On the Importance of Cultural Input in English Teaching

English as a foreign language has been a subject in middle school of China for years. Teachers and educators generation by generation have been trying to find an optimal method of teaching foreign language to help students master it better. After unceasing exploring, traditional teaching pattern has been im- proved and new teaching approaches appear such as Task-based language teaching and com- municative language teaching. However, what- ever teaching methods English teachers use in the class, they should not ignore the cultural input in English teaching. The successful and efficient English teaching should transform the single language teaching into the combination of language teaching and cultural teaching. The thesis is concerned with the significance of culture in English teaching. More specifically, some consideration will be given to the reasons and ways of teaching culture.     

Social and communicational skills in upper secondary vocational education and training

This article presents the methodology used by the Finnish Education Evaluation Council in the national evaluation of social and communication skills in vocational education and training. The evaluation concentrates on key competences such as learning-to-learn skills, communication skills, social skills and entrepreneurship （Implementation of Education and Stringfellow, 2005; Recommendation of the European Training 2010, 2004; Winterton, Delemare-Le Deist ＆ Parliament and of the Council of December 18, 2006 on key competencies for lifelong leaming, 2006）. The evaluation focuses particularly on skills required in the labour market. These competences are included in all vocational study programmes as a part of accompanying with other key competences. The authors＇ approach follows the principles of developmental and participative evaluation, applying the Common Quality Assurance Framework （CQAF） model, which has been accepted by the European Commission for the quality management and quality assurance framework for vocational education and training in Europe. Additional methods such as interview and statistical data gathering were used to acquire comprehensive data and ensure extensive participation of each partner involved has key competences. The evaluation material was collected from vocational education and training providers by sector （n=8） and by qualification （n=53）. Every sector and type of examination was included in the evaluation. The evaluation was based on a sample （n=130）. The evaluation data were collected from multiple sources by using multiple methods. The material included written self-evaluation reports by vocational education and training providers （n=130 which equals 95% of VET providers）, quantitative information, interviews organized by the National Board of Education and an evaluation seminar for providers as focus groups. Educational administrators, teachers, students, employers and workplace instructors participated in the self-evaluation of the vocational education and training establishments （multi-professional evaluation）.     

Maximizing the usage of technology-enhanced teaching and learning of science and mathematics in English program in the Malaysian secondary schools system

This research is attempting to examine the effectiveness in the application of ICT （information and communication technology） and standardize courseware in ETeMS （English for Teaching Mathematics and Science） or PPSMI （Pengajaran and Pembelajaran Sains and Matematic dalam Bahasa Inggeris） in English program in the Malaysian secondary school system. Five dimensions of secondary school （type of school, demographic, leadership quality, teaching and learning culture, and teachers＇ personal and working experience） were examined to determine the maximizing usage of TEC （technology-enhanced classroom） in the learning program. In general, there is a significant difference among factors stated above with maximizing usage of TEC in teaching and learning of science and mathematics in English program. The learning culture is also closely related. In addition, the school and teaching staff are another two essential factors found to be the strong fundamental of maximizing the usage of technology in TEC teaching and learning with towering quality. This study represents an addition to the extant literature on maximizing the usage of technology-enhanced teaching and learning towards the excellence of education in the secondary school system. The maximizing usage of TEC teaching and learning environment within the secondary school system is pivotal towards achieving high quality human capital and improving the efficiency and integrity of technology-enhanced learning of science and mathematics in English program. This study provides further groundwork to assist existing education managers to improve work quality and deliver the maximizing usage of TEC teaching and learning towards the excellence in secondary education.     

