萎叶提取物增强5-氟尿嘧啶对结肠癌细胞HT29和HCT116的生长抑制作用

研究目的：探讨萎叶（PB）提取物对5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）抑制结肠癌细胞HT29和HCT116生长的影响。研究方法：HT29和HCT116细胞分别给予PB、5-FU以及两种药物联合治疗24小时,应用等效线图法分析PB和5-FU的药效学相互作用,AnnexinV／PI染色法检测HT29和HCT116细胞的凋丁L=情况,高效液相色谱法排除PB和5-FU间任何可能的相互化学作用。重要结论：联合PB,低剂量5-FU可以在短时间内起到细胞毒作用,而单独应用PB或5-FU治疗较联合治疗可以诱导更多细胞发生凋亡。进一步采用等效线图法分析显示PB和5-Fu的联合作用在抑制结肠癌细胞HT29和HCT116的生长中分别体现出协同和拮抗作用。因此可以认为在HT29细胞中,PB使得较低剂量5-FU发挥最大抑制结肠癌细胞生长效果,然而在HCT116细胞中,PB没有显著降低5-FU的药物浓度,说明PB和5-FU的相互作用不仅仅体现在诱导细胞凋亡方面。     

Systematic review of laparoscopy-assisted versus open gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer

Objective

The study compared laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) with open gastrectomy (OG) in the management of advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

Methods

Literature search was performed in the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify control studies that compared LAG and OG for AGC. A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the surgical safety and oncologic adequacy, using the random-effect model.

Results

Seven eligible studies including 815 patients were analyzed. LAG was associated with less blood loss, less use of analgesics, shorter time of flatus and periods of hospital stay, but longer time of operation. The incidence of most complications was similar between the two groups. However, LAG was associated with a lower rate of pulmonary infection (odds ratio (OR) 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05 to 0.68; P<0.05). No significant differences were noted in terms of the number of harvested lymph nodes (weighted mean difference (WMD) 1.165; 95% CI–2.000 to 4.311; P>0.05), overall mortality (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.39 to 1.10; P>0.05), cancer-related mortality (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.32 to 1.25; P>0.05), or recurrence (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.33 to 1.16; P>0.05).

Conclusions

LAG could be performed safely for AGC with adequate lymphadenectomy and has several short-term advantages compared with conventional OG. No differences were found in long-term outcomes. However, these results should be validated in large randomized controlled studies (RCTs) with sufficient follow-up.     

舒尼替尼对结肠成纤维细胞体内外抑制机制研究(英文)

研究目的:探索小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂舒尼替尼(sunitinib)对结肠肿瘤微环境中的肿瘤相关成纤维细胞的作用及其机制。创新要点:舒尼替尼通过抑制肿瘤间质成纤维细胞的生长,间接发挥抗肿瘤效应,为结肠癌综合治疗的提供新途径。研究方法:通过细胞周期分析和细胞增殖测定进行舒尼替尼体外抑制肿瘤细胞的研究。采用Western-blot检测磷酸化血小板衍生生长因子β受体(PDGFR-β)、蛋白激酶B(Akt)及细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(ERK)的蛋白水平。通过注射肠腺癌细胞株SW620和结肠成纤维细胞构建的裸鼠移植瘤模型来研究舒尼替尼的体内抑瘤效果。重要结论:舒尼替尼可有效抑制结肠癌来源的原代结肠成纤维细胞生长,该抑制作用主要通过抑制血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)信号通路得以实现。     

Down-regulation of eIF5A-2 prevents epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small-cell lung cancer cells

Background

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is believed to be the critical process in malignant tumor invasion and metastases, and has a great influence on improving the survival rate in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Recent studies suggested that eukaryotic initiation factor 5A-2 (eIF5A-2) might serve as an adverse prognostic marker of survival. We detected eIF5A-2 in NSCLC A549 cells, and found that the invasive capability correlates with the eIF5A-2 expression.

