美国学前教育质量认证研究——以全美幼教协会《早教项目标准及认证指标》为例

全美幼教协会（NAEYC）的早教项目认证是高质量学前教育的一个标志,以提高早教项目的质量为目标,认证体系设计了十项认证标准,建立了科学的四步认证流程,并提供了丰富的支持认证的资源。高水平的质量认证是学前教育健康发展的保证,借鉴美国的早教项目认证体系,我们应该关注学前教育质量评估的全面性、发展性,强化质量评估的支持环境建设,以推动我国学前教育质量的提升。     

An evaluation model for innovative individualized programs

Program evaluation may be described as a tri-level process. At one level there is diagnostic and developmental evaluation of the learners. At a second level, there is evaluation of the program against its own objectives. And, at a third level, there is evaluation of the program as compared against a criterion program. Traditional programs can be evaluated successfully at each of three levels. However, innovative programs present obstacles to effective evaluation at two levels: (I) learner diagnostic and development; (II) and, (III) relative program effectiveness. It is only at Level II, where the innovative program is judged against its own objectives, that traditional evaluation methods are productive.The purpose of this paper is to describe the tri-level process model used in the evaluation of an innovative secondary program and to discuss the deficits of the model as suggested by the case study reported here. In addition, implications for the evaluation of innovative programs is discussed against a background of the Tyler (1971) model for instructional evaluation.     

The Case for ACES Program Accreditation

This article traces the historical development of professional standards and highlights some of the issues that have surfaced in the development process. Traditional and existing accreditation procedures are described as well as recent trends in national accreditation that may be conducive to ACES-sponsored accreditation of preparation programs. State models of program accreditation by California ACES and Wisconsin ACES are described. The relationship between program accreditation and counselor licensure is discussed, and the implication is drawn that licensure may be the catalyst for professional-program accreditation. It is concluded that ACES is the most appropriate professional association to assume leadership in the area of accreditation, and a series of recommendations is made for implementing accreditation.     

CACREP Accreditation Intentions

The authors discuss results of a national survey, conducted by the AACD Committee for Standards Review, of counselor preparation programs regarding their intentions related to CACREP accreditation. Programs were separated into four groups: Group 1—programs that held CACREP accreditation; Group 2—programs with definite intentions of seeking CACREP accreditation; Group 3—programs that were uncertain whether they would pursue CACREP accreditation; and Group 4—programs that did not anticipate seeking CACREP accreditation. Data were analyzed for patterns of response across groups. Size and type of program and reasons central to program decisions concerning accreditation provided focus for the study. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

Issues in quality education and the evaluation of nontraditional graduate programs

The traditional hallmarks of quality graduate education may be few but they are powerful. Graduate schools are seen by most academics as fixed entities with no viable alternatives. Accreditation associations, while claiming flexibility, often represent these traditional interests. Ultimately, few institutions, including the traditional, view accreditation with enthusiasm. Is accreditation worth the effort for nontraditional graduate institutions? Despite the weaknesses of the process, nontraditional graduate programs should seek full accreditation. Recognition is likely if, among other suggestions, nontraditional programs don't overpromise and do identify their program design with conceptual clarity.     

Suggestions for Utilizing the 2008 EPAS in CSWE-Accredited Baccalaureate and Masters Curriculums—Reflections from the Field,Part 2: The Implicit Curriculum

This article is Part 2 in a 2-part series discussing the new guidelines for Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS) issued in April 2008 by the Council on Social Work Education. The 2008 EPAS shifted the focus of assessment for accreditation or reaffirmation from the evaluation of program objectives to assessment of educational outcomes and student achievement of practice competencies. Because major accreditation challenges for social work programs derive from the 2008 EPAS, this article continues the discussion of a model for sequencing accreditation tasks that began in Volume 30, Issue 2 of this journal. In this article, Part 2, the authors discuss the program's implicit curriculum and its assessment under the 2008 EPAS. The articles in this 2-part series are intended to be companion pieces.     

美、英、德工程教育认证的比较与借鉴

专业认证是保证高等教育质量的主要方式之一。以工程教育评估为例,概述美、英、德三国工程专业认证情况,归纳美、英、法三国工程教育认证的共同点,并对我国工程教育评估的未来发展提出建议。     

Computing Sciences Accreditation: A Cooperative Effort in CIS

The Computing Sciences Accreditation Board has accredited 65 programs since 1985. This accreditation has helped to define the field and the computer science profession. The information systems discipline is following much of the historical pattern of computer science. A review of recent efforts to establish accreditation standards for information systems is presented and a draft set of criteria are discussed. Alternative forms of accreditation, institutional vs. programmatic, are presented and discussed in the context of the history of computer science accreditation efforts. This effort is intended to stimulate discussion within the information systems community.     

