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1.
This paper outlines a dialectical conceptualisation of children’s agency for the purposes of multidisciplinary educational theory and practice. We illuminate five contradictory but connected dimensions of children’s agency, or the dialectics of agency, identified from theoretical debate between sociologically and psychologically oriented educational literature: Agency (1) as enacted and imagined; (2) as situatively emergent and progressively developmental; (3) as dependence and separation; (4) as mastery and submission; and (5) as control and freedom. We examine these contradictions ‘at work’ in an ethnographic early education case study. We argue that the children’s struggles towards agency and adults’ efforts and failures to support children in their struggles can be conceptualised as a dialectical movement that has a potential to develop the educational practice itself. Our dialectical reading of both data and theory helps to highlight the challenges the practitioners face when supporting children’s agency and the solutions they implement when doing so.  相似文献   

2.
This paper examines early childhood education (ECE) by applying and developing relational-spatial perspectives on everyday life in educational institutions for young children. The aim is to investigate the dynamic process of construction of space and to illustrate with selected empirical episodes how this process occurs in ECE. Drawing on authors such as Soja and Bourdieu, the starting point for the analysis is that space is socially produced in everyday interactions in a process that intertwines the physical environment and concrete objects, personal interpretations of physical and cultural space, and cultural and collective views about space in ECE. We illustrate this process with ethnographic data from two day care centers. The analysis shows how children and educators engage in the process of constructing space from diverse positions and how the institutional context is embedded within this process.  相似文献   

3.
Play is valued conceptually and pedagogically, although its place in early years settings is under increasing pressure. Framed by the sociology of childhood and understandings of children’s agency, this article reports on an ethnographic study with children aged five years in the first year of primary school in Australia. The study investigated children's understandings of play in classroom activities involving different periods of teacher-framed and child-selected activities. Drawing on children’s accounts and video-recorded observations, the study found that children’s participation was influenced by teacher-framed agendas, and the agency afforded to them to engage in self-chosen activities and to design and negotiate their play spaces. For instance, children generally were unenthusiastic about writing activities and called these activities ‘work’ if they were directed by the teacher, and yet they consistently chose to engage in writing activities during periods of freely chosen activities. The findings raise questions about what counts as ‘play’ and ‘work’ for children, and the important function of play and free choice to mobilise participation in foundational academic activities such as writing. These understandings generate opportunities for educators to reflect upon ways to enhance children’s participation in everyday play activities in the classroom as supporting foundational academic activities.  相似文献   

4.
儿童学与小学语教育有着天然的联系,儿童学所包含的情感态度、价值观与语教育的目的是一致的、重合的,同时儿童学还是小学语教材一种重要的、又是很好的呈现方式。随着基础教育改革的深入,随着新课标的实施,儿童学在小学语教育中将会发挥越来越重要的作用。  相似文献   

5.
沈国琴 《教育学报》2001,(12):46-49
本文从德国中小学体育的历史和现状两方面对德国中小学的体育作了介绍,并分析了德国中小学体育教学的特点.  相似文献   

6.
7.
HIV/AIDS can no longer be regarded solely as a public health issue as its impact extends well into all spheres of life, sectors of society and levels of the education system. This paper argues that not only is it paramount to draw on children's understanding of the impact of AIDS on their lives, but it is equally important to draw on their solutions in order to foster their agency. Using the ‘draw and write’ methods, this research explores children's perception of the impact of HIV/AIDS and their understanding of the capabilities needed in order for them to become active change agents. The findings indicate that short-term intervention programmes are insufficient in curbing the HIV trends and in mitigating its impact. The authors argue that there is now a paramount need to re-evaluate the role and goal of education to allow it to serve as a prophylaxis for HIV/AIDS.  相似文献   

8.
德国职业教育“双元制”提法之商榷   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
德国职业教育体系本质特征的不合理之处在于将职业教育地点作为分类标准,掩盖了学校和企业的不平等状态,误用系统概念,这些使得双元制概念无法点透德国职业教育本质特征。如果从外部视角可分析德国职业导向的社会特征,从内部视角分析职业教育制度运行和教学实践的职业导向特征,可归纳出德国职业教育的本质特征,即职业导向。  相似文献   

9.
Abstract

Historically, in Germany individuals with special needs have been offered participation in physical education (PE) both in segregated and increasingly in integrated settings. Specific curricula for children with disabilities (physical disabilities, hearing, and visual impairments, speech and behaviour disorders as well as intellectual disabilities) were developed in the 1960s and 1970s. They all emphasized the specific importance of physical activities for people with a disability focusing not only on motor competencies but also on the psychological and social benefits of physical education. During the 1970s so‐called model schools started to include children with disabilities in mainstream schools. Unlike developments in the United States, for example, where integrated or mainstream schooling was based on legal requirements, in Germany improved integration or inclusion was not based on federal law, but on parents’ or teachers’ initiatives in different Bundesländer (states of Germany). Parallel to these developments, new approaches to PE have accentuated a positive orientation towards ‘ability’ rather than ‘disability’. Professionals in PE in universities and in schools have been challenged to develop better diagnostic skills and more individualized programmes. On the initiative of nine European universities, a European Master's degree of Adapted Physical Activity has been developed to offer advanced training on a European scale. However, despite these positive and innovative developments serious concerns remain concerning the situation of children with disabilities in the school system. This article argues that there is still a significant lack of specially trained professionals and support staff and that the ongoing process of reducing the amount of PE in schools for all children, including those with a disability, does not contribute to improved physical and social skills or increased participation in recreational and sport activities outside schools.  相似文献   

