一种新的逆合成孔径雷达运动补偿算法

运动补偿是逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)成像的关键技术.现有的将运动补偿分成包络对齐和初相校正2步处理的算法存在补偿精度低的缺点.针对这一问题,提出了一种基于早迟卷积的运动补偿算法,其思想来源于扩频通信系统中早迟门型比特同步电路.算法能精确估计每个脉冲时刻目标的位置,在精确对齐包络的同时,对回波相位作初步校正.该算法对各脉冲回波一维距离包络单独处理,不存在误差积累的问题.距离估计精度不受距离分辨单元大小限制,不存在量化误差.     

不稳定网络跳变单频脉冲包络瞬时值统计方法

在网络转网和切换中,常会出现不稳定网络跳变信号,其以单频脉冲的形式造成网络波动,影响网络稳定与安全。对该类单频脉冲包络瞬时值有效统计,可以采用脉冲抵消方法抑制波动,提高网络性能。提出一种基于单元散射混响统计学模型的不稳定网络跳变单频脉冲包络瞬时值统计方法。构建网络跳变单频脉冲混响统计模型,进行脉冲信号混响建模,得到混响信号在网络组网及不稳定跳变中产生的脉冲响应。采用单元散射混响统计学方法对传统的包络瞬时值统计算法进行改进。研究结果表明,采用该算法,能有效统计不稳定网络跳变单频脉冲包络的瞬时值,统计结果准确,有效反应包络变化,为下一步采用脉冲抵消方法抑制波动奠定基础,提高网络性能。     

基于包络特征的网络流量预测阈值调控算法

对网络流量序列的准确预测的基础是进行流量判决门限阈值的合理调控,为了提高网络流量预测的精度,进行阈值调控优化设计。传统方法采用流量序列调频估计的方法进行阈值调控,算法不能准确估计流量序列的包络特征,预测精度不好。提出一种基于包络特征的网络流量预测阈值调控算法。通过不同类型的网络设备进行流量采集终端联网构建,采用自相关特征奇异分解对流量序列进行线性特征叠加运算,构建网络流量预测的时间序列模型。采用统计学数学方法对流量序列的延迟时间互信息进行阈值调控自适应建模,提取流量序列的包络特征。实现对网络流量预测的阈值调控,提高预测精度。仿真实验表明,该算法能实现对流量预测阈值的自适应调控,预测精度较传统方法提高37%,性能优越于传统算法。     

基于自然对数似然分解的频域展宽信号能量聚集

主动声呐自导系统发出的回波信号表现为一种频域展宽信号,对频域展宽信号的准确检测是实现声呐精确探测的技术难题。传统方法中采用分数阶傅立叶变换方法设计检测算法,声呐自导系统径向运动过程中的回波与样本之间的失配导致检测性能下降。利用自然对数变换对线性调频信号的能量聚焦特性,提出一种基于自然对数似然分解的频域展宽信号能量聚集方法,构建主动自导系统回波频域展宽信号模型构建,进行算法改进设计,实现对主动声呐自导系统回波信号的准确检测。仿真实验结果表明,算法能使回波信号在自然对数频域产生明显的能量聚集,提高检测性能,检测概率较传统方法提高明显。     

TD-SCDMA系统中基于时域数据统计信息的信道估计算法

TD-SCDMA系统中运用的B.Steiner估计器是一种低代价的信道估计器,由于受到噪声的影响,其导致估计的精度有限。以Steiner算法为基础,有多种基于门限处理的信道估计算法,如何设置门限是这类改进算法的关键问题。本文对信道估计算法的时域结果进行能量检测,基于时域数据统计信息给出信道估计改进算法。仿真结果表明,改进的信道估计使系统的性能获得较大的改善与提高。     