Methods

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was used to induce EMT in A549 cells. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, wound healing assay, and transwell-matrigel invasion chambers were used to identify phenotype changes. Western blotting was also used to observe changes of the expression of eIF5A-2. We down-regulated the eIF5A-2 expression using an eIF5A-2 siRNA and identified the phenotype changes by western blotting and immunofluorescence. We tested the change of migration and invasion capabilities of A549 cells by the wound healing assay and transwell-matrigel invasion chambers.

Results

After stimulating with TGF-β1, almost all A549 cells changed to the mesenchymal phenotype and acquired more migration and invasion capabilities. These cells also had higher eIF5A-2 protein expression. Down-regulation of eIF5A-2 expression with eIF5A-2 siRNA transfection could change the cells from mesenchymal to epithelial phenotype and decrease tumor cell migration and invasive capabilities significantly.

Conclusions

The expression of eIF5A-2 was up-regulated following EMT phenotype changes in A549 cells, which correlated with enhanced tumor invasion and metastatic capabilities. Furthermore, in the A549 cell line, the process of EMT phenotype change could be reversed by eIF5A-2 siRNA, with a consequent weakening of both invasive and metastatic capabilities.     

Delivering MC3T3-E1 cells into injectable calcium phosphate cement through alginate-chitosan microcapsules for bone tissue engineering

研究目的：本研究应用海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微囊保护成骨细胞,接种到β-磷酸三钙/磷酸钙骨水泥（β-TCP/CPC）浆料中,使β-TCP/CPC骨修复材料具有一定的细胞活性,同时提高固化后材料的孔隙率和孔径,以最终实现提高β-TCP/CPC骨水泥的降解速度,加快成骨和骨修复。创新要点：本研究首次应用海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微胶囊包封成骨细胞与CPC浆料复合,复合后实现自动细胞释放,释放出的细胞具有良好的生物学活性。研究方法：（1）高压静电成囊法制备载小鼠成骨前体细胞（MC3T3-E1）的海藻酸钙和海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微胶囊;（2）微囊化MC3T3-E1细胞,进行体外培养,使用细胞计数试剂盒（CCK-8）检测细胞活性,并用钙黄绿素-AM（Calcein-AM）和碘化丙啶（PI）进行活死细胞双重染色;（3）微囊化MC3T3-E1细胞与β-TCP/CPC浆料复合培养后,激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和环境扫描电子显微镜观测细胞在材料上的释放、粘附,CCK-8法检测材料上细胞的活力,碱性磷酸酶（ALP）检测观察细胞的分化状况,茜素红染色观察释放细胞的矿化能力。重要结论：海藻酸钠-壳聚糖微胶囊可作为可注射磷酸钙骨水泥内部接种成骨细胞并实现细胞释放的良好载体,释放出的成骨细胞具有良好的生物学活性。     

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism predicts response and time to progression to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer in a Chinese Han population

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) C677T excision repair cross-complementation group 1(ERCC1) genetic polymorphisms and the clinical efficacy of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:A total of 135 chemonaive patients with unresectable advanced NSCLC were treated with gemcitabine/platinum regimens.The polymorphisms of MTHFR C677T,ERCC1 C8092A,and ERCC1 C118T were genotyped using the TaqMan methods.Results:The overall response rate was 28.9%.Patients with MTHFR CC genotype had a higher rate of objective response than patients with variant genotype(TT or CT)(41.2% versus 19.1%,P=0.01).Median time to progression(TTP) of patients with MTHFR CC genotype was longer than that of patients with variant genotype(7.6 months versus 5.0 months,P=0.003).No significant associations were obtained between ERCC1 C118T and C8092A polymorphisms and both response and survival.Conclusions:Our data suggest the value of MTHFR C677T polymorphism as a possible predictive marker of response and TTP in advanced NSCLC patients treated with gemcitabine/platinum.     

Expression of three essential antioxidants of Helicobacter pylori in clinical isolates

Objective

Helicobacter pylori maintains long-term persistence in the host and combats oxidative stress via many antioxidant proteins, which are expected to be relevant to bacterial-associated gastric diseases. We aimed to investigate the expression of three essential antioxidants in H. pylori strains isolated from patients with different clinical outcomes. Methods: Forty H. pylori strains were isolated from endoscopic biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa from 13 patients with gastric cancer, 13 with peptic ulcer, and 14 with gastritis. The expression of thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), arginase (RocF), and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) in H. pylori was measured by real-time PCR. Comparisons among multiple sample sets were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test. Pearson’s correlation test was used to assess relationships among multiple continuous variables.