The accreditation plus model

Summary Evaluation of teacher education became a major thrust of a Center for Excellence in teacher education when the Tennessee Higher Education Commission (THEC) established the project in 1986. A major accomplishment in the project was realized when the Accreditation Plus Model was amalgamated for the project's evaluation approach. A-Plus! Thorough study of existing evaluation approaches were convincing. No one approach seemed capable of doing the task. At the same time it seems ludicrous to create a new evaluation approach to add to the existing 40 or so models.As an evaluation form, Accrediatation Plus has a long history. It goes back to 1895 when staff members of the University of Michigan tried to determine the quality of secondary schools to decide whose graduates ought to be readily admitted into the University of Michigan. At the start (in the late 1890s), accreditation focused on program evaluation. The evaluation need in the work of the Center for Teacher Education Evaluation was the same—the quality assessment of education programs.The idea of eclecticism moves in the same general direction. By recognition that accreditation is not the be all and end all in evaluating teacher education programs, the Center keeps open the use of any/all the existing models in an application of the Accreditation Plus Model. Eclecticism means selecting what appears to be the best in various doctrines, methods, or styles. It also means being composed of elements drawn from the various sources. In selecting A-Plus as the evaluation approach for the project, we capitalize on a long and effective history supplemented by the best of the current crop.Figure 1 represents the evaluation of teacher education using the accreditation approach. It describes the model's components and in some places, the relationships of those elements. The Center's staff is working to detail further the elements of the accreditation approach to evaluation. Questions and comments are welcomed as we move further with this work.now on Sabbatical     

Suggestions for Utilizing the 2008 EPAS in CSWE-Accredited Baccalaureate and Masters Curriculums—Reflections from the Field,Part 1: The Explicit Curriculum

In April 2008, the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) issued new guidelines for Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS). The 2008 EPAS shift the focus of assessment from the evaluation of program objectives to assessment of educational outcomes and student achievement of practice competencies. Major accreditation challenges for social work programs derive from the 2008 EPAS involving sequencing the assessment tasks, and developing accurate and useful instruments. This article is Part 1 of a 2-part series presenting a model for sequencing curriculum accreditation and reaffirmation tasks. In this Part 1, the explicit curriculum is explored including multiple measures to assess the extent to which students are achieving practice behaviors (as indicators of core social work competencies). Part 2 of this discussion, focused on the implicit curriculum, will appear in the next issue of the Journal of Teaching in Social Work (Vol. 30, Issue 3).     

Measuring the Impact of Professional Accreditation on Student Experiences and Learning Outcomes

This research uses a conceptual model to examine the influence of a change in accreditation standards on a representative national sample of 203 engineering programs at 40 institutions. Based on data collected from more than 140 program chairs, 1,200 faculty, 4,300 graduates of 2004, and 5,400 graduates of 1994, the study investigates the differential impact of the change in accreditation standards on programs reviewed in different years during the period of transition. Despite significant variation across most of the measures and groups in 1994 (before the introduction of the new accreditation criteria), the 2004 evidence demonstrates a surprisingly uniform level of student experiences and outcomes. These findings suggest that engineering accreditation is beginning to accomplish its quality assurance goals. This is a revised version of a research paper presented at the meeting of the Association for Institutional Research, May 17, 2006, Chicago, IL.     

关于中国工程专业认证的所见所思

中国工程专业认证经过多年的试点,已经逐步走上健康发展的快车道.本文阐述中国工程专业认证的使命,认证的组织,认证标准,认证程序和办法,近年试点工作的情况和特点,辨析认证组织和认证工作的基本属性,以及专业认证与相关问题的关系.     

Accreditation of engineering education: review,observations and proposal for global accreditation

In engineering education, the accreditation and assessment of academic programmes is vital in order to maintain the quality and the status of engineering graduates, and hence the technical workforce. Results of a survey of the relevant literature and observations indicate that various accreditation models have been developed regionally, as well as internationally but most of these models seem to be non-uniform, too complex, non-transparent and, moreover, non-precise. This leads to confusion and growing concerns about the mutual recognition and global mobility of the engineering profession. As a result, there is an urgent need for a systematic global model of engineering accreditation that can be used to assess global professional skills and attributes of engineering graduates. The aim of the current paper is to present a brief review of existing accreditation systems implemented in engineering education worldwide as well as to describe the methodology for developing a global accreditation model in engineering education. Various existing accreditation models in engineering education are briefly discussed in this paper and the strengths and weaknesses of these models are outlined and presented. The need for the global accreditation model has been justified and the methodology for the development of the model is outlined with its advantages listed in the paper.     

