学习成本与技术学习障碍

从某个角度看，技术供给方的技术保护，供求双方的技术差距和技术交易摩擦，以及技术本身的技术属性和技术管理过程存在的问题等，最终都直接表现或间接转化为技术学习过程中的技术价格、技术交易费用、人工机会成本、技术管理费用等。技术学习障碍的大小问题实际上也就是技术学习的成本高低问题.     

教育技术学科信息化学习资源运用与评价

教育技术是关于学习资源和学习过程的设计、开发、使用、管理和评价的理论与实践。研究教育技术学科信息化学习资源运用与评价，不仅有利于教育技术本专业课程的信息化和现代化，有利于学习者的自主性学习和探究性学习。而且，微观上为教育技术学专业学生提供了良好的示范作用；宏观上有利于高素质教育技术专门人才的培养。     

技术学习和竞争优势:文献综述

技术学习是关于发展中国家技术创新和发展研究的中心问题之一。技术学习从本质上说，是指后来企业积累和提高技术能力的过程或行为。本文的目的是总结前人的研究工作，以为未来的研究建立基础。直到目前为止，中国技术学习的研究进展主要包括：总结了技术学习的特点、识别了影响学习绩效的行业层次和企业层次的因素。此外，本文还指出了未来技术学习研究工作需要解决的问题。     

现代信息技术与英语教学整合的作用

当今世界，以信息技术为主要标志的科技进步日新月异，而英语教学是一个主动交流信息的过程。因此，在英语教学过程中，教师也要充分利用现代教育技术，开发英语教学资源，拓宽学生的学习渠道，改进学生的学习方式，提高学生的学习效率。在条件允许的情况下，教师应充分利用各种听觉和视觉手段，丰富教学内容和形式，促进学生课堂学习；要利用计算机和多媒体教学软件，探索新的教学模式，促进学生的个性化学习。开发并合理利用以现代信息技术为载体的英语教学资源，实现现代信息技术与英语教学的整合。     

我国产业集群对外技术学习现状分析及政策研究

众多研究表明，技术学习对于产业集群的发展起着至关重要的作用。以广东东莞和浙江台州两地的产业集群调查为基础，验证了现阶段我国产业集群技术学习的主要对象是产业集群以外的企业及机构，并进一步分析了对外技术学习的成员、途径和成果，还调查分析了产业集群对外技术学习过程中面临的主要困难，并提出了相应的政策建议。     

奇瑞的创新模式

发展中国家企业的自主创新，面临两个根本问题：一是如何在全球化环境中更有效地开展技术学习；二是如何实现对这一过程的主导。在开放的技术学习中形成、并结合自身的特点，是这些企业动态能力发展的源泉。奇瑞是目前中国汽车工业优秀的自主创新企业之一，本文着力于对奇瑞的创新战略与技术学习模式做一个学习与探索。     

初中体育教学中培养学生质疑能力的研究

利用初中生好奇、好问的心理，培养其质疑能力，在体育教学过程中发现和解决问题，有利于发展学生的智力水平，增加体育学习的热情与积极性，有助于运动技术的学习，提高学习效率。     

创新集群的特征及产业结构演进过程中的技术能力和生产能力

本文分析了创新集群的特征是聚集经济、知识溢出和技术多样性，研究了区域产业结构演进过程中的技术能力和生产能力及学习过程。     

中国光纤光缆产业技术能力提高:逆向技术学习

产业技术学习是发展中国家技术创新研究和产业研究的中心问题之一。本文以中国光纤光缆产业为对象研究该产业的技术学习过程,发现中国光纤光缆产业的技术学习过程是逆向的,而且该产业同时存在"逆技术链学习"和"逆产业链学习"两类逆向学习过程。影响中国光纤光缆产业技术学习的主要因素分别是技术体制、制度环境、学习动力和学习基础。这4类因素在分产业(制棒、拉丝、成缆)的非均匀分布是中国光纤光缆产业逆向技术学习的主要原因。     

多媒体课件在中学英语课堂教学中的应用利弊分析

多媒体技术运用在英语教学过程中的利弊共存．结合实际教学过程中如何充分发挥优势，克服弊端，提出几点建议。以提高英语教学的水平，开拓学生的思维定向，创造良好的学习环境。     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.