Results

Trx1 expression of H. pylori in gastric cancer and peptic ulcer tissues was higher than that in tissues with gastritis. RocF expression of H. pylori in gastric cancer tissues was higher than that in tissues exhibiting peptic ulcer and gastritis. However, we did not find any differences in AhpC expression in samples from patients with different clinical outcomes. The expression of Trx1 and RocF had a positive, linear correlation. The expression of Trx1 and AhpC had a positive correlation without a linear trend. We found no correlation between the expression of RocF and AhpC.

Conclusions

Our observations indicate that the expression of Trx1 and RocF in H. pylori might be related to gastric carcinogenesis. In H. pylori, the expression of members of the antioxidant system may be correlated and relevant to gastric cancer.     

Increasing the immune activity of exosomes: the effect of miRNA-depleted exosome proteins on activating dendritic cell/cytokine-induced killer cells against pancreatic cancer

Background

Tumor-derived exosomes were considered to be potential candidates for tumor vaccines because they are abundant in immune-regulating proteins, whereas tumor exosomal miRNAs may induce immune tolerance, thereby having an opposite immune function.

Objective

This study was designed to separate exosomal protein and depleted exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), increasing the immune activity of exosomes for activating dendritic cell/cytokine-induced killer cells (DC/CIKs) against pancreatic cancer (PC).

Methods

PC-derived exosomes (PEs) were extracted from cultured PANC-1 cell supernatants and then ruptured; this was followed by ultrafiltered exosome lysates (UELs). DCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), PE, and UEL, followed by co-culture with CIKs. The anti-tumor effects of DC/CIKs against PC were evaluated by proliferation and killing rates, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and perforin secretion. Exosomal miRNAs were depleted after lysis and ultrafiltration, while 128 proteins were retained, including several immune-activating proteins.

Results

UEL-stimulated DC/CIKs showed a higher killing rate than LPS- and PE-stimulated DC/CIKs.

Conclusions

miRNA-depleted exosome proteins may be promising agonists for specifically activating DC/CIKs against PC.

     

Anethum graveolens Linn. (dill) extract enhances the mounting frequency and level of testicular tyrosine protein phosphorylation in rats

Objective:To investigate the effect of Anethum graveolens(AG) extracts on the mounting frequency,histology of testis and epididymis,and sperm physiology.Methods:Male rats induced by cold immobilization before treating with vehicle or AG extracts [50,150,and 450 mg/kg body weight(BW)] via gastric tube for consecutive 1,7,and 14 d were examined for mounting frequency,testicular phosphorylation level by immunoblotting,sperm concentration,sperm acrosome reaction,and histological structures of testis and epididymis,respectively.Results:AG(50 mg/kg BW) significantly increased the mounting frequency on Days 1 and 7 compared to the control group.Additionally,rat testis treated with 50 mg/kg BW AG showed high levels of phosphorylated proteins as compared with the control group.In histological analyses,AG extract did not affect the sperm concentration,acrosome reaction,and histological structures of testis and epididymis.Conclusions:AG extract enhances the aphrodisiac activity and is not harmful to sperm and male reproductive organs.     

Early effects of oral administration of omeprazole and roxatidine on intragastric pH

Objective

The ideal medication for the treatment of acid-related diseases, e.g., peptic ulcers, stress-related gastric bleeding, functional dyspepsia, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, should have a rapid onset of action to promote hemostasis and relieve the symptoms. The aim of our study was to investigate the inhibitory effects on gastric acid secretion of a single oral administration of a proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole 20 mg, and an H₂-receptor antagonist, roxatidine 75 mg.

Methods

Ten Helicobacter pylori-negative male subjects participated in this randomized, two-way crossover study. Intragastric pH was monitored continuously for 6 h after single oral administration of omeprazole 20 mg and roxatidine 75 mg. Each administration was separated by a 7-d washout period.

