大学生体育锻炼的内部动机和外部动机

通过对1 179名大学生问卷调查,对首次编制的锻炼外部动机量表进行了信度和效度检验,并考察了大学生锻炼外部动机和内部动机的关系,以及对锻炼行为的影响.结果表明:1)锻炼外部动机量表具有良好的信度和效度,配合MPAM-R锻炼内部动机量表可以较全面地测量大学生的锻炼动机;2)大学生的锻炼动机可以分为内部动机(乐趣、能力、外貌、健康和社交)和外部动机(制度和服从);3)外部动机和部分内部动机(乐趣动机、能力动机和健康动机)之间表现为负相关关系,外部动机和部分内部动机(外貌动机、社交动机)之间则表现为正相关关系;(4)激发锻炼内部动机有利于大学生积极参与体育锻炼,锻炼的外部动机太强可能抑制学生的内部动机,不利于学生长期坚持体育锻炼.     

体育学习内在动机的培养与激发

学生的体育成绩和在体育课是否努力,在很大程度上是由他们的运动动机决定的。教育学及心理学专家认为：运动动机是体育教学中最重要的因素之一,如教师能充分激发和维持学生的运动动机,学生将更加积极有效地学习练习。本文从学习动机的相关理论及如何合理激发学生学习的体育学习内部动机等方面加以探究,试图为教师激发学生体育学习内部动机提供一些方法和建议。     

大学生习武动机研究

文章采用文献综述法,对我国近年来发表的关于大学生习练武术的研究文献进行了分析,总结了当代大学生的习武动机。文章进一步对大学生习武动机的激发、培养与大学生习武的内部动机、外部动机方面进行了评述,并指出了今后研究的方向。     

湖南省高校高水平运动员运动动机的研究

本文从心理学的角度,以湖南省高校高水平运动员为调查对象进行了深入的研究,以探讨湖南省高校高水平运动员的运动动机水平、形态。结果显示：第一,湖南省高校高水平运动员的内部动机水平较低,外在约束和无动机水平较高。第二,湖南省高校高水平运动员在无动机维度显示出年级差异,其中高年级运动员的无动机水平和退出意图均比低年级运动员高,在内部动机、外部约束、内投、认同和动机总分上没有显著性差异;运动动机各维度（除了认同调节）没有显示出性别差异。     

大学生运动动机与锻炼行为的关系——自我决定理论的视角

从自我决定理论的视角出发,探索了大学生体育运动动机与锻炼行为的关系.分别采用改编的<运动情境动机量表>和<体育活动等级量表>进行运动动机和锻炼行为的测量,被试为西北民族大学196名在校大学生.研究结果发现,大学生参加运动的动机得分最高的是认同调节,其次依次为外在调节、内部动机、无动机.认同调节和内部动机与锻炼时间、锻炼强度、锻炼频率和运动量呈显著正相关,而外在调节和无动机则与锻炼时间、锻炼强度、锻炼频率和运动量呈显著负相关关系.内部动机和认同调节能够积极预测锻炼行为的各个方面,外在调节对锻炼强度具有显著负向预测作用,无动机对锻炼强度和锻炼频率都具有显著负向预测作用.     

野外生存生活训练对大学生内部动机影响的多维度测评研究

本研究在查阅大量参考文献的基础上,以上海交通大学和上海财经大学的部分学生为研究对象,采用问卷调查、比较分析和数理统计等方法,研究参加野外生存生活训练对学生内部动机的影响。研究结果表明,野外生存对激发大学生体育学习的内部动机具有显著增强的作用,主要体现在内部动机的主观能力和主观选择维度。     

浅谈运用动机理论激发大学生的运动参与

人们的行为是由动机引起的,动机是在人们的头脑中形成的激发或抑制某个人行为的愿望或意向,它是推动人们从事某种活动的内部心理因素。运动动机是指推动学生参与体育学习和身体锻炼的内部心理动因,文章从心理学、教育心理学、运动心理学和动机心理学等角度进行分析,运用文献资料法、数理统计法、实验法、访谈法就如何利用动机理论激发大学生的运动参与进行了较为详尽的阐述,以便对普通高校的体育教学质量的不断提高提供一点有效的建议与参考。     

大学生参与竞技舞龙的动机研究

运用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等研究方法,对参与竞技舞龙大学生的动机和行为进行分析,结果显示:1)参与舞龙运动学生的自我和集体效能感较高;参与运动的学生对舞龙运动赛事或活动的关注度较高;2)大学生参与舞龙运动的内部动机主要有促进身心健康、丰富自己的大学生活,获得体验等,外部动机主要集中在获得荣誉、奖励、传承龙狮文化等方面;3)学生参与舞龙运动的时间与内部动机呈显著性负相关,与外部动机呈显著性正相关.     

