中等职业学校学科专业信息检索技术综合应用研究

文章论述了关于手工检索与计算机检索综合应用的重要性,针对中职学校学科专业信息,提出了综合应用手工检索与计算机检索的几种方法.     

手工检索在科技查新中存在的必要性

通过对手工检索的特点的介绍,论述了计算机检索在查新工作中的局限性与手工检索的关系,阐明了查新工作中以计算机检索为主,手工检索为辅,虽然运用计算机检索能极大地提高科技查新的速度和效率,但手工检索自身的特色和优势是机检不可取代的,手工检索的存在,是不可忽略的一个重要环节,两者有机结合,以确保查新工作的质量.     

在科技期刊编辑工作中应重视文献检索的作用

文献检索指根据一定的需要从浩如烟海的无数篇文献中寻找出有关文献的过程,包括手工检索和计算机检索两种形式[1].     

全国图书馆参考咨询联盟使用方法和技巧

通过对全国图书馆参考咨询联盟的两个子平台(读者检索平台和咨询馆员管理平台)的使用和研究,介绍了这两个子平台的具体使用方法,总结了一些实用的使用技巧,希望对使用这两个平台的相关人员有所帮助。     

计算机检索技巧的探讨

目前,计算机情报检索已相当普遍,其检索过程已由手工检索的人工比较变为机器内部没有内涵的字符串匹配及逻辑运算过程。这样,检索质量的高低也就取决于检索策略质量的优劣,而检索策略质量的优劣则取决于我们能否对课题内容领会的程度,只有深入地领会了课题真谛,才能在确定相关数据库的基础上拟定出合适的检索表达式。检索式的质量决定了检索的效果。检索式包括单元词和由单元词组成词组的表达式。而要使我们提出的检索式通过计算机检出优质的相关文献,必须通过施行恰当的检索技术。下面对几种常用的检索技术进行讨论。     

一种新的检索提问输入方式：屏幕格式填充法

屏幕格式填充法是为了克服用户输入常规布尔逻辑提问式存在的困难而设计的。这种方法在理论分析和实践总结的基础上把所有的检索词分为主题检索词和非主题检索词两种类型,并分别为它们设计了屏幕填充格式。用户只需按格式输入相应的检索词,由机器自动输出正确的,具有良好结构的布尔逻辑检索式。     

专利检索与分析方法的选择研究

随着专利数量的逐年大幅增长,获取有效目标专利的难度也越来越大,专利检索如何实现检准率和检全率的合理平衡成为研究难点。以德温特专利数据库中3G技术专利为检索对象,比较了传统主题检索和手工代码检索两种方式所对应检索及其分析结果的异同,研究表明选择合理的专利检索和分析方法有助于保证分析结果的权威性。     

Ei与INSPEC Windows版光盘检索系统比较研究

通过对Ei和INSPEC两种光盘数据库在Windows界面的检索软件、检索模式、检索方法以及输出功能进行详细的比较研究，分析评价了两种检索系统的异同和各自的优越性，帮助用户有效地使用这两种光盘数据库。     

专利检索与分析方法的选择研究

近年来我国专利申请的数量逐年大幅增长,这就导致有效目标专利的获取越来越难,因此对专利检索的要求也随之增高,专利检索的检准率和检全率自然是评价的重点。本论文以德温特专利数据库中3G技术专利为检索对象,通过对传统主题检索和手工代码检索的比较,两种方式所对应检索及其分析结果的异同.研究表明选择合理的专利检索和分析方法有助于保证分析结果的权威性。     

《中国基本古籍库》和《瀚堂典藏》两大古籍数据库比较研究

就《中国基本古籍库》和《瀚堂典藏》两大古籍数据库在收录内容及标准、检索方式、使用和不足方面进行了详细的介绍和对比,以期利于读者查询使用.     

词语相似度算法研究综述

词语相似度计算方法在信息检索、词义消歧、机器翻译等自然语言处理领域有着广泛的应用。现有的词语相似度算法主要分为基于统计和基于语义资源两类方法,前者是从大规模的语料中统计与词语共现的上下文信息以计算其相似度,而后者利用人工构建的语义词典或语义网络计算相似度。本文比较分析了两类词语相似度算法,重点介绍了基于Web语料库和基于维基百科的算法,并总结了各自的特点和不足之处。最后提出,在信息技术的影响下,基于维基百科和基于混合技术的词语相似度算法以及关联数据驱动的相似性计算具有潜在的发展趋势。     

Query modification based on relevance back-propagation in an ad hoc environment

It is well-known that relevance feedback is a method significant in improving the effectiveness of information retrieval systems. Improving effectiveness is important since these information retrieval systems must gain access to large document collections distributed over different distant sites. As a consequence, efforts to retrieve relevant documents have become significantly greater. Relevance feedback can be viewed as an aid to the information retrieval task. In this paper, a relevance feedback strategy is presented. The strategy is based on back-propagation of the relevance of retrieved documents using an algorithm developed in a neural approach. This paper describes a neural information retrieval model and emphasizes the results obtained with the associated relevance back-propagation algorithm in three different environments: manual ad hoc, automatic ad hoc and mixed ad hoc strategy (automatic plus manual ad hoc).     

Document retrieval using a serial bit string search

An experimental best match retrieval system is described based on the serial file organisation. Documents and queries are characterised by fixed length bit strings and the time-consuming character-by-character term match is preceeded by a bit string search to eliminate large numbers of documents which cannot possibly satisfy the query. Two methods, one fully automatic and one partially manual in character, are described for the generation of such bit string characterisations. Retrieval experiments with a large document test collection show that the two-level search can increase substantially the efficiency of serial searching while maintaining retrieval effectiveness, and that a single-level search based only upon the bit strings results in only a small decrease in effectiveness in some cases.     

