflammatory markers were assessed.

Results showed that fat mass was reduced in both lean and obese rats following the exercise training (effect size (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 1.8 (0.5–3.0)). Plasma low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol and fasting glucose were lower in the exercise compared to the sedentary groups (d = 2.0 (0.7–3.2) and 1.8 (0.5–3.0), respectively). Plasma insulin was reduced in exercise compared to sedentary groups (d = 2.1 (0.8–3.4)). Some exercise × phenotype interactions showed that the highest decreases in insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, fasting and postprandial glucose were observed in the obese + exercise group (all, P < 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise would improve body composition, and lipid and glycaemic profiles, especially in obese rats.