基于享乐动机系统接受模型的居民冰雪运动意愿研究

为提升居民冰雪运动意愿,促进我国冰雪运动高质量发展,本研究运用文献资料、专家访谈、问卷调查和数理统计等研究方法,基于享乐动机系统接受模型,对我国居民的冰雪运动意愿和体验展开研究。结果表明:感知易用性对好奇心、快乐、控制和感知有用性产生影响;好奇心、快乐和感知有用性对运动意愿产生影响;好奇心、快乐和控制对沉浸产生影响。研究认为享乐动机系统接受模型在我国冰雪运动研究领域中有良好的适应性,也进一步突出了内部动机对冰雪运动意愿和体验产生的重要影响。因此应激发居民参与冰雪运动的内部动机,树立冰雪运动意识、提高冰雪运动技能、增强冰雪运动体验。     

主观锻炼体验对大学生锻炼坚持性的影响：内部动机的中介作用

本文运用文献资料法、数理统计法探析大学生主观锻炼体验对锻炼坚持性的影响及作用机制。结果显示：(1)不同性别、年级和专业的大学生主观锻炼体验、内部动机和锻炼坚持性间差异显著;(2)主观锻炼体验能显著正向预测大学生锻炼坚持性和内部动机,内部动机能显著正向预测锻炼坚持性;(3)内部动机在主观锻炼体验对大学生锻炼坚持性影响中起部分中介效应。研究认为多方面提升大学生的运动体验感、激发内部动机,是提高锻炼坚持性的有效途径。     

体育的自然内在价值论

从自然价值角度看体育的内在价值,从运动和文化的自然价值角度来明晰体育的自然内在价值。运动属性是体育的自然内在价值的核心,文化属性是体育的自然内在价值的灵魂,现代体育需要自然内在价值的回归。     

Competition and Extrinsic Rewards: Effect on Intrinsic Motivation and Attribution

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of monetary rewards and success/failure on intrinsic motivation and causal attributions of males and females competing on a motor task. Multivariate analysis of variance produced a significant overall main effect for feedback, with subjects exhibiting more intrinsic motivation after success than after failure. The Sex × Feedback interaction (p < .09) indicated that males exhibited more intrinsic motivation than females after success, whereas females displayed more intrinsic motivation than males after failure. Attribution results showed that success was primarily attributed to high ability, high effort, and good luck while failure was attributed to low ability, low effort, and bad luck. Correlational analysis revealed that success was related to high ability, high effort, good luck, and high intrinsic motivation. Conversely, failure was associated with low ability, low effort, bad luck, and low intrinsic motivation. In addition, ability and effort were the causal attributes most related to changes in intrinsic motivation. The relationship between causal attributions and intrinsic motivation is discussed in terms of the self-enhancement hypothesis and Deci's cognitive evaluation theory. Implications for competitive physical activity are drawn.     

目标定向对大学生体育锻炼内在动机的影响

以470名大学生为被试,考察目标定向对大学牛体育锻炼内在动机的影响.结果表明,任务定向、自我定向、能力感、自主感和归属感直接影响体育锻炼内在动机.此外,任务定向通过自主感和归属感变量对内在动机产生间接调节效应,自我定向通过能力感变量对内在动机产生间接调节效应.     

Predictors of intrinsic motivation among adolescent students in physical education

This study examined the relationships among social factors, individual differences, intrinsic motivation, and effort and persistence in the physical education context using cognitive evaluation theory as a framework. Female (n = 201) and male (n = 206) high school students completed measures of motivational climate, teaching style, perceived competence, self-determination, goal orientations, and intrinsic motivation. Teachers rated the students on effort and persistence in the class activities. Hypothesized relationships among the variables were tested using structural equation modeling. Results revealed that perceived competence and goal orientations directly predicted intrinsic motivation and mediated the effects of motivational climate and teaching style on intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation directly predicted effort and persistence. Task goal orientation mediated the effects of learning climate on perceived competence and self-determination. The strongest predictors of intrinsic motivation and effort and persistence were task goal orientation perceived competence, and learning climate.     

Do people differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic goals for physical activity?

The distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic goals, and between goal pursuit for intrinsically and extrinsically motivated reasons, is a central premise of self-determination theory. Proponents of the theory have proposed that the pursuit of intrinsic goals and intrinsically motivated goal striving each predict adaptive psychological and behavioral outcomes relative to the pursuit of extrinsic goals and extrinsically motivated goal striving. Despite evidence to support these predictions, research has not explored whether individuals naturally differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Two studies tested whether people make this differentiation when recalling goals for leisure-time physical activity. Using memory-recall methods, participants in Study 1 were asked to freely generate physical activity goals. A subsample (N = 43) was asked to code their freely generated goals as intrinsic or extrinsic. In Study 2, participants were asked to recall intrinsic and extrinsic goals after making a decision regarding their future physical activity. Results of these studies revealed that individuals' goal generation and recall exhibited significant clustering by goal type. Participants encountered some difficulties when explicitly coding goals. Findings support self-determination theory and indicate that individuals discriminate between intrinsic and extrinsic goals.     

Coach autonomy support, basic need satisfaction, and intrinsic motivation of paralympic athletes

The purpose of the present study, grounded in self-determination theory, was to explore the relationship between Paralympic athletes' perceptions of autonomy-supportive coach behavior basic psychological needs, and intrinsic motivation to know, accomplish, and experience stimulation. One hundred thirteen Canadian Paralympic athletes completed an online survey, consisting of measures of coach autonomy support; of perceptions of autonomy, competence, and relatedness; and of intrinsic motivation. Perceived coach autonomy support was a predictor of athletes' perceptions of autonomy and relatedness. Perceived competence was a significant predictor of all three forms of intrinsic motivation, while perceived autonomy was a significant predictor of intrinsic motivation to accomplish and experience stimulation. The results highlight the important relationship between coach behavior and athlete motivation in disability sport.     

Coach Autonomy Support,Basic Need Satisfaction,and Intrinsic Motivation of Paralympic Athletes

The purpose of the present study, grounded in self-determination theory, was to explore the relationship between Paralympic athletes' perceptions of autonomy-supportive coach behavior, basic psychological needs, and intrinsic motivation to know, accomplish, and experience stimulation. One hundred thirteen Canadian Paralympic athletes completed an online survey, consisting of measures of coach autonomy support; of perceptions of autonomy, competence, and relatedness; and of intrinsic motivation. Perceived coach autonomy support was a predictor of athletes' perceptions of autonomy and relatedness. Perceived competence was a significant predictor of all three forms of intrinsic motivation, while perceived autonomy was a significant predictor of intrinsic motivation to accomplish and experience stimulation. The results highlight the important relationship between coach behavior and athlete motivation in disability sport.     

运动身体自我对大学生体育内在动机的影响机制

本研究目的是探讨运动身体自我对大学生体育内在动机的影响机制。通过对480名大学生进行身体自我、心理需要感知和体育内在动机等问卷的测量和分析。结果显示,青少年的体能素质和体型管理等变量对大学生体育内在动机产生直接效应,并且体能素质、技能素质、身体健康、运动效能、体型管理和负面修饰等变量分别通过能力感、自主感和归属感等心理需要变量间接影响大学生体育内在动机。     

论竞技体育功能多元化与政府之间的关系

竞技体育竞争性、娱乐性和功利性本质属性的存在决定着其本质功能的存在。虽然政府行为对促进竞技体育发展的作用是巨大的,有时甚至是决定性的,但竞技体育本质功能的实现,是任何人为力量包括政府行为在内的种种因素均难以左右的,它表现出一种自然发生的过程和结果。也正因为如此,竞技体育的发展总是沿着其本质功能的主线而发展,即便是在特殊历史时期,竞技体育在各国国情及政府行为的强大作用下,凸现出某一特定功能,也只会是一种暂时性和短期性的现象,它最终仍将走向其出发点或终极目的,即回归于社会之中、作用于人的自我实现,并必将向着开发与实现其多元功能方向发展。     

教练领导行为与大学生运动员自主需要、内在动机关系模型构建

目的：以自我决定理论为基础，探讨教练领导行为与大学生运动员的自主需要（包括能力感知、自主性和关系感）、内在动机之间的关系。方法和内容：运用3个量表测量282名大学生运动员，利用SPSS13．0、LISREL8．53对样本数据进行统计分析，并建立结构方程模型，考察教练领导行为通过能力、自主性和关系感等自主需要间接影响运动员内在动机的路径。结论：能力感知、自主性和关系感对体育内在动机有显著影响；4种教练领导行为能通过能力感知、自主性和关系感等中介变量，间接预测大学生运动员内在动机。