炉渣去除福州平原稻田水中磷的模拟实验研究

以福州平原稻田为研究对象,以炉渣作为吸附剂,用静态吸附实验方法研究炉渣对不同生长期的水稻田间水除磷的一般规律。重点探讨温度、pH、初始磷浓度等对炉渣处理含磷废水有效性的影响。利用实验数据拟合等温吸附模型,用以预测一定条件下炉渣的最大吸附量。研究结果表明:炉渣吸附量随温度和pH的增加呈现先减小后增加的趋势;炉渣吸附量随初始磷浓度的增加而增加,但增加量逐渐变小;炉渣吸附量随时间变化在2h后基本达到平衡,但一段时间过后,炉渣吸附有可能继续进行达到新的平衡;Langmuir曲线能较好地拟合炉渣吸附时间动态曲线,推测炉渣吸附属于单层吸附,且在一定的吸附条件下,炉渣存在饱和吸附量,但该数值受多因素影响。     

改性沸石静态吸附钒的实验研究

通过采用静态吸附法,利用改性沸石处理含钒废水。实验考察了固液比、吸附温度、吸附时间、pH和浓度对钒吸附率的影响。实验结果表明,在废水的浓度为80 mg/L的前提下,最佳工艺条件:固液比1∶5,吸附温度30℃、吸附时间30 m in,pH=6。在此条件下,废水中钒的浓度降为1 mg/L,沸石吸附率可达98%。改性沸石吸附法操作过程简单,成本低,吸附过程中无二次污染物生成,对保护环境和人类的健康具有重要意义。     

活性污泥对直接耐晒黑G的吸附动力学及热力学研究

以污水厂的活性污泥为吸附剂,对水溶液中的直接耐晒黑G(Direct Black G,DB G)进行吸附性能研究.考察了污泥pH、吸附时间、污泥量、离子浓度和温度等对吸附的影响,对吸附热力学和吸附动力学进行了探讨.结果表明,污泥可以快速吸附水中的DB G,污泥吸附DB G时最佳污泥pH为1;离子浓度和温度变化对污泥吸附DB G的影响很小;Freundlich方程可以较好的描述DB G在污泥上的吸附等温过程;污泥对DB G的吸附行为可以用假二级动力学来描述,其吸附过程受膜扩散和颗粒扩散的共同影响,DB G质量浓度越高,前者影响作用越大.热力学分析表明污泥对DB G的吸附为自发、吸热过程,温度升高自发进行的趋势增大.     

木麻黄叶状枝粉末对Cr（Ⅵ）离子的吸附性能

以木麻黄叶状枝粉末作为生物吸附剂,研究其对重金属离子Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能和吸附规律,并探讨了溶液酸度、振荡时间、溶液初始浓度、吸附剂用量等因素的影响.结果表明,在吸附剂用量为0.3g、pH值为1、Cr（Ⅵ）初始浓度小于100mg/L、吸附时间为90min的条件下,相应的吸附容量和吸附率可达3.98mg/g和99.9%,残余的Cr（Ⅵ）浓度小于0.5mg/L,达国家工业废水排放标准GB18918-2002;正交实验结果表明,影响木麻黄吸附剂对Cr（Ⅵ）吸附效果的主次因素顺序为pH值〉吸附振荡时间〉吸附剂用量〉吸附液浓度.     

