A system for screening agonists targeting β2-adrenoceptor from Chinese medicinal herbs

In order to develop a model for screening the agonists of human 132-adrenoceptor from Chinese medicinal herbs extracts, we used a cell-based functional assay based on a common G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) regulation mechanism and destabilized enhanced green fluorescent protein (d2EGFP) reporter gene technique. The positive cell clone was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and imaging analysis. To assess the value of this model, we screened over 2000 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fractionated samples from the ethanol extracts of Chinese medicinal herbs. Six fractions (isolated from Panax japonicus, Veratrum nigrum, Phellodendron amurense, Fructus Aurantii Imrnaturus, Chaenomeles speciosa, and Dictamnus dasycarpus) showed significant effects on active reporter gene expression, three of which (isolated from Phellodendron amurense, Fructus Aurantii lmmaturus, and Chaenomeles speciosa) were selected for further concentration re-sponse analysis and the half maximal effective concentration (ECI/2 max) values were 4.2, 2.7, and 4.8 μg/ml, respectively.Therefore, this reporter gene assay was suitable for screening β2-adrenoceptor agonists. The results suggest that the six herbal extracts are the possible agonists of β2-adrenoceptor.     

A system for screening agonists targeting β2-adrenoceptor from chinese medicinal herbs

In order to develop a model for screening the agonists of human β₂-adrenoceptor from Chinese medicinal herbs extracts, we used a cell-based functional assay based on a common G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) regulation mechanism and destabilized enhanced green fluorescent protein (d₂EGFP) reporter gene technique. The positive cell clone was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and imaging analysis. To assess the value of this model, we screened over 2000 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fractionated samples from the ethanol extracts of Chinese medicinal herbs. Six fractions (isolated from Panax japonicus, Veratrum nigrum, Phellodendron amurense, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Chaenomeles speciosa, and Dictamnus dasycarpus) showed significant effects on active reporter gene expression, three of which (isolated from Phellodendron amurense, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, and Chaenomeles speciosa) were selected for further concentration response analysis and the half maximal effective concentration (EC_{1/2 max}) values were 4.2, 2.7, and 4.8 μg/ml, respectively. Therefore, this reporter gene assay was suitable for screening β₂-adrenoceptor agonists. The results suggest that the six herbal extracts are the possible agonists of β₂-adrenoceptor. Project (No. 30873103) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

中草药对柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊孢子化的影响

为筛选有效的体外抗球虫中草药,研究了苦参、商陆等23味中草药对柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊孢子化的影响.将未孢子化球虫卵囊分别在质量百分浓度为25%、50%、100%的上述药物中进行培养,分别在第18h,24h,36h,48h观察球虫卵囊的孢子化率.然后洗去药物,在重铬酸钾中继续培养,分别在第18h,24h,36h观察球虫卵囊的孢子化率.结果表明:在23味中草药中,苦参等抑制效果不明显;商陆等具有较好的抑制作用,随时间的延长,球虫卵囊的孢子化率呈下降趋势,且药物浓度越高,抑制效果越好.     

中草药明目退翳的疗效观察

目的：观察中草药对角膜翳的疗效。方法：用中草药（基本方加减）治疗角膜翳，每日一次，可酌情加用三七液滴眼。结果：总有效率为84．5％。其中治疗病毒性角膜炎29例47只眼，有效率为87．2％；前房积脓性角膜炎19例19只眼，有效率为84．2％；角膜外伤17例18只眼，有效率为77．8％。     

凉血活血中药治疗重度黄疸型肝炎的疗效观察

目的:观察大剂量凉血活血中药对重度黄疸型肝炎的疗效;方法:将重度黄疸型肝炎随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组除常规使用西药护肝外加用大剂量凉血活血中药(大黄、丹参、赤芍等)治疗,与常规西药护肝治疗对照;结果:治疗组退黄降酶总有效率为88.89％,优于单用西药护肝组(58.46％),P<0.01。结论:大剂量凉血活血中药结合常规西药护肝治疗重度黄疸型肝炎对于退黄、降酶的疗效明显优于单用西药治疗,且无明显副作用。     

峨眉岩白菜提取物抗肿瘤研究

目的：研究峨眉岩白菜提取物体内外抗肝肿瘤作用。方法：应用MTT法和移植性S180实体荷瘤小鼠。研究不同剂量提取物的体内体外抗肿瘤作用。结果：峨眉岩白菜提取物对体外培养的人肺癌A549细胞增殖有显著的抑制作用。抑制作用与浓度有明显的依赖关系,且随提取浓度的增大,抑制效果越好;荷瘤小鼠模型研究表明,提取物对S180有显著的抑制作用,当剂量为400mg/kg时对肿瘤的抑制效果最好,抑瘤率达52.11％。     

中草药综合开发利用的横向意义

本文从“变废为宝”“亦药亦蔬”“杀虫农药”三个方面论述了中草药的综合开发前景广阔,大有可为。“变废为宝”举例说明了中草药的药用部位可以扩大,充分利用中药材资源。“亦药亦蔬”,说明了中草药作保健食品俯拾皆是。“杀虫农药”以实例说明中药不仅用来治疗人、畜疾病,也可作农药用于植物。     

齐墩果酸结构修饰及抗肿瘤活性的研究进展

在植物来源的活性先导物的基础上,研究其化学结构与生物活性的关系,进而进行化学修饰研究,以提高化合物的活性和降低毒性是研制新药的一条有效途径.齐敦果酸属于五环三萜类化合物,广泛存在于自然界中,具有多种显著的生物活性,是一种具有开发潜力的先导化合物.本文综述了近年来齐墩果酸结构修饰及抗肿瘤活性的研究进展.     

