中国肿瘤学稿件外流现象与对策分析

【目的】 分析中国肿瘤学论文的发表现状,探讨中国肿瘤学稿件外流现象与相关对策。【方法】 利用Web of Science数据库,对2013—2017年中国作者发表的肿瘤学论文及发表期刊进行分析。【结果】 我国肿瘤学英文论文发表平台有限,大部分论文发表于国外期刊。中国作者倾向于选择发文量大、中国作者论文占比高、影响因子≤3的期刊,论文影响力有限。发表于国外SCI收录期刊的中国肿瘤学研究论文数量逐年提高,而中国科学引文数据库收录期刊发表的我国肿瘤学研究论文总量却逐年降低。【结论】 中国高质量肿瘤学稿件外流现象较严重。我国肿瘤学期刊尚有较大发展空间,应在采取各种有效措施提高自身办刊效率基础上,扩大宣传范围,出台配套政策,以鼓励中国作者向本国期刊投稿。     

学科领域期刊科研数据发表政策剖析——以美国化学学会期刊为例

【目的】剖析化学学科领域科学期刊的数据发表政策,了解期刊数据政策的现状。【方法】 以ACS期刊为例,以期刊投稿指南为数据源,梳理和比较分析ACS期刊对发表论文的数据内容、数据格式、数据共享的要求。【结果】ACS的47种期刊要求论文作者将数据作为支撑信息提交,对于包含序列数据、结构数据、电子显微镜数据、微阵列数据、转基因生物和突变体五类特定类型数据的论文要求将该数据存储到推荐的数据仓储中,涉及五类数据的期刊总共有20种。【结论】可作为化学领域科研人员在ACS上发表论文的参考依据,为国内学术期刊数据政策的实施提供借鉴。     

科研人员选择巨型OA期刊发文的影响因素分析——以PLoS ONE为例

【目的】 了解影响科研人员选择巨型开放获取期刊投稿的关键因素,为未来国内巨型开放获取期刊发展和吸引科研人员投稿提供借鉴。【方法】 以2016年在PLoS ONE上发文的作者为问卷调查对象,构建影响科研人员选择巨型开放获取期刊发文的因素评价量表,利用SPSS软件进行因子分析,找出并分析关键影响因素。【结果】 巨型开放获取期刊的质量、声誉、评审和出版速度是影响作者选择的最关键因素。【结论】 期刊出版商应通过采用开放同行评议和社群评估来保证刊发论文质量;通过缩短论文评审和出版周期来吸引作者投稿;通过扩展期刊学科覆盖领域来增加期刊受众面;设置合理的文章处理费收费标准,打击欺诈性巨型开放获取期刊。     

中国光学论文发表现状及对中国光学期刊的启示

【目的】调研中国近5年来的光学论文发表情况,为光学学科与光学期刊的发展和创新提供参考。【方法】 基于Web of Science数据库, 对2011—2015年间中国在SCIE光学类期刊上发表的论文进行分析。【结果】 5年间中国作者在90种SCIE光学类期刊上发表了37371篇文章,总被引161069次,篇均被引4.31次。中国作者的文章发表数量逐年上升;中国与全球主要发达国家在光学领域均有合作研究;中国研究机构在光学多个分支领域发展活跃。【结论】 提升我国已有英文光学期刊的质量、创办细分学科方向的新期刊、培养光学领域年青学者可以促进我国光学期刊的发展。     

国内外情报学领域期刊发文时滞的计量分析——以Scientometrics和《情报学报》期刊为例

【目的】探讨情报学领域期刊发文时滞与论文影响力之间的相关性,以及分析发文时滞较短的论文的作者、机构以及研究主题等特征。【方法】 利用Spearman统计检验和关键词统计分析方法,分别对Scientometrics和《情报学报》期刊论文的发文时滞和被引频次的相关性、发文时滞较短论文的作者的h指数、机构排名以及关键词特征等进行分析。【结果】该两种期刊论文的发文时滞与论文被引频次之间具有相关性趋势,相关性并不显著。选题为当前领域研究热点的科研成果能够获得快速承认和发表,作者和作者所在机构的名望对于缩短论文的发文时滞具有促进作用。【结论】研究结果可以为研究人员投稿以及期刊编辑部审稿和出版提供案例参考。     

