中医药、单胺类神经递质与运动性中枢疲劳研究综述

从“中枢疲劳”假设与运动中单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物的变化、中药对中枢单胺类神经递质的影响、运用中医药推迟、消除运动性中枢疲劳3个方面的研究展望,就中医药、单胺类神经递质与运动性中枢疲劳的有关问题试作综述。     

中医药、单胺类神经递质与运动性中枢疲劳(综述I)

阐述"中枢疲劳"的假设,就运动中单胺类神经递质的变化以及复方健脑益智类中药、复方补肾类中药、益气活血类中药和某些单味中药和中药单体有效成分对中枢单胺类神经递质的调节作用等问题综述,并就运用中医药推迟、消除运动性中枢疲劳的研究前景作一展望。认为,今后对这一领域的研究应注意以下理论和实践方面的问题:①从中医理论方面丰富"中枢疲劳"的假设;②探索中医药推迟运动性中枢疲劳的途径;③进行推迟运动性中枢疲劳的药物筛选;④建立推迟运动性中枢疲劳研究的中西医结合的桥梁。     

中医药、单胺类神经递质与运动性中枢疲劳(综述Ⅰ)

阐述“中枢疲劳”的假设，就运动中单胺类神经递质的变化以及复方健脑益智类中药、复方补肾类中药、益气活血类中药和某些单味中药和中药单体有效成分对中枢单胺类神经递质的调节作用等问题综述，并就运用中医药推迟、消除运动性中枢疲劳的研究前景作一展望。认为，今后对这一领域的研究应注意以下理论和实践方面的问题：①从中医理论方面丰富“中枢疲劳”的假设：②探索中医药推迟运动性中枢疲劳的途径；③进行推迟运动性中枢疲劳的药物筛选；④建立推迟运动性中枢疲劳研究的中西医结合的桥梁。     

运动疲劳与神经递质的生理学研究进展(综述)

从肌肉的外周机制和大脑中的中枢机制两个方面对运动性疲劳进行阐述，总结了神经递质与中枢疲劳的关系。资料表明，5-羟色胺(5-HT)、r-氨基丁酸(GABA)、甘氨酸(GLY)等是脑组织抑制性神经递质；而谷氨酸(GLU)和天冬氨酸(AsP)等是兴奋性神经递质。此外，多巴胺(DA)、乙酰胆碱(ACH)、血氨(NH3)等均是运动性中枢疲劳较为敏感的神经递质。     

运动性中枢疲劳的影响因素及其机制研究进展

运动性疲劳是一个复杂的生理现象,其发生机制主要包括外周机制与中枢机制．影响运动性中枢疲劳发生发展及恢复过程的因素很多,文章重点阐述了不同运动状态下中枢神经递质的变化与中枢疲劳、环境温度及运动对中枢机能的影响,以及营养补充促进中枢疲劳恢复的作用与机制等方面的研究现状。     

影响运动性中枢疲劳的生理学指标研究（综述）

本文着重对神经递质和调质等与运动性中枢疲劳的关系及其作用机制的研究进展进行了分析,5-HT、DA、胆碱和乙酰胆碱、氨基酸类递质是引起运动性中枢疲劳的物质。研究结果显示,5-HT是影响中枢系统疲劳的抑制性递质,但它的影响效果与训练强度和部位有关;脑中多巴胺可能通过抑制了5-HT的合成与代谢,从而推迟运动性中枢疲劳的发生;服用胆碱饮料能推迟疲劳的发生,但影响机制尚待研究;具有兴奋性作用的氨基酸类递质主要有谷氨酸和天冬氨酸,抑制性作用的有r-氨基丁酸。属神经调质类的氨和细胞素的增高可导致中枢神经系统产生疲劳。     

神经递质与运动性中枢疲劳

有关运动性中枢疲劳的机制是近年来疲劳研究的热点,随着人们对中枢神经系统作用机制的理解的不断深入,对运动性疲劳的中枢机制的研究也在加深。本文采用文献资料法,论述与运动性中枢疲劳相关的氨基酸及其对运动的影响,旨在为运动性中枢疲劳的生化机制及其消除的生化手段提供一定的依据。     

中枢神经系统递质对运动性疲劳影响及消除途径的研究进展

运动时中枢神经系统(CNS)产生的神经递质:5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)、乙酰胆碱(Ach)、氨(NH3)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、一氧化氮(NO)和细胞介素等物质,是导致运动性中枢疲劳的敏感物质.通过文献资料法,从生理角度,对运动疲劳产生的中枢机制及消除途径进行阐述,以期为运动疲劳的消除提供理论依据.     