40种中药材孳生粉螨的调查

调查淮南地区储藏的40种中药材共400份,从中用清水漂浮法和塔氏电热集螨器分离法分离出粉螨27种,隶属6科16属,污染率达100％,其中两种以上粉螨（含两种）污染的中药材达14种,占35％。可见中药材粉螨污染严重。     

DPPH和FRAP法测定41种中草药抗氧化活性

为了测定41种抗衰老中草药的抗氧化活性,筛选了抗氧化作用强的中草药。实验采用70%的乙醇作溶剂,超声细胞破碎仪对药物进行提取,抗氧化能力的测定使用分光光度计,应用DPPH和FRAP进行测定。通过测定41种中草药乙醇提取液对DPPH自由基的清除能力和FRAP值,表征其抗氧化能力。结果表明:何首乌、大黄、淫羊藿、山楂、白芍、山茱萸等在10 mg/mL的浓度下,对DPPH自由基的清除率超过70%,总抗氧化能力的FRAP值>200,抗氧化能力较强;其他药物也有不同程度的抗氧化活性,但作用较弱。     

青木香(Aristolochia debillis Sieb.et Zucc.)的抗菌活性

通过琼脂平板扩散试验和双倍稀释试验,对青木香(Aristolochia debillis Sieb.et Zucc.)的石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和甲醇提取物进行了抗细菌和抗真菌作用的研究,在三种提取物中,只有甲醇提取物对试验的所有革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌都表现出显著的抗菌作用,乙酸乙酯提取物只对测试的部分细菌显示出抗菌作用,石油醚提取物不具有抗菌活性.甲醇提取物比乙酸乙酯提取物具有更强的抗菌作用和更广的抗菌谱.三种提取物对所有试验的真菌都没有显示出抗菌作用.     

纯天然保健饮料—绿薏汁的研制

本研究选用药食兼用型原料薏仁米和绿豆,再配以微量中草药,配制成清凉解渴,并且有一定保健作用的纯天然保健饮料,该饮料清凉、解渴、滋补、强身。     

中草药提取物"益绿素"对鸡免疫器官发育的影响

试验研究了中草药提取物"益绿素"对鸡免疫器官发育的影响。选用160只1日龄健康雏鸡随机分为试验组和对照组,中草药提取物"益绿素"分别按0%和0.2%添加到对照组和试验组鸡的基础日粮中,试验期30d。试验结束时从各组随机抽取30只鸡进行屠宰,采集鸡的胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊等样本。应用组织学方法制作组织切片,显微观察中草药提取物"益绿素"对鸡免疫器官发育的影响。结果表明对照组鸡的胸腺皮质较试验组薄,胸腺小体较试验组多,淋巴细胞排列较为疏松;试验组鸡脾脏红髓和白髓界限清晰,脾小体明显,动脉周围淋巴鞘厚,对照组鸡脾小体少且小动脉周围淋巴鞘较薄,淋巴细胞排列较疏松;对照组鸡法氏,囊皱襞缩小,并有退化萎缩现象;试验组鸡法氏囊皱襞较宽,法氏囊小结较大。中草药提取物"益绿素"作为饲料添加剂对鸡免疫器官的发育有明显的促进作用。     

药与魏晋南北朝山水诗之关系

文章指出，药与魏晋南北朝时期山水诗的兴起与日渐成熟有密切关系。出于养生和消疾的需要，服药之举与采药之行成为魏晋南北朝时人追奉的风尚，成为他们重要的生活内容。为满足服药之需，人们“不远千里”，“穷诸名山，泛沧海”以采药石，山水在满足时人药石之需的同时亦培养和提高了他们的山水之趣，药因此与山水及山水诗有了直接的联系。东晋，尤其是在晋宋之交，服药与采药的活动极为频繁且更加地普遍化，中国士人山水审美情趣亦于此时得以确立，而山水审美情趣的形成，是山水诗发展的基础。     

粉被虫草提取物抗癌作用初步研究

研究粉被虫草乙酸乙酯提取物和水提取物的体外抗肿瘤作用．人工发酵培养粉被虫草茵丝体,采用MTT和SRB法观察粉被虫草乙酸乙酯提取物、水提取物对人肝癌细胞株BEL-7402、人结肠癌细胞株COL0205的抑制作用．结果表明：粉被虫草水提取物对人结肠癌细胞COL0205抑制作用不显著,粉被虫草乙酸乙酯提取物对BEL-7402细胞抑制作用不显著．     