Results

During the 6-h study period, the average pH after administration of roxatidine was higher than that after administration of omeprazole (median: 4.45 vs. 2.65; P=0.0367). Also during the 6-h study period, a longer duration of maintenance at pH above 2, 5, and 6 was observed after administration of roxatidine 75 mg than after administration of omeprazole 20 mg (median: 90.6% vs. 55.2%, P=0.0284; 43.7% vs. 10.6%, P=0.0125; 40.3% vs. 3.3%, P=0.0125; respectively).

Conclusions

In Helicobacter pylori-negative healthy male subjects, oral administration of roxatidine 75 mg increased the intragastric pH more rapidly than that of omeprazole 20 mg.     

Expression of MMP-9 in hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome induced by Gynura segetum

Background and objective:Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome(HSOS) is characterized by painful hepatomegaly,ascites,increased body weight,and jaundice.Gynura segetum(Compositae),a plant widely used in Chinese traditional medicine,often leads to the development of HSOS.However,the mechanism is unclear.The aim was to study the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in the onset of HSOS induced by Gynura segetum.Methods:Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups.Twenty were exposed to 600 mg/kg daily Gynura segetum extract solution for three weeks;five control rats were exposed to tap water alone.Liver sections were evaluated by light microscopy with a modified scoring system.Routine transmission electron microscopy(TEM) methods were used to evaluate the ultrastructual features of fixed liver tissue,and blood samples were collected to determine liver enzyme concentrations.MMP-9 expression was assessed by both immunohistochemical staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) methods.Results:A stable and reproducible rat model of HSOS was achieved by long-term exposure to Gynura segetum extract.The treated rats presented clinical symptoms and the histopathological manifestation of HSOS,including abnormal liver enzyme concentrations(alanine aminotransferase(ALT):(84.8±13.62) vs.(167.0±72.63) U/L,P<0.05;aspartate aminotransferase(AST):(27.6±6.31) vs.(232.8±108.58) U/L,P<0.05).Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) staining and TEM together revealed deposition of red blood cells,the damage and destruction of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells,collapse of hepatic sinusoids,hemorrhage of subendothelial cells,atrophy and destruction of hepatocytes,etc.Compared with controls,the expression of MMP-9 in the blood sample,the lung and liver tissues of HSOS rats was increased.Conclusions:MMP-9 may have an important role in early pathological changes of HSOS,and thus the onset of the disease.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phyllanthus emblica</Emphasis> Linn. fruit extract potentiates the anticancer efficacy of mitomycin C and cisplatin and reduces their genotoxicity to normal cells in vitro

Objective

Fruit of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (PE) is widely consumed as a functional food and used as a folk medicine due to its remarkable nutritional and pharmacological effects. Mitomycin C (MMC) and cisplatin (cDDP) are the most widely used forms of chemotherapeutic drug, but their clinical use is limited by their genotoxicity to normal cells. We aimed to determine whether PE has potential to reduce the genotoxicity, while improving the anticancer effect, of MMC and cDDP.

Methods

Cell proliferation was evaluated using the trypan blue exclusion assay and colony-forming assay. Genomic instability (GIN) was measured using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay.

Results

Co-treatment (72 h) with PE at 20–320 μg/ml significantly enhanced the efficacy of MMC (0.05 μg/ml) and cDDP (1 μg/ml) against Colo205 colorectal cancer cells (P<0.05), and at 80–320 μg/ml significantly decreased MMCand cDDP-induced GIN and multinucleation in normal colonic NCM460 cells (P<0.05). PE significantly decreased the mitotic index (P<0.01), blocked mitotic progression (P<0.05), and promoted apoptosis (P<0.01) in MMC- and cDDP-treated NCM460 cells, suggesting that PE-mediated inhibition of mitosis and induction of apoptosis may limit the division and survival of highly damaged cells. Also, PE was found to inhibit the clonal expansion of MMC- and cDDP-treated NCM460 cells (P<0.05) and decrease the heterogeneity of the surviving clones.