促动作用影响运动性疲劳的神经生物学机制

本文简述运动性疲劳的可能性中枢机制,并就促动作用对运动中中枢兴奋传动能力的影响及促动作用相关神经递质的变化对运动性疲劳的影响作用试作阐述。     

运动性中枢疲劳生化机制的研究进展

采用文献资料研究法,对运动疲劳产生的中枢机制进行综合性分析,资料表明:5-HT,DA,Ach,NO等神经递质和神经调质是引发中枢疲劳的生化基础,并且TH,TPH等一些酶类及MCT,BNDF,GFAP,细胞凋亡等也与运动性中枢疲劳有着密不可分的关系.     

音乐对运动训练及运动性疲劳影响的研究述评

综述了1991年以来国内外在音乐对运动训练及运动性疲劳的影响的研究进展。研究表明运动前聆听音乐有助于提高速度或耐力,中低强度运动中聆听音乐可减轻疲劳感,运动后聆听音乐能促进运动性疲劳的消除,而且训练中聆听音乐还可以提高训练效果。     

运动性疲劳与pH值

运动性疲劳是一个复杂的现象。众多研究表明，pH的下降与运动性疲劳具有很高的相关性。PH值的下降可通过影响骨骼肌、脑、心脏、呼吸、肝脏等器官系统而促发运动性疲劳的产生。     

运动性疲劳对大鼠杏仁体一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

为了探讨杏仁体一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)与运动性疲劳的关系 ,研究了运动性疲劳对大鼠杏仁体 NOS表达的影响。经 4周大强度游泳训练制成大鼠运动疲劳模型 ,在安静状态下 ,用放射免疫学方法检侧了大鼠杏仁体 NOS活性。结果表明 ,疲劳组大鼠杏仁体 NOS总活性小于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。认为运动性疲劳作为一种应激可使大鼠杏仁体神经元中的 NOS下调 ,杏仁体NOS神经元参与了中枢运动性疲劳的形成 ,其机理可能与杏仁体神经元对应激反应的心理、行为、内分泌调节以及 NO的神经毒性有关。     

The brain and fatigue: new opportunities for nutritional interventions?

It is clear that the cause of fatigue is complex, influenced by events occurring in both the periphery and the central nervous system. Work conducted over the last 20 years has focused on the role of brain serotonin and catecholamines in the development of fatigue, and the possibility that manipulation of neurotransmitter precursors may delay the onset of fatigue. While there is some evidence that branched-chain amino acid and tyrosine ingestion can influence perceived exertion and some measures of mental performance, the results of several apparently well-controlled laboratory studies have not demonstrated a positive effect on exercise capacity or performance under temperate conditions. As football is highly reliant upon the successful execution of motor skills and tactics, the possibility that amino acid ingestion may help to attenuate a loss in cognitive function during the later stages of a game would be desirable, even in the absence of no apparent benefit to physical performance. There are several reports of enhanced performance of high-intensity intermittent exercise with carbohydrate ingestion, but at present it is difficult to separate the peripheral effects from any potential impact on the central nervous system. The possibility that changes in central neurotransmission play a role in the aetiology of fatigue when exercise is performed in high ambient temperatures has recently been examined, although the significance of this in relation to the pattern of activity associated with football has yet to be determined.     

