产学研合作创新分析——以广东温氏食品集团有限公司为例

产学研合作是企业开展技术创新活动的一种重要而又有效的形式,也是科技与经济结合的一条国际成功经验。文章主要研究产学研合作创新对企业、大学与科研机构的益处和重要意义,并以广东温氏食品集团有限公司与华南农业大学的产学研合作为例进行案例分析。     

系统论与过程论双重视角下产学研合作机制探析

产学研合作是有力推进科学技术创新的高级形式,已经成为促进科技与经济紧密结合的关键环节。基于系统论和过程论的双重视角,重新解读产学研合作;产学研合作与其机制的耦合是进行产学研合作研究深层次考察的理论依据;在深刻把握产学研合作自身规律的基础上探讨产学研合作机制的设计原则、评价指标及其建构。     

对打造东莞特色技术创新链的思考

本文根据东莞产业发展模式、科技发展基础、城市功能定住以及产业升级转型对科技服务的现实需求,在借鉴国内大中城市和西方科技发达国家推进科技创新成功经验的基础上,提出必须通过搭建产业集群行业创新平台、以消化吸收再创新为主要模式、以产学研合作为主要途径,打造具有东莞特色的技术创新链.同时,根据东莞产业发展和科技发展现状,提出东莞搭建行业创新平台和推进产学研合作的主要思路.     

产学研合作中政府职能的研究

产学研合作是促进科技与经济结合的关键，也是我国经济和科技体制改革的主要问题之一。分析了当前我国产学研合作中存在的缺陷，探讨了政府在产学研合作中的职能及其作用，指出政府对组织、推动、协调、激励和引导产学研合作具有重要的职能和不可替代的作用。     

论产学研合作对促进企业技术创新的作用

一个企业怎样成功地推进创新是由许多复杂因素决定的。我们认为,产学研合作是最重要的因素之一。加强企业技术创新工作,大力推动产学研联合,是促进科研成果转化的重要措施。要有效地将科技优势转化为经济优势和竞争优势,不仅经济存量有如何“盘活”和优化的问题,科技存量也有“盘活”和优化的问题。其主要途径有二：一是推动企业积极创造条件吸引科研院所和高等院校的科技力量以多种形式进入企业和企业集团;二是大力推动产学研合作。所以,江泽民总书记在十一大报告中指出：有条件的科研机构和大专院校要以不同形式进入企业或同企业合…     

产学研合作创新中问题及对策研究

产学研合作是促进科技与经济结合的关键,也是我国经济和科技体制改革要着力解决的一个十分重要的问题,据此,重点分析了当前我国产学研合作创新所在的五个问题,提出了解决产学研创新合作困难的四条措施。     

从国家科技计划项目看辽宁省产学研合作情况

企业与高校、科研院所的产学研合作是促进科技教育与经济紧密结合的重要手段。文章根据国家级科技计划项目调查,从计划类别、合作方式、活动类型、行业、地域以及产学研成果产出等方面集中分析辽宁省产学研合作的情况,并针对反映的问题提出建议。     

创新产学研结合模式的经验与对策

产学研结合是企业与高校、科研院所在优势互补、互惠互利、风险共担、共同发展的基础上开展的多种形式的合作,是优势资源整合的一种先进模式,对促进科技与经济结合、促进高校和企业的发展具有重要意义.虽然目前我国高校产学研结合取得了良好的成效,但由于种种原因特别是合作模式和机制制约了产学研结合的进一步发展.本文分析了目前我国高校产学研合作存在的问题,并结合我院采取的几种创新模式,提出高校产学研结合的新思路与对策.     

基于知识双螺旋模型的我国产学研合作技术转移机制研究

产学研合作技术转移对企业竞争力的提高、区域科技的进步及成果的转化具有重要意义。在野中郁次郎等的知识创造螺旋理论基础上,把物理学中的"场"理论应用到知识转移方面,构建了知识双螺旋模型,研究产学研合作技术转移的机制。依据该模型,指出当前我国产学研合作技术转移存在的主要问题,并有针对性地提出了改进建议。     

产学研合作的动力机制

产学研合作是当今经济发达国家推动科技与经济结合的成功经验,我国的产学研合作也日益蓬勃地开展起来,有关产学研合作的研究日益成为热点。现有的关于产学研合作的研究,主要集中于产学研合作的法规、政策,或从产学研合作案例中归纳出产学研合作的经验和教训D。这些研究无疑大大地促进了产学研合作的发展。但关于产学研合作最基础的动力机制的研究却并不多见,仅有的研究也只提到各方加入合作体的简单影响因素。这种简单的概括分析有失系统完整,对于产学研合作体与一般组织的区别也重视不够。本文拟针对产学研合作体的特点,对产学研合…     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.