The study of teachers＇ task values and self-efficacy on their commitment and effectiveness for technology-instruction integration

The city of Taipei has been considered as a leading role of information technology education in Taiwan. However, many questions have been waited to be answered. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current situations and problems of primary school teachers＇ technology-instruction integration. By implementing the approach of cognitive motivators and the human performance technology （HPT） theory, this study also investigated the relationships among teachers＇ cognitive motivators （self-efficacy and task values） and their commitment and effort on technology-instruction integration. The researchers delivered 2,952 questionnaires via Internet, e-mail and airmail in January 2008. Finally, 1,549 questionnaires replied back and turned out to be ok. The findings were described as below. The situation of＂high-tech schools, low-access technology＂ also happened in Taipei primary schools. The time teachers devote to use technology into instruction is about 1-3 hour（s） per week and the level of technology implementation to use was low. Besides, teachers＇ self-efficacy and task values have impact on their commitment and effort on technology-instruction integration. Teachers＇ age and the length of teaching presented opposite correlations with their commitment and effort on technology-instruction integration. Teachers have huge difficulty on comprehending and designing computer-animation related multimedia materials to help students clear their abstract learning concept to concrete. In the future, they hope to take more workshops related with multimedia design principles, how to integrate technology with learning areas, and other multimedia related theories.     

Positive temperature coefficient of resistivity effects of semiconducting （Bi（1/2）Na（1/2））TiO3-CaTiO3-BaTiO3 ceramics sintered in air atmosphere

Y^3＋-doped （Bi 1/2 Na 1/2） TiO 3-CaTiO 3-BaTiO 3 （BNCBT） positive temperature coefficient of resistivity （PTCR） ceramics sintered in air atmosphere were investigated in this study. （Bi 1/2 Na 1/2） TiO 3 （BNT） component can remarkably increase the onset temperature T c of PTCR ceramics with the expense of the resistivity R 25 increase. CaTiO 3 （9–27 mol%） component can decrease the resistivity, and adjust the effects of BNT phase on the T c point. For the sample containing 3 mol% CaTiO 3 , T c raises from 122 ℃ to 153 ℃ when only 0.6 mol% BNT added, while for the ones with higher CaTiO 3 content （9–27 mol%）, T c is only increased by a rate of 8–9℃/1.0 mol% BNT. The effects of BNT and CaTiO 3 components on R25/Rmin （negative temperature coefficient effect） are also discussed.     

钻井工程课程设计辅助教学系统的开发

如何将计算机引入石油工程课程设计教学环节之中,是一个重要而且亟待解决的问题。本文建立了"任务驱动、合作学习、目标分解、阶段考核"为特色的钻井工程课程设计体系,以典型设计案例为参照,将信息管理系统技术和工程计算技术相结合,研制开发了一个面向对象的钻井工程课程设计辅助教学系统。实践表明,该系统的应用可以减轻教师的辅导工作量,提高学生自主学习的积极性,增强开展钻井工程课程设计的主动性,可以方便学生收集资料、整理数据,同时减少手工计算的工作量,有助于提高学生的学习效率,培养学生的设计能力。     

On the Function of Understanding Capacity in English Learning and Teaching

Understanding is a positive thinking activity. This paper focuses on the importance of the function of understanding ability in English learning and teaching.     

Social partnerships in learning： Negotiating disenfranchised learner identities

A study of disenfranchised learners in a regional area found that their engagement in formal education was influenced by their learner identities, their perceptions of themselves as learners, and the identity resources on which they draw. Understanding the disconnects between individuals＇, communities＇ and educational institutions＇ assumptions about learning engagement impacted on the types of identities on which learners drew and the efficacy of those identities in negotiating new learning experiences. Developing innovative and successful approaches to engage disenfranchised regional learners in training necessitates effective partnership and the recognition of diverse knowledge systems as they relate to the worlds of work, community engagement and learning. Social partnerships in learning frameworks were the key in describing the interactions between agents, they are the interagency and interdisciplinary relationships that enable effective learning in different disciplines, workplaces and training sites. Social partnerships in learning frameworks are used to examine diverse knowledge systems, develop capacity building processes and understand the underlying relationships that facilitate connections, engagement and decision-making between government, non-government, enterprise, community, stakeholders and individuals. This paper will examine disenfranchised learners＇ identities and the role of learning partnerships in developing strong learner identities and re-engaging regional learners.     