浅谈饮料在体育运动中抗疲劳功效价值研究

采用文献资料法等分析饮料在体育运动中抗疲劳功效及价值。主要结论:功能性饮料能够短时高效的补充能量和抗疲劳,滥用会引起心血管系统异常。茶饮可通过胶原蛋白合成加速运动损伤中组织创口愈合,茶饮中咖啡碱可引起中枢神经兴奋、增大肌肉张力、消除疲劳。鲜榨果蔬饮料能及时补充运动后人体所需各种微量元素,促进胃肠道蠕动,具有改善疲劳抗氧化等功效。矿物质饮料提供运动时人体所需矿物质元素,改善运动时人体内环境平衡,具有镇痛抗氧化、提高免疫力及增强身体素质,消除疲劳等作用。运动后饮用碳酸饮料会引发腹胀,易于出现注意力不集中、心悸、疲乏等困意感,存在引发骨质酥松症,增加运动中骨折的风险。含有乳清蛋白的乳饮料有助于提高机体能量,帮助重建受损的肌纤维,可延缓中枢神经系统疲劳,更好地提升运动耐力和运动表现。     

The European College of Sports Sciences Position statement: The role of stretching exercises in sports

Abstract

Possible peripheral mechanisms of fatigue have been widely documented, including the depletion of muscle glycogen and the loss of body fluids. The notion that the brain may be intimately involved in the fatigue process is not a new one, but recently possible neurobiological mechanisms involved in this response have been investigated. Changes in central neurotransmission occur during exercise that may result in feelings of tiredness, lethargy, and a loss of motivation to continue exercise, contributing to the development of fatigue. There is evidence that manipulation of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline, through the administration of pharmacological agents, may delay the onset of fatigue during prolonged exercise, particularly when performing in a warm environment. Supplementation with branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine can influence perceived exertion and some measures of mental performance, but the results of several apparently well-controlled laboratory studies have not demonstrated a positive effect on exercise capacity under temperate conditions. The ergogenic effects of carbohydrate and caffeine are well documented, but often little attention is paid to the central effects of these nutrients. Carbohydrate ingestion has been demonstrated to alter brain activity and cerebral metabolism, factors that may be important in the development of fatigue and the maintenance of skill performance. There is strong evidence for a positive effect of caffeine on exercise performance, with recent data highlighting the role of central adenosine as a mediator of this response.     

胆碱的补充与运动性中枢疲劳的推迟

主要运用献资料法，就胆碱补充对提高运动能力和推迟运动性疲劳问题进行综述。认为，胆碱的适量补充对中枢乙酰胆碱的水平及中枢兴奋传导具有调节作用，对推迟运动性中枢疲劳可能具有一定的积极性作用。     

热条件下运动负荷对脑的生理功能及代谢的影响

对热条件下运动负荷对脑的生理功能及代谢的影响及其与疲劳的关系做了分析研究与综述。体核温度过高会对肌肉运动能力造成损害,这与中枢疲劳有关。体温过高导致脑循环效率下降和热潴留,脑氧代谢略微升高。而脑内乳酸的释放并不受影响。中枢疲劳反应和机体运动能力的下降可能是防止机体体核温度和脑温过高的“安全阀”。     

Fluid ingestion and exercise hyperthermia: Implications for performance,thermoregulation, metabolism and the development of fatigue

The development of fatigue during exercise and the subsequent onset of exhaustion occur earlier in the heat than in cooler environments. The underlying mechanisms responsible for the premature development of fatigue in the heat have yet to be clearly identified. However, the proposed mechanisms include metabolic, cardiovascular and central nervous system perturbations, together with an elevated core temperature. Fluid ingestion is one of three strategies that have been shown to be successful in enhancing the performance of endurance exercise in the heat, with the other interventions being precooling and acclimatization. However, like the development of fatigue in the heat, the mechanisms by which fluid ingestion allows for improved exercise performance remain unclear. We propose that fluid ingestion enhances exercise performance in the heat by increasing the heat storage capacity of the body. We suggest that the thermoregulatory, metabolic and cardiovascular alterations that occur as a result of this increased heat storage capacity contribute to performance enhancement when fluid is ingested during exercise heat stress.     

运动性疲劳状态下线粒体功能改变及其原因

就线粒体氧化磷酸化生成ATP的基本功能，从运动后疲劳状态下，线粒体合成ATP速率和效率改变的角度，探讨了可能导致其变化的原因及其对运动能力的影响。研究运动中态4呼吸状态出现的原因可能有助于针对线粒体氧利用率降低的现象，找出有效提高人体运动能力的方法。