中药渣生物炭的制备及其对水中六价铬离子的吸附实验研究

研究不仅能够解决水中六价铬离子污染问题也可以解决中药废渣处理问题。首先，将中药渣制备成生物炭，然后进行单因子吸附实验，包括确认重铬酸钾溶液的初始浓度、吸附反应时间、吸附剂用量、吸附反应温度及pH值等为变量，最后进行吸附模型拟合和正交实验。研究结果表明，单因子实验最佳条件结果如下：重铬酸钾溶液的初始浓度50 mg/L,反应时间3 h,投加生物炭量0.6 g、温度为30℃,pH值为5;正交实验表明各因子主次影响为初始浓度>投加量>pH值；吸附等温线Langmuir模型拟合效果更好。     

新型黄原酸酯对废水中Cd2+的吸附研究

利用柚子皮纤维素制备新型黄原酸酯(SCX),对废水中Cd2 进行吸附研究。通过对影响其吸附效果的SCX用量、Cd2 初始浓度、pH值、反应温度、吸附时间等因素进行吸附实验。结果表明:当废水中Cd2 初始浓度为15mg/L时,0.022gSCX对Cd2 去除率高达99.36%,其吸附容量达33.87mg/g,具有良好的吸附性。SCX对Cd2 的吸附符合Langmiur和Freundlich方程。     

氨水浓度对果壳活性炭结构及性能的影响

采用氨水浸渍法对果壳活性炭进行改性处理,讨论不同氨水浓度（5%、10%、15%、20%）对果壳活性炭结构及性能的影响。采用场发射扫描电镜、比表面及孔径分析仪及紫外分光光度计对改性后的果壳活性炭结构及吸附性能进行研究。结果表明:氨水浓度对果壳活性炭的结构及吸附性能有显著影响,当氨水浓度为10%时,活性炭表面形态清晰,凹槽分布均匀,比表面积提高至775.1382m2/g,较改性前提高了6.5%;改性前后活性炭微孔孔径集中分布在3.5 nm;果壳活性炭的吸附率随氨水浓度的变化而变化,当氨水浓度为10%和15%时,吸附率分别达到86.51%和86.54%,吸附率相比改性前有所提高。而当氨水浓度进一步增加时,活性炭对苯酚的吸附率略微下降。     

烟煤吸附铜离子研究性实验

设计了物理化学研究性实验——烟煤对铜离子的吸附性能研究,以烟煤为吸附剂,通过静态吸附实验研究其对铜离子的吸附性能,考察了烟煤样品处理方式、吸附时间、铜离子浓度对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,烟煤对铜离子具有良好的吸附作用,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,吸附等温曲线符合Langmuir模型。     

蒙脱土对钙离子的吸附特性研究

本文采用静态吸附的方法考查了吸附时间、Ca2＋浓度对蒙脱土吸附Ca2＋的影响,并对此吸附过程的热力学及动力学进行了分析。应用Langmuir和Freundlich模型描述吸附等温线,吸附速率以准二级、准一级动力学方程进行拟合。实验结果表明,蒙脱土吸附Ca2＋的吸附更好地符合Freundlich模型;吸附符合准二级动力学方程,计算得出其活化能是19.460kJ/mol;zeta电位测试结果说明,本实验条件下,吸附类型以物理吸附为主。     

交联壳聚糖对亚硝酸根离子的吸附性能

以壳聚糖为原料,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂制备出交联壳聚糖,并用红外光谱对其结构进行表征。以8-羟基喹啉作偶合试剂分光光度法测定吸附后的亚硝酸根离子的浓度,研究了交联壳聚糖对亚硝酸根离子的吸附性能。结果表明,交联壳聚糖的用量、吸附时间、亚硝酸根离子的初始浓度、吸附温度和溶液pH值都对交联壳聚糖吸附亚硝酸根离子的性能有较大影响,满足实验所得的最佳吸附条件时,吸附率可达92.5%;而在相同条件下,壳聚糖对亚硝酸根离子的吸附率却只有10%左右。壳聚糖交联壳聚糖对亚硝酸根离子的吸附机理,既有固体表面的物理吸附,也有溶液中离子之间的静电吸附,即质子化的阳离子CCTS-NH3+与阴离子NO2-的静电引力吸附。     

啤酒酵母对Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的吸附探究

文中利用啤酒酵母去除模拟废水中Zn2+、Mn2、Cu2+,通过对预处理试剂、吸附温度、吸附液pH值与浸泡时间等因素进行正交分析,确定了影响吸附的主要因素是酸度和预处理试剂.研究pH值、离子初始浓度、吸附时间、离子强度等条件对吸附率的影响,结果表明,用NaOH浸泡后2h,在pH=5~6时吸附效果最好.用吸附等温线Langmuir(exe)、Freundlich和Temkin方程拟合,相关性都比较好.用不同的吸附动力学方程描述啤酒酵母吸附金属离子的最优模型为Elovich方程.     