一种噻二唑类杂环化合物抗K562肿瘤活性研究

研究噻二唑类杂环化合物对人白血病K562癌细胞的体外抗肿瘤活性筛选。方法:利用MTT法间接测定各化合物对肿瘤细胞后的生长情况,并计算出肿瘤细胞的抑制率,选择抑制率较高的化合物进行深入研究,计算其半数抑制浓度(IC50),并考察其浓度-生长率线性关系。结果:大部分化合物均显示了较好的人白血病K562癌细胞抑制活性,化合物1抑制率达92.01%,IC50为7.07×10-5mol/L,浓度-生长率R2=0.986。结论:噻二唑类杂环化合物具有较好的抗肿瘤活性。     

Effects of two medicinal plants Psidium guajava L. （Myrtaceae） and Diospyros mespiliformis L. （Ebenaceae） leaf extracts on rat skeletal muscle cells in primary culture

Crude decoction, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of two medicinal plants （Psidiura guajava and Diospyros raespiliformis）, widely used in the central plateau of Burkina Faso to treat many diseases were evaluated for their antagonistic effects on caffeine induced calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum of rat skeletal muscle cells. These different extracts showed a decrease of caffeine induced calcium release in a dose dependent manner. Comparison of the results showed that Psidiura guajava leaf extracts are more active than extracts of Diospyros mespiliformis and that crude decoctions show better inhibitory activity. The observed results could explaine their use as antihypertensive and antidiarrhoeal agents in traditional medicine, by inhibiting intracellular calcium release.     

Antibacterial and antifungal activities of different parts of Tribulus terrestris L. growing in Iraq

Antimicrobial activity of organic and aqueous extracts from fruits, leaves and roots of Tribulus terrestris L., an Iraqi medicinal plant used as urinary anti-infective in folk medicine, was examined against 11 species of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Escherichia coli,Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans using microdilution method in 96 multiwell microtiter plates. All the extracts from the different parts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most tested microorganisms. The most active extract against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was ethanol extract from the fruits with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.15 mg/ml against B. subtilis,B. cereus, P. vulgaris and C. diphtheriae. In addition, the same extract from the same plant part demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity against C. albicans with an MIC value of 0.15 mg/ml.     

In vitro assay for the anti-brucella activity of medicinal plants against tetracycline-resistant Brucella melitensis

Brucellosis, a zoonosis caused by four species of brucella, has a high morbidity. Brucella melitensis is the main causative agent of brucellosis in both human and small ruminants. As an alternative to conventional antibiotics, medicinal plants are valuable resources for new agents against antibiotic-resistant strains. The aim of this study was to investigate the usage of native plants for brucellosis treatment. For this purpose, the anti-brucella activities of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Salvia sclarea, Oliveria decumbens, Ferulago angulata, Vitex pseudo-negundo, Teucrium polium, Plantago ovata, Cordia myxa, and Crocus sativus were assessed. The activity against a resistant Br. melitensis strain was determined by disc diffusion method at various concentrations from 50–400 mg/ml. Antibiotic discs were also used as a control. Among the evaluated herbs, six plant (Salvia sclarea, Oliveria decumbens, Ferulago angulata, Vitex pseudo-negundo, Teucrium polium, and Crocus sativus) showed anti-brucella activity. Oliveria decumbens was chosen as the most effective plant for further studies. A tested isolate exhibited resistance to tetracycline, nafcillin, oxacillin, methicillin, and colistin. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for Oliveria decumbens against resistant Br. melitensis were the same (5 mg/ml), and for gentamicin they were both 2 mg/ml. Time-kill kinetics for a methanolic extract of Oliveria decumbens was 7 h whereas for an ethanolic extract it was 28 h. Also, Oliveria decumbens extracts showed a synergistic effect in combination with doxycycline and tetracycline. In general, the similar values of MIC and MBC for Oliveria decumbens suggest that these extracts could act as bactericidal agents against Br. melitensis. In addition to Oliveria decumbens, Crocus sativus and Salvia sclarea also had good anti-brucella activity and these should be considered for further study.     

青木香(Aristolochia debillis Sieb. et Zucc.)的抗菌活性(英文)

通过琼脂平板扩散试验和双倍稀释试验,对青木香(Aristolochia debillis Sieb. et Zucc.)的石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和甲醇提取物进行了抗细菌和抗真菌作用的研究,在三种提取物中,只有甲醇提取物对试验的所有革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌都表现出显著的抗菌作用,乙酸乙酯提取物只对测试的部分细菌显示出抗菌作用,石油醚提取物不具有抗菌活性.甲醇提取物比乙酸乙酯提取物具有更强的抗菌作用和更广的抗菌谱.三种提取物对所有试验的真菌都没有显示出抗菌作用.