Conclusions

PE potentiates the anticancer efficacy of MMC and cDDP, while preventing their genotoxicity and inhibiting clonal expansions of unstable genomes in normal cells. These data suggest that PE has the potential to reduce the risk of secondary cancers induced by chemotherapeutics.

     

HER-2 overexpression and survival in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis

Objective

Numerous studies examining the relationship between human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) overexpression and survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have yielded controversial results. We therefore performed a meta-analysis more precisely to estimate its prognostic value.

Methods

Published studies investigating the effect of HER-2 overexpression on CRC survival were identified; the hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled in terms of disease-specific or overall survival.

Results

Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled data showed that HER-2 overexpression was negatively related to CRC survival (HR=1.10, 95% CI: 0.77–1.44). Subgroup analyses regarding test method and study quality also demonstrated little association between HER-2 overexpression and CRC survival (HR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.50–1.29; HR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.43–1.37, respectively).

Conclusions

Regardless of several limitations, our study suggested that HER-2 overexpression probably had little impact on CRC survival.     

Is right ventricular mid-septal pacing superior to apical pacing in patients with high degree atrio-ventricular block and moderately depressed left ventricular function?

Objective

We are aimed to investigate whether right ventricular mid-septal pacing (RVMSP) is superior to conventional right ventricular apical pacing (RVAP) in improving clinical functional capacity and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) for patients with high-degree atrio-ventricular block and moderately depressed left ventricle (LV) function.

Methods

Ninety-two patients with high-degree atrio-ventricular block and moderately reduced LVEF (ranging from 35% to 50%) were randomly allocated to RVMSP (n=45) and RVAP (n=47). New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, echocardiographic LVEF, and distance during a 6-min walk test (6MWT) were determined at 18 months after pacemaker implantation. Serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.

Results

Compared with baseline, NYHA functional class remained unchanged at 18 months, distance during 6MWT (485 m vs. 517 m) and LVEF (36.7% vs. 41.8%) were increased, but BNP levels were reduced (2352 pg/ml vs. 710 pg/ml) in the RVMSP group compared with those in the RVAP group, especially in patients with LVEF 35%–40% (for all comparisons, P<0.05). However, clinical function capacity and LV function measurements were not significantly changed in patients with RVAP, despite the pacing measurements being similar in both groups, such as R-wave amplitude and capture threshold.

Conclusions

RVMSP provides a better clinical utility, compared with RVAP, in patients with high-degree atrioventricular block and moderately depressed LV function whose LVEF levels ranged from 35% to 40%.     

Novel mutation c.980_983delATTA compound with c.986C>A mutation of the FRMD7 gene in a Chinese family with X-linked idiopathic congenital nystagmus

Objective

To screen mutations in FERM domain-containing protein 7 (FRMD7) gene in two Chinese families with X-linked idiopathic congenital nystagmus (XLICN).

Methods

Common ophthalmic data and peripheral blood of two Chinese XLICN families (families A and B) were collected after informed consent. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood of members of the two families and from 100 normal controls. Mutations in the FRMD7 gene were determined by directly sequencing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products.

Results

We identified a novel mutation c.980_983delATTA compound with c.986C>A mutation in the 11th exon of FRMD7 in family B, and a previously reported splicing mutation c.782G>C (p.R261G) in family A. The mutations were detected in patients and female carriers, while they were absent in other relatives or in the 100 normal controls.

Conclusions

Our results expand the spectrum of FRMD7 mutations in association with XLICN, and further confirm that the mutations of FRMD7 are the underlying molecular mechanism for XLICN.     

Influence of induced ciprofloxacin resistance on efflux pump activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Objective

The efflux pump (EP) is one of the major mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, there are few reports on the effect of the abuse of antibiotic use on the activity of EPs. To determine whether the use of low efficacy antibiotics has any effect on the activity of EPs and induces drug resistance in K. pneumoniae, we investigated the effect of ciprofloxacin on the activity of EPs in K. pneumoniae strains.

Methods

Sixteen susceptible K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from patients and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin were measured in the absence and presence of the pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP). The strains were then induced with a gradient of ciprofloxacin until the MICs of the strains showed no further increase, to obtain induced resistant strains. The EP activities of the strains before and after induction were compared using EP inhibition and ethidium bromide (EtBr) accumulation assays.