查询翻译方法研究——以汉英跨语言信息检索为例

【目的/意义】跨语言信息检索研究的目的即在消除因语言的差异而导致信息查询的困难,提高从大量纷繁 复杂的查找特定信息的效率。同时提供一种更加方便的途径使得用户能够使用自己熟悉的语言检索另外一种语 言文档。【方法/过程】本文通过对国内外跨语言信息检索的研究现状分析,介绍了目前几种查询翻译的方法,包括： 直接查询翻译、文献翻译、中间语言翻译以及查询—文献翻译方法,对其效果进行比较,然后阐述了跨语言检索关 键技术,对使用基于双语词典、语料库、机器翻译技术等产生的歧义性提出了解决方法及评价。【结果/结论】使用自 然语言处理技术、共现技术、相关反馈技术、扩展技术、双向翻译技术以及基于本体信息检索技术确保知识词典的 覆盖度和歧义性处理,通过对跨语言检索实验分析证明采用知识词典、语料库和搜索引擎组合能够提高查询效 率。【创新/局限】本文为了解决跨语言信息检索使用词典、语料库中词语缺乏的现象,提出通过搜索引擎从网页获 取信息资源来充实语料库中语句对不足的问题。文章主要针对中英文信息检索问题进行了探讨,解决方法还需要 进一步研究,如中文切词困难以及字典覆盖率低等严重影响检索的效率。     

User evaluation of automatically generated semantic hypertext links in a heavily used procedural manual

This paper is an interim report on our efforts at NIST to construct an information discovery tool through the fusion of hypertext and information retrieval (IR) technologies. The tool works by parsing a contiguous document base into smaller documents and inserting semantic links between these documents using document–document similarity measures based on IR techniques. The focus of the paper is a case study in which domain experts evaluate the utility of the tool in the performance of information discovery tasks on a large, dynamic procedural manual. The results of the case study are discussed, and their implications for the design of large-scale automatic hypertext generation systems are described.     

三个外文检索系统的比较研究

资源整合是提高资源利用效率的有效保障。Dialog国际联机检索系统、Scopus信息导航工具和Summon发现系统是3个不同的外文检索系统,它们都将大量的异构平台上的资源整合到1个平台上供读者使用,它们之间有一些联系和不同点。本文从4个方面对它们进行了介绍和比较。     

Evaluation of machine-aided indexing†

The Defense Documentation Center (DDC), a field activity of the Defense Supply Agency, implemented an automated indexing procedure in October 1973. This Machine-Aided Indexing (MAI) System [1] had been under development since 1969. The following is a report of several comparisons designed to measure the retrieval effectiveness of MAI and manual indexing procedures under normal operational conditions.Several definitions are required in order to clarify the MAI process as it pertains to these investigations. The MAI routines scan unedited text in the form of titles and abstracts. The output of these routines is called Candidate Index Terms. These word strings are matched by computer against an internal file of manually screened and cross-referenced terms called a Natural Language Data Base (NLDB). The NLDB differs from a standard thesaurus in that there is no related term category. Word strings which match the NLDB are accepted as valid MAI output. The mismatches are manually screened for suitability. Those accepted are added to the NLDB. If now, the original set of Candidate Index Terms is matched against the updated NLDB, the matched output is unedited MAI. If both the unedited matches and mismatches are further structured in accession order and sent to technical analysts for review, the output of that process is called edited MAI.The tests were designed to (a) compare unedited MAI with manual indexing, holding the indexing language and the retrieval technique constant; (b) compare edited MAI with unedited MAI, holding both the indexing and the retrieval technique constant; and (c) compare two different retrieval techniques, called simple and complex, while holding the indexing constant.     

Evaluation of machine-aided indexing2

The Defense Documentation Center (DDC), a field activity of the Defense Supply Agency, implemented an automated indexing procedure in October 1973. This Machine-Aided Indexing (MAI) System [1] had been under development since 1969. The following is a report of several comparisons designed to measure the retrieval effectiveness of MAI and manual indexing procedures under normal operational conditions.Several definitions are required in order to clarify the MAI process as it pertains to these investigations. The MAI routines scan unedited text in the form of titles and abstracts. The output of these routines is called Candidate Index Terms. These word strings are matched by computer against an internal file of manually screened and cross-referenced terms called a Natural Language Data Base (NLDB). The NLDB differs from a standard thesaurus in that there is no related term category. Word strings which match the NLDB are accepted as valid MAI output. The mismatches are manually screened for suitability. Those accepted are added to the NLDB. If now, the original set of Candidate Index Terms is matched against the updated NLDB, the matched output is unedited MAI. If both the unedited matches and mismatches are further structured in accession order and sent to technical analysts for review, the output of that process is called edited MAI.The tests were designed to (a) compare unedited MAI with manual indexing, holding the indexing language and the retrieval technique constant; (b) compare edited MAI with unedited MAI, holding both the indexing and the retrieval technique constant; and (c) compare two different retrieval techniques, called simple and complex, while holding the indexing constant.     

An efficient substring search method by using delayed keyword extraction

In the information retrieval systems, one of the most important and difficult operations is to extract appropriate keywords from documents. This paper proposes an effective substring search method by extending a pattern matching machine for multi-keyword based on Aho and Corasick (AC) called AC machine. The proposed method enables us to extract keyword candidates as much as possible and to select the suitable keywords for users' purpose at a retrieval stage. This method contains four types of substring search methods (exact, prefix, suffix and proper substring search). This paper also proposes a construction algorithm of the retrieval structure for speeding up the substring search. From the simulation results, it is shown that the retrieval time of the presented method is as fast as the key retrieval method based on the trie.