跨国公司专利战略、市场竞争与我国企业创新效益

运用行业面板数据模型分析了跨国公司专利战略和市场竞争对我国企业创新效益的影响.分析表明,跨国公司的基本专利战略和外围专利战略均对我国企业的创新效益产生了显著的抑制作用,而且跨国公司的进入,加剧了我国市场竞争,进一步降低了我国企业的盈利空间.与此同时,跨国公司在我国的专利申请和市场开发活动也通过竞争效应和示范效应对我国企业的创新效益产生了一定的正向溢出.     

中国最大500家外商投资企业在华专利及影响的计量研究

本文以在华外商投资500强及其母公司在华专利申请为实证研究对象，通过对国家知识产权局专利数据库的数据挖掘，结合新时期跨国公司在华投资和专利战略的宏观背景，从在华外商投资500强及其母公司专利申请的演变、专利申请的结构、专利申请及专利申请垄断倾向的行业分布，以及专利申请对外商在华直接投资、中国国内企业技术创新和外商在华投资效益的影响等方面，首次从实证的角度开展了较系统的计量研究，提出了跨国公司母公司专利申请垄断倾向新概念，得出了一系列新的研究结果。     

全球最大500家跨国公司在华专利战略的特点、问题与对策

本文以全球最大500家跨国公司为总体,对在华申请专利的跨国公司所在国和该国跨国公司的数量、跨国公司在华专利申请的趋势和三种专利申请的比例、跨国公司专利申请的技术领域以及该技术领域的跨国公司数进行了统计分析,研究了跨国公司在华专利战略产生的一些问题,提出根据国情加强的知识产权保护,促进三资企业的创新和技术再转移,提高重点行业创新能力的建议。     

海外跨国公司在华人工智能专利布局及竞争态势研究

[研究目的]中国已成为海外跨国公司人工智能专利布局的重要目标市场,探究海外跨国公司在华人工智能专利布局及竞争态势,有助于防止其在华进行垄断式专利布局,为中国企业和政府机构在长期性科技竞争中制定和调整专利战略提供理论依据。[研究方法]从IPC专利分类视角出发,利用马尔可夫链和显性技术比较优势指数,识别海外跨国公司在华人工智能专利布局的演进特征和演变结果,运用结构相似度和结构调整度指数,衡量中国市场人工智能专利竞争态势。[研究结论]海外跨国公司采取了积极扩张的专利策略,不断扩大人工智能专利布局范围;布局重心由基础算法向基础硬件和垂直应用领域转移,形成了25个新兴领域和17个重点领域,部分领域持续发展成为较稳定的优势领域;中国同美国、日本、韩国和欧洲的人工智能跨国公司技术互补性降低、竞争程度增加,特别是与美国跨国公司的技术竞争最为激烈。     

基于专利战略的科技型中小企业核心能力培育

根据我国加入WTO后企业所面临的竞争环境及科技型中小企业的特点，在分析、总结企业核心能力与专利战略关系的基础上，提出科技型中小企业应以产品生命周期为切入点，建立专利调查战略、专利申请战略和专利实施战略，培育其核心能力。     

外国在华专利申请影响因素实证分析

近年来,外国在华专利申请呈现持续增长的势头,且伴随着外国专利的申请,国外企业与中国企业的专利竞争也愈加激烈.通过机理和数理分析可以发现,外国在华专利申请受到我国专利保护水平、市场吸引力以及该国总体技术水平、在华直接投资数量等因素的影响.另外一个有意思的结论是,外国在华专利申请与两国之间的距离没有直接的相关关系.     

“弱保护”下的外国在华专利申请驱动因素研究:理论与实证

针对外国在华专利申请持续激增这一现象,基于知识生产函数和专利申请成本,构建了代表性企业在知识产权保护不完善国家进行跨国专利申请的理论模型,分析跨国专利申请的驱动因素。并运用1990—2015年的面板数据,采用随机效应模型对主要国家在华申请进行实证检验。结果表明:作为专利申请目的国,我国的市场规模、专利保护强度、专利申请成本均与外国在华专利申请存在密切关系,现阶段我国市场有效规模的持续增加能够解释约34%的外国在华专利数量增长,是首要驱动因素;我国专利保护强度的提升和第2次专利法的修订也正向促进了外国申请人在华专利申请,但第3次专利修订则表现为负向影响关系;专利申请费用与外国在华专利申请数量显著负相关,申请费每增加1%,外国在华申请数量会减少0.53%。     

浅谈我国企业知识产权管理现状及对策

一、引言知识产权作为一种无形资产,已逐渐成为影响企业核心竞争力的关键资源。随着信息社会和知识经济时代的到来,知识产权的重要性日益突出。世界发达国家及著名跨国公司都十分重视对知识产权的开发、利用和保护,纷纷通过制定、实施知识产权战略,保持其在全球的技术优势和竞争优势。为了更好地推进我国经济、产业、科技等方面的发展,充分发挥知识产权的基础性作用,我国深入实施知识产权战略,稳步推进全国专利事业发展战略,成效显著。以专利为例,2012年,国家知识产权局受理3种专利申请共205.1万件,     

机械行业外资企业在华专利知识资源战略分析

"企业是财务机构也是知识机构.它们既是知识储藏库又是创造知识的源泉."在现代社会激烈的商业竞争中,知识创新成了企业的灵魂.企业需要成为知识型企业,运用创新的知识和新技术、新工艺,采用新的生产方式和经营管理模式,提高产品质量,开发生产新的产品,提供新的服务.而这一目标的实现离不开有效的知识资源战略.知识资源战略中与企业知识创新联系最密切的是专利战略.通过研究机械行业外资企业在华的专利申请情况来分析其知识资源战略.     

国外企业的专利行为分析

专利战略已经逐渐成为跨国公司国际竞争的重要武器，然而我国企业的专利战略实践基本空白，目前的研究也多集中在法律角度的讨论。本文分析了关于企业专利行为一些基本问题如企业保护创新的措施、为什么申请专利及不申请专利等；总结了分析的方法和内容，指出不同国家特别是发达国家与发展中国家的企业专利行为比较研究、在我国跨国公司专利战略与处于技术劣势的国内企业国内专利战略和国际化专利战略是值得深入研究的领域。     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.