加拿大合作教育项目认证及其启示

本文就加拿大合作教育协会认证委员会对该国高等教育机构合作教育项目的认证流程、认证内容和认证指标等进行了研究。研究认为其认证过程由认证委员会负责;认证内容涵盖了合作教育项目的参与主体、运作过程以及保障制度等方面;认证指标与认证内容契合度高,兼有定量和定性指标,操控性强。并就此建议我国合作教育项目在未来的发展中,要树立系统认证意识,着力建立全国性组织,简化认证流程并推进指标的标准化构建,以此来提升我国合作教育认证的公信度。     

Accreditation in Kinesiology: The Process,Criticism and Controversy,and the Future

The question of accreditation has been quite controversial in higher education. Some consider accreditation as a necessary “evil” while others reject it outright. It is a process designed to promote quality assurance and improvement in institutions and programs, yet one mired in various issues. While accreditation is controversial in a number of respects, the major focus of accrediting bodies should be the review of applied professional programs at both undergraduate and graduate levels that are grounded in professional standards and licensure. Basic science programs such as movement, exercise, and sport science should be excluded from accreditation review and subject only to external review by experts within the field of kinesiology. Furthermore, amongst other factors, the association of kinesiology programs with agencies that promote the accreditation of programs that lack professional standards, certifi cation, or licensure should be rejected. Accreditation is here to stay, but how well it serves the academy remains debatable.     

Quality assurance of joint degree programs from the perspective of quality assurance agencies: experience in East Asia

Joint degree programs have gained popularity in East Asia, due to the growth of transnational higher education in the region since 2000. However, the external quality assurance (QA) and accreditation of joint degree programs is a challenge for QA agencies, as it normally involves the engagement of several institutions and multiple national accreditation procedures. The purpose of this study is to explore current QA approaches to joint degree programs in Europe and East Asia from the perspectives of QA agencies. There are four major findings from the study. First, East Asian countries tend to stipulate national regulations for a joint degree program. Second, an external QA mechanism for joint degree programs has not yet been developed in East Asian nations. Third, the adoption of international accreditation as the popular approach for joint degree programs in business fields in Asia raises the serious issue of national jurisdiction over higher education. Fourth, the European Consortium for Education's (ECA) single accreditation mode is highly recommended by QA agencies.     

A Systems Approach Model for Counselor Education Program Development and Redefinition

Many counselor education programs are faced with the need for program revision due to the adoption of ACES Standards of Preparation, the demands of certification, licensure, and accreditation, and recent trends in the profession and society in general. This article presents a systems approach model for counselor education program development, evaluation, and redefinition in a practical, step-by-step manner to help meet this need.     

Adopting self-accreditation in response to the diversity of higher education: quality assurance in Taiwan and its impact on institutions

In 2012, Taiwan implemented a dual-track quality assurance system comprising accreditation and self-accreditation in higher education institutions. Self-accrediting institutions can accredit their programs without requiring approval from external quality assurance agencies. In contrast to other countries, the Ministry of Education of Taiwan authorized self-accrediting institutions to develop their own evaluation standards. This study investigated the institution-based accreditation standards and their implications on institutional internal quality assurance. Content analysis revealed that 37 % of the indicators of self-accreditation were new and not used as review indicators in the original accreditation track. Two frequently added indicators were featured indicators and levels of internationalization. The results also indicated that institutions tend to structure their internal quality assurance systems uniquely. Three types of approaches for developing institution-based standards were identified: bottom-up, hybrid, and innovative approaches. Self-accreditation has benefited institutions committed to educational quality and pursuing excellence by enabling them to employ a fitness-for-purpose approach. The diversity of higher education and educational policy changes constitute new challenges to higher education. Balancing between accountability and autonomy is critical for all stakeholders of higher education.     

Faculty Perceptions of CACREP Accreditation

Faculty members in CACREP-accredited institutions were surveyed for the purposes of (a) determining common program characteristics; (b) determining if and how accreditation had influenced curricula, institutional support, and length and type of supervised experiences; (c) assessing faculty opinion concerning whether accreditation efforts had improved the quality of counselor preparation programs; (d) assessing faculty opinion concerning the effectiveness of the Standards as criteria for evaluating programs; and (e) assessing faculty opinion of the fairness and adequacy of the accreditation review process. The status of programs is summarized, with curricula and length of supervised counseling experiences having been most often influenced by accreditation efforts. Faculties were mixed in their reactions as to whether accreditation had improved the quality of their programs. Those faculties that had initiated change as a result of self-study thought that their programs were improved. Satisfaction with the Standards as criteria and with CACREP as the accreditation decision-making body was substantial.