遥感实践教学方法探讨

遥感技术已广泛应用于地质、测绘、林业、农业、水利等国土资源调查与动态监测和国土资源规划与管理等各个领域。遥感实践教学是遥感课程的一个重要环节。通过对当前遥感实践教学中存在问题的进行分析,探讨了影响实践教学质量的几个主要因素,提出了以解决数据的代表性、产权和保密问题,并在此基础上编写适合各专业教学大纲教材的教学改革设想和方法,通过多样的考核方式和相关课程横向连接的教学手段来提高遥感实践教学质量。     

乾隆时期云南官场缺员现象分析

Yunnan officialdom was extremely understaffed in QIAN -Long period, which is very rare in Yunnan history. The study finds that the bureaucratization of Yunnan chieftaincy in YONG - zheng period together with other factors resulted in the crisis of understaffed officials in Yunnan official- dom. QIAN - Long＇ s government took a variety of measures to solve this problem and achieved good re- sults. The understaffed crisis was greatly alleviated in late QIAN - Long time, which guaranteed the reign of effective Governance in Yunnan.     

《成吉思汗评传》评介

当传统文化、民族文化的价值被多元、深入地重新发掘与体认之际,成吉思汗及其所代表的蒙古民族再度成为一个新的社会文化热点。20世纪七、八十年代以来,有关成吉思汗的专著开始不断涌现。大陆、台湾等各地出版社相继出版了多种成吉思汗传记作品。从事不同学术领域研究、不同国籍的学者站在各自不同的角度,密切关注着成吉思汗及蒙元文化的特性,相关文学或学术专著层出不穷。目前,这一研究领域有影响力的专著已达数十种之多,马冀先生的《成吉思汗评传》（内蒙古人民出版社,2005年10月）即是其中之一。     

A recommendation for a new lnternet-based environment for studying literature

The effects of information and communication technologies, which are rapidly improving and spreading in the current age, can be seen in the field of training and education as well as in all other fields. Unlike previous technologies, the Internet, which is the concrete compound of those technologies, provides users with the trio of audio, text and visual materials digitally and simultaneously. This new learning environment, which allows users to individually plan the learning process according to their preferences, has been also effective in changing traditional attitudes and habits related to reading. Nowadays, parallel to these changes, it has become necessary to teach literature in a virtual environment, or, at least, to make a connection with that environment. In this study, the authors first discuss the condition of literature on the lnternet considering the lnternet-literature connection and the features of reading lnternet-based literary texts. Then, depending on a literature review, the authors propose a new Internet-based learning environment for teaching literature considering the extent of computer literacy, as defined by Shapiro and Hughes （1996）.     

Seminar教学在本科“准小班”教学改革中的应用——以专业外语为例

在教育资源紧张的背景下,"准小班"教学是我国高校小班授课改革普遍经历的阶段,探索适合准小班授课的教学模式是高校面临的新挑战和新机遇。国外成熟的Seminar教学模式适用于10~20人的小班规模,本文根据"准小班"课堂规模和本科课程特点,建立了Seminar教学与课堂讲授相结合的教学新模式,从课堂时间安排、教学内容、教学环节和考核方式等方面进行系统改进,为"准小班"教学改革提供了支持。     

流动注射安培法检测紫菜中碘含量

利用电沉积法制备出稳定的多金属氧酸盐[H2bpy]2[{Cu（bpy）2}Mo5P2O23].4H2O膜修饰电极.该电极对溶液中的碘离子有良好的电催化氧化作用,已成功地应用于流动注射安培检测法对紫菜中碘含量的检测,该电极对碘离子线性响应范围为：2×10-5mol.L-1到1×10-3mol.L-1.最低检出限为：3×10-5 mol.L-1（信噪比为3）.表明对碘离子的测定线性范围宽,最低检出限低.该安培检测器具有样品不需预处理、不需富集及低检出限等特点.将其应用于紫菜中碘含量的检测,所得结果令人满意.     