Adsorption characteristics of activated carbon derived from scrap tires for malachite green: Influence of small organics

The influence of small organics on the adsorption characteristics of activated carbon produced from industrial pyrolytic tire char（APTC）for malachite green（MG） was investigated by a batch method. Phenol was chosen as the representative of small organics. The effects of phenol on adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics were studied systematically. The results indicate that APTC is a potential adsorbent for MG. The presence of phenol decreases the adsorption capacity of APTC for MG, but improves the rate of adsorption, while the adsorption characteristics, such as equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics are not affected by phenol. The adsorption equilibrium data follow Langmuir isotherm and the kinetic data are well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption process follows intra-particle diffusion model and the adsorption rate is determined by more than one process. Thermodynamic study shows that the adsorption is an endothermic and spontaneous physisorption process.     

Competitive adsorption of Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb by agricultural soils of the Changjiang and Zhujiang deltas in China

Soils can often be contaminated simultaneously by more than one heavy metal. The sorption-desorption behavior of a metal in a soil will be affected by the presence of other metals. Therefore, selective retention and competitive adsorption of the soils to heavy metals can affect their availability and movement through the soils. In this study, the simultaneous competitive adsorption of four heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb) on ten agricultural soils collected from the Changjiang and Zhujiang deltas, China was assessed. The results showed that the competition affected the behavior of heavy metal cations in such a way that the soils adsorbed less Cd and Hg, and more Pb and Cu with increasing total metal concentrations, regardless of the molar concen- tration applied. As the applied concentrations increased, Pb and Cu adsorption increased, while Cd and Hg adsorption decreased. The adsorption sequence most found was Pb>Cu>Hg>Cd. The maximum adsorption capacity for the heavy metal cations was calculated, and affected markedly by soil properties. The results suggest that Hg and Cd have higher mobility associated to the lower adsorption and that Pb and Cu present the opposite behavior. Significant correlations were found between the maximum adsorption capacity of the metals and pH value and exchangeable acid, suggesting that soil pH and exchangeable acid were key factors controlling the solubility and mobility of the metals in the agricultural soils.     

铅在淀山湖沉积物上的吸附模型及其动力学研究

The adsorption characteristics of Pb on sediments of the Dianshan Lake in Shanghai was studied. The results show that (1)the relationship between the amount q of apparent equilibrium adsorption and the equilibrium concentration C conforms to the Freundlich isothermal adsorption equation; (2) the adsorption and desorption of Pb on sediments are not reversible, that is, adsorption/desorption of Pb exhibits hysteresis; (3) Pb adsorption behavior is initially fast, followed by a slow reaction, and the slow reaction conforms to a reversible first-order reaction; (4) by deducing the Pb adsorption kinetics, four kinetics parameters n, k1, k2, qmax independent of C could be worked out; (5) the equilibrium parameter (K) and the free energy change (△G) could also be determined,and the negative values of free energy change (△G) indicate the spontaneous nature of the adsorption.     