基于分布传感的容迟自组织网络动态融合算法

通过对自组织网络动态融合,提高复杂应用环境下的无线传感网络的稳定性和通信能力。传统方法中对自组织网络动态融合采用时延-多普勒域动态重组的融合机制,导致相邻节点功率均衡偏差,融合性能不好。提出一种基于分布传感的容迟自组织网络动态融合算法。构建无线传感自组织网络的网络模型,设计短距离通信的主从式无线传输信道自适应跟踪技术和冲激响应特性分析模型,使用分段副本相关检测器对分布频段内频谱进行分段滤波和检测,进行无线传输信道自适应均衡设计,通过相关处理后,可消除这种多径干扰的影响,得到分布传感的容迟自组织网络动态融合结果,实验得出,该算法的融合精度较高,信号保真度较好,优于传统算法,展示了较好的应用价值。     

基于机器学习的电磁脉冲相位特征挖掘算法

对电磁脉冲信号相位特征的准确挖掘和参量估计可以有效准确地确定信号源的方位,实现对识别目标的准确定位。传统的相位特征挖掘算法采用贝叶斯估计算法,算法在受到脉冲干扰时估计性能不好。提出一种基于机器学习的电磁脉冲信号相位特征挖掘算法,实现对相位估计精度的改进提高。首先构建电磁脉冲信号的模型,得到相位特征挖掘模型原始模型,求解相位模糊数搜索结合解得到两个阵列输出数据的相位差。计算电磁脉冲信号参数相位补偿项,采用机器学习算法进行电磁脉冲信号相位特征挖掘,构建调频信号作为估计目标方位角的载波信号,采用最小二乘拟合求斜率最终实现相位特征等相关信息的挖掘。仿真实验表明,该算法能准确估计出电磁脉冲信号辐射源的相位等参数信息,相位特征挖掘性能较好,展示了优越的数据挖掘和目标检测定位性能。     

一种改进的基于全数据集的星载ScanSAR多普勒中心估计方法

提出了一种改进的适合于ScanSAR成像的多普勒中心估计方法。算法首先在各个子带内求得解卷绕的多普勒基带中心估计;随后利用各子带间脉冲重复频率（PRF）的差异,以最小均方误差准则寻找合适的模糊数组合,从而解决多普勒模糊问题。与以往方法不同之处在于,多普勒模糊的解法基于整个回波数据集,而不依赖于相邻子带重叠区数据,且不需要关于信号或噪声分布的先验知识。算法假设子带间的方位向天线指向变化足够小,以致由此导致的多普勒中心的变化远小于PRF的差异,从而可以近似认为多普勒中心是随距离连续变化的。该算法容易实现,并且能有效保证多普勒中心估计的精度和效率。     

基于Kalman滤波的Web数据流抗干扰挖掘算法

提出一种基于变维Kalman滤波的Web海量数据流抗干扰挖掘算法。构建Web环境下的海量数据挖掘数据流信息模型和噪声干扰模型,结合现代信号处理方法,设计变维Kalman滤波算法进行海量数据流信号滤波预处理,把Web海量数据流映射为一组非线性宽带调频信号模型,采用信号检测算法实现Web海量数据的抗干扰挖掘。仿真结果表明,采用该算法进行Web海量数据信息的抗干扰挖掘,具有较高的数据检测精度和准确挖掘性能,具有较高的抗干扰性和鲁棒性。     

基于自适应直耦降噪的金属探测信号处理方法

金属目标探测在应用领域中受环境噪声干扰大,目标金属壳体反射信号和噪声直耦信号叠加,导致金属目标探测准确度提高困难。提出一种基于自适应噪声抵消降噪算法和能量检测的金属目标探测方法。借鉴相位检波设计能量检测算法最终完成针对金属外壳小车的目标探测系统设计。外场系统测试和仿真实验分析得出目标在各种距离和速度下通过探测样机的探测特性测试结果,测试结果展示了系统具有较好的探测性能,探测反射信号与距离的关系跟磁场衰减的理论值高度吻合,达到预期的检测效果。     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.