New exact solutions of nonlinear differential-difference equations with symbolic computation

In this paper, the Toda equation and the discrete nonlinear Schrdinger equation with a saturable nonlinearity via the discrete ＂ （G′/G＂）-expansion method are researched. As a result, with the aid of the symbolic computation, new hyperbolic function solution and trigonometric function solution with parameters of the Toda equation are obtained. At the same time, new envelop hyperbolic function solution and envelop trigonometric function solution with parameters of the discrete nonlinear Schro¨dinger equation with a saturable nonlinearity are obtained. This method can be applied to other nonlinear differential-difference equations in mathematical physics.     

地缘政治在“世界地理”课程教学中的安排

随着中国对外开放的不断深入及经济的迅猛发展,在"世界地理"课程教学中注入地缘政治的内容,有利于世界地理学科的发展和学生综合素质的提高。本文就地缘政治在"世界地理"课程的教育理念、教学目标、教学内容、板块设置、课时设置、教学方式和考核方式等方面进行了安排,以推进"世界地理"课程教学内容的创新,提高课程教学质量。     

Graphic design： A sustainable solution to manage the contents of teaching materials

There is a concern that the teaching of subjects is applied not only with support from a set of technological devices, but largely in the proper use of teaching and new technologies. Taking this idea, the authors develop a research and sustainable design that result in educational materials in solid content and technological innovation, also to have the benefit of learning process of a particular subject. The project is in its stage of development of educational materials, which indicates that only the experiment is missing.     

A study on motivating learners through teachers＇ questioning

Teachers＇ questioning is quite significant on motivating learners. When asking questions, teachers need to find a balance between convergent and divergent questions. Wait-time is also very important when questioning. This study was based on a survey of 34 students who were taking academic English language courses in a UK university （the University of Hertfordshire） and also suggested that three to five seconds is the most suitable wait-time for students.     

Developing schools as professional learning communities： The TL21 experience

Over the last 2 decades, Irish schooling and society have gone through a period of significant structural and policy-driven change. To meet the emerging needs of the knowledge/learning society, schools and teachers are challenged to develop their capacities as ＂active learning communities＂. This places greater demands on teachers and schools to reflect on their classroom practices, to utilise a wider repertoire of pedagogic styles more suited to the needs of the 21st century learners and so that meaningfully collaborate with their fellow professionals. Teaching and Learning for the 21st Century （TL21） was a 4-year （2003-2007） multi-pronged research and development project involving the Education Department at the National University of Ireland, Maynooth （NUIM） and 15 post-primary schools. The project sought to address a number of key aims in terms of developing schools as professional learning communities, including addressing the isolation and insulation which teachers can, and do experience in their day-to-day professional lives and prioritize quality in teaching and learning as a key challenge for school development planning. This paper attempts to succinctly frame the key developments and findings which emerged over the duration of this process.     

Study of structural,electrical and optical properties of vanadium oxide condensed films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique

Vanadium oxides condensed films are prepared on glass substrates, using spray pyrolysis （SP） technique. The effects of substrate temperature, vanadium concentra- tion in initial solution and the solution spray rate on the nano-structural, electrical, and optical properties of depos- ited films were investigated. Characterizations of the sam- ples were performed using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and UV-Vis spec- troscopy methods. The type and concentration of the charge carriers were determined and measured by Hall effect experiment. XRD patterns showed that the prepared films had polycrystalline structure, mostly tetragonal fl-V205 and V409 phases with the preferred orientation along （200） direction. The Hall effect experiment revealed that all samples were n-type, except the ones deposited at substrate temperatures Tsub ： 300 ~C and Tsub = 450 ~C, vanadium concentration 0.1 mol/L and solution spray rate 10 mL/min. The charge carrier concentrations obtained were in the range 1016-1018 cm-3. The lowest sheet resistance （R~） was obtained for the samples prepared at T~ub = 450 ~C, vana- dium concentration 0.05 mol/L and solution spray rate 10 mL/min. It was also found that the optical transparency of the samples changed from 20% to 75% and the optical bandgap of the samples was from 2.22 eV to 2.58 eV, depending on the deposition conditions.