10.
德国职业教育给我国高职教育带来的启示   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文通过对德国职业教育体系、职业教学方法与理念、以及教师在职业教育中的角色介绍,结合其可借鉴的经验,阐述了德国职业教育对我国高职教育的启示。  相似文献   

11.
This paper provides new empirical evidence on primary pupils’ views on school attendance in Wales at Key Stage 2. The research was conducted as part of the specific evidence commissioned by the Welsh Assembly Government (WAG) for the National Behaviour and Attendance Review (NBAR) in Wales which was chaired by the lead author. The findings indicate that nearly every child and young person who participated in the specially convened focus groups, in practically every setting, had a good awareness of the benefits of attending school regularly. They were all acutely aware of the potential consequences of non‐attendance both within their current setting and as it could potentially affect their later chances in life. They also understood the law regarding school attendance. They were clear about the attendance regulations within their own school settings. They were however, particularly concerned about bullying in all its forms, the use of supply teachers and “boring” teaching styles. Rewards for good attendance were generally appreciated. The implications of the findings are considered. This paper is the first of its kind to be undertaken in Wales and in the field of school attendance and opens up considerable possibilities for further research.  相似文献   

12.
苏霍姆林斯基提出教育的和谐性、全面性。而小学教育是儿童真正接受教育的开始,根据小学儿童的身心发展的阶段性和规律性,只有在不同的发展阶段,给予适当的教育方法,才能使他们身心在教育过程中得到发展与提高,才能有效地促进儿童发展的协调性。  相似文献   

13.
Despite the wide implications of attachment theory there remains a lack of research exploring interventions which encapsulate the principles of an attachment-based framework in the school context. The aim of this research was to address this gap by implementing an intervention for a group of five primary-aged pupils with identified insecure attachment styles, and a key adult figure in the school context. The 10 week intervention consisted of weekly sessions based in a mainstream primary school. The research adopted a mixed methodology, with a predominant qualitative focus. The perceptions of children in relation to attachment concepts were explored both before and following the intervention. The findings revealed positive changes in the children’s behaviours and experiences, in that the children’s Internal Working Models were positively shifted, and impacted on their social and emotional behaviours.  相似文献   

14.
儿童健康状况已列入社会文明进步的重要指标。《中小学健康教育指导纲要》表明我国对儿童健康教育的重视。本文通过对《纲要》解析,论述小学低年级健康教育独特特点,并提供解决策略。  相似文献   

15.
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is making it a requirement of all schools within the Emirates (both public and private) to follow a programme of moral education (MEP), at all ages from grades 1 to 13, which is designed centrally. Explicitly secular and humanist in its approach, this is a remarkable development in a country where Islam is the official religion and where traditional practices and values are deeply rooted. However, it provides an example of an education initiative designed to contribute to a national strategic ambition—that of developing the UAE as a progressive, enlightened country, and one where its residents share a common culture despite the diversity of their origins. This paper describes the programme and sets it in the context of ‘virtue education’, following a philosophical and ethical tradition to which both Arab and Western philosophers have contributed.  相似文献   

16.
17.
While respect for human rights has long been endorsed as a goal of education, only recently has significant attention been paid to the need to incorporate rights within educational processes. Current support for human rights within education, however, has a variety of motivations. This paper provides a theoretical exploration of these diverse justifications, leading to a normative proposal. A distinction is made between status-based and instrumental approaches. Human rights within education can be justified from a status-based perspective on the basis of their indivisibility, meaning that the right to education must not entail an infringement of other rights. Yet while rights-respecting environments are important sites of learning, instrumental justifications can be a source of concern, if the goals in question are irrelevant or inimical to the enhancement of rights. An argument, therefore, is put forward for a simultaneous realisation of embodiment of and opportunity for learning about human rights.  相似文献   

18.
在传统与现代之间:20世纪德国高等教育   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
:2 0世纪的德国高等教育在变化多端的政治和社会背景下经历了曲折的发展过程 ,由盛入衰。从文化或观念的层面分析 ,德国大学传统的组织理念是与 1 9世纪作坊式的科学活动方式相匹配的 ,因而大大促进了科学的发展。但随着科学由作坊式的小科学向企业化的大科学过渡 ,建立在传统大学理念之上的德国大学 ,在 2 0世纪受到科学本身的发展和高等教育发展两方面的挑战 ,面临种种危机  相似文献   

19.
本文通过对英、美两国小学健康教育标准和教科书的比较,分析两国健康教育目标、内容和方式的特点,以及教科书编制、文字和插图等呈现方式的特色,以寻求国际小学健康教育的共同发展趋势,为我国小学健康教育的改革提供借鉴。  相似文献   

20.
This paper summarises some English research findings related to educational inequality, particularly in inner urban schools. It documents how differences related to relative poverty are reflected in patterns of educational attainment as revealed by national tests results. It considers and evaluates how the issue of educational inequality in England has been tackled.  相似文献   

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