政策导向对高校稿件外流的影响——基于15所高校的制度文本分析

【目的】 深入分析我国高校学术论文外流现象背后的政策原因。【方法】 统计分析我国15所高校2017年适用的教师职称评聘、论文奖励、科研工作量化标准、研究生学位授予要求、博士毕业生引进条件及待遇等94份制度文件。【结果】 在国际刊物发表论文已成高校职称评审和研究生毕业的重要指标;国际期刊论文奖励金额和所对应的工作量远高于国内中文期刊;国际刊物第一作者和通信作者可利益共享;高校入职待遇和高水平国际期刊论文紧密相关。【结论】 需要制定引导性和鼓励性政策来提高作者向国内优秀期刊投稿的积极性,如增加国内优秀期刊论文和同行评议在学术评价体系中的权重,论文奖励形式多样化,加强国内期刊建设等。     

构建被撤销论文作者管理机制的必要性与方法探析

【目的】 基于我国被撤销论文作者的管理现状,探讨被撤销论文作者管理的要点以及方法。【方法】 检索中国知网与万方数据库中2007年1月1日至2016年12月31日发布的撤销论文声明,提取处理作者的相关信息,分析存在的问题,在此基础上提出构建被撤销论文作者管理机制的方法。【结果】 检索到包含处罚作者信息的撤销论文声明共14篇,其中涉及的学术不端行为主要为抄袭或剽窃、重复发表,处罚方式主要为在数年内拒绝相关作者再次投稿与通报。处罚措施存在对作者主观恶意定性不清,对合著作者承担的责任区分不明,处理随意性大、缺乏合理依据等问题,表明国内对被撤销论文作者的管理未给予足够重视,尚缺乏有效管理机制。【结论】 应当加强对被撤销论文作者的管理,可以充分发挥期刊主管、主办部门职能,着重发挥相关学科学会以及出版伦理专业委员会的作用,通过建立学术不端问题共享信息数据库,健全学术不端问责制度、被撤销论文管理以及上报制度,建立被撤销论文作者的合理管理机制。     

中文光学期刊作者投稿关注点调查及分析

【目的】了解不同身份作者的投稿关注点,从而为作者提供优质服务,吸引稿源,促进中文期刊的可持续发展。【方法】通过问卷调查方法,深层次了解中文光学期刊作者投稿时的主客观关注点和投稿取向。【结果】作者拟投稿时首要关注期刊的收录类别、审稿周期、期刊的影响因子以及期刊在业内的影响力。录用率、投稿系统的便捷性、出版周期及出版费用也是作者关注的重要因素。【结论】期刊编辑应依据作者投稿关注点完善各项服务,并提出稳定和提高期刊来稿量、实现中英文期刊差异化发展的一些举措。     

基于论文作者特征的期刊影响力预测

【目的】 构建一组反映期刊内部特征信息的作者特征空间向量,以拓展期刊影响力分析方法。【方法】 以图书情报学领域18种核心期刊2011年第1期的380篇论文为研究对象,选取其中3/4的文献为训练样本,构建基于作者特征的期刊影响力预测模型,以剩下的1/4论文为测试样本,检验预测模型的有效性。【结果】 实验发现,期刊影响力预测模型与4年后对应期刊的影响因子具有较好的吻合度。【结论】 说明由期刊作者特征研究期刊影响力是可行的,为研究期刊影响力提供了一种新方法。     

中文图情期刊论文作者贡献声明标注分析北大核心

【目的】调研中文图情期刊作者贡献声明标注情况，梳理典型标注模式并设计示例模板，为期刊制订相关政策文件提供参考。【方法】采集5种国内图情期刊的作者贡献声明版块内容，对各期刊的作者贡献声明进行内容分析，分析作者贡献声明、作者署名次序、论文写作流程之间的关系。【结果】根据样本期刊作者贡献要素归并词表绘制论文写作规范化流程图，设计依贡献程度进行排名的作者贡献声明示例模板。【结论】以显性方式声明不同位次作者对论文的具体贡献具有重要意义，学术界宜加强对作者贡献声明的认识并规范标注格式，共同促进学术论文投稿及发表格式规范化，为开展更加精细的学术评价研究提供有力支持。     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.