天然有机质对锑的吸附及氧化

由于人类活动的影响,环境中的Sb污染越来越严重。我国是一个产Sb大国,由于长年的开采及冶炼,矿区周围的土壤、水、大气及植被均受到了不同程度的污染。另一方面,环境中普遍存在的天然有机质,由于其表面富有大量的官能团,能与环境中的Sb结合,从而影响这一污染物在环境中的迁移、转化及生物有效性。本文主要讨论了天然有机质对Sb的吸附及氧化作用的研究进展。     

一种海底含气软土的室内模拟制样方法

基于沸石的微孔吸附特性,以沸石为中间介质研究模拟制备含气软土沉积物的方法;通过沸石对CH4、N2、CO2和H24种不同气体的吸附/脱附试验,探讨了沸石掺量与置换气量之间的关系,利用CT扫描试验检验了所制含气效果;基于微型十字板剪切试验,分析了土体不排水剪切强度与沸石掺量之间的关系.实验结果表明:在同等条件下,沸石掺量与...     

介孔分子筛MCM-41对铅离子吸附性能研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作模板剂,正硅酸乙脂(TEOS)为硅源,氨水(NH3.H2O)为碱性介质的条件下在常温下快速合成出了介孔分子筛MCM-41。采用X射线衍射(XRD)对合成样品进行了表征,XRD结果表明合成的MCM-41具备高的结构规整度。将该MCM-41作为吸附剂,对水中铅离子的吸附进行了研究。实验结果表明:MCM-41用量、吸附时间、吸附温度和pH值均影响其对铅离子的吸附率;其吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程式;其等温吸附行为可以用Langmuir等温线来描述。     

Adsorption of Pb（Ⅱ） on Sediment of the Dianshan Lake：Adsorption Models and Kinetics

The adsorption characteristics of Pb on sediments of the Dianshan Lake in Shanghai was studied. The results show that (1)the relationship between the amount q of apparent equilibrium adsorption and the equilibrium concentration C conforms to the Freundlich isothermal adsorption equation; (2) the adsorption and desorption of Pb on sediments are not reversible, that is, adsorption/desorption of Pb exhibits hysteresis; (3) Pb adsorption behavior is initially fast, followed by a slow reaction, and the slow reaction conforms to a reversible first-order reaction; (4) by deducing the Pb adsorption kinetics, four kinetics parameters n, k1, k2, qmax independent of C could be worked out; (5) the equilibrium parameter (K) and the free energy change (ΔG) could also be determined,and the negative values of free energy change (ΔG) indicate the spontaneous nature of the adsorption.     

MgAl-LDHs及其葡萄糖改性材料的磷吸附性能对比

采用均匀共沉淀法合成镁铝层状双氢氧化物,并加入葡萄糖得到改性材料MgAl-C-LDHs,以XRD、FTIR、N2吸脱附表征材料,通过静态吸附实验测试其对磷酸盐的吸附容量,结合吸附等温线模型和吸附动力学模型解析吸附过程。实验表明:改性后的MgAl-C-LDHs比MgAl-LDHs的比表面积提高16%,对磷的吸附容量提高19%。朗缪尔模型能更好描述MgAl-LDHs对磷酸盐的吸附行为,MgAl-LDHs表面相对均匀,吸附以单层吸附为主?弗兰德里希模型能更好描述MgAl-C-LDHs对磷酸盐的吸附行为,MgAl-C-LDHs对磷酸盐以多层吸附为主。MgAl-LDHs和MgAl-C-LDHs对磷酸盐的吸附与伪二级动力学吸附模型更吻合,吸附过程均主要受化学吸附控制。     

不同酸性条件下豆渣对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附研究

研究了不同酸性条件下豆渣对水中Cd(II)的吸附特征.结果表明:(1)在强酸(pH=2.0)、中等酸性(pH=4.0)和弱酸(pH=6.0)条件下时豆渣对Cd(II)的最大吸附率分别为55.4%、99.2%和79.4%,中等酸性条件下豆渣对水中Cd(II)的吸附率最大.(2)豆渣对Cd(II)的吸附过程遵循F方程;而L方程对弱酸条件下的吸附过程拟合较好(R2>0.99).在中等酸性和弱酸条件下,豆渣吸附Cd(II)是向有利于吸附的方向进行的,而在强酸条件下则不利于吸附.