Results

The MIC values of the strains were 16–256 times higher after induction than before induction. In the presence of CCCP, the MIC values of 50% of the induced strains were 2–4-fold lower than that in the absence of this inhibitor. The EtBr accumulation assay showed that the fluorescence of EtBr in the induced cells was lower than that in the cells before induction.

Conclusions

EPs are widespread in susceptible and drug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains. Induction with ciprofloxacin may increase the activity of EPs in K. pneumoniae. The EtBr accumulation assay is more sensitive than the EP inhibition assay in evaluating the activity of EPs in K. pneumoniae.     

Long-term comparison of full-bed deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty in treating keratoconus

Objective

To compare postoperative outcomes of full-bed deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) with penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in treating keratoconus.

Methods

Seventy-five eyes of 64 patients who received full-bed DALK and 52 eyes of 51 patients who received PK between June 2000 and August 2010 were included in this retrospective study. Full-bed DALK was performed using Yao’s hooking-detaching technique. PK was performed using a standard technique. Intraoperative and postoperative complications, visual acuity, rejection, graft survival, endothelial cell density, corneal sensation recovery, and re-innervation were compared between the two groups.

Results

A best correct visual acuity of 0.5 or better was achieved in 90.7% of eyes after full-bed DALK and in 92.3% of eyes after PK (P=0.75). By the fifth postoperative year, graft endothelial cell loss reached 34.6% in the PK group vs. 13.9% in the full-bed DALK group (P<0.001). There were no statistical differences in corneal sensitivity recovery or corneal re-innervation between the groups (P>0.05). Intraoperative microperforation occurred in seven out of 75 (9.3%) eyes with a temporally postoperative double anterior chamber in two eyes in the full-bed DALK group. Postoperative complications in the PK vs. the full-bed DALK groups respectively were: rejection (7.7% vs. 0%, P=0.015), high intraocular pressure (IOP) (46.2% vs. 1.3%, P<0.001), secondary glaucoma (9.6% vs. 0%, P=0.006), complicated cataract (19.2% vs. 0%, P<0.001), and wound dehiscence (9.6% vs. 0%, P=0.006).

Conclusions

Both full-bed DALK and PK can offer long-term satisfactory visual outcomes for keratoconus. Graft rejection, secondary glaucoma, complicated cataracts, and constant endothelial cell loss were observed in eyes only after PK.     

泰国南邦省陶瓷厂细颗粒物对大鼠肺部的影响(英文)简

Background： Lung cancer ranks as the fifth largest of all cancer cases in Thailand. However, it is the first leading cancer in the northern part of Thailand （data from 2003-2007）. There are several predisposing causes that lead to lung cancer and one important inducement is particulate matters （PMs）. Lampang Province in Thailand is famous for the ceramic industry, where there are over 200 ceramic industrial factories. PMs are produced during the ceramic manufacturing process and spread throughout all of the working areas. It is very possible that workers could directly inhale PM-contaminated air during working hours. Objective： This study focuses on the toxic effects of PMs collected from ceramic factories on genes and lungs of rats. Methods： PMs collected from six ceramic factories in Lampang Province were extracted using dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO）. The inductively coupled plasma mass spec- trometry （ICP-MS） and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry （ICP-OES） were used to analyze the chemical elements at lower and higher concentrations, respectively. Then, the toxicity of PMs on the genes was ex- amined by the Ames test, and subsequently, the effect of PMs on DNA was examined by quantifying the amount of 8-hydroxy-2＇-deoxyguanosine （8-OHdG）. Finally, the toxicity of the PMs on rat＇s lungs was examined by histology. Results： As chemical elements of lower concentrations, cadmium, chromium, nickel, copper, and lead were detected by ICP-MS. As chemical elements of higher concentrations, manganese, magnesium, zinc, iron, potassium, calcium, and sodium were detected by ICP-OES. No mutagenicity in Salmone/la typhimurium was found in the PM extracts from all six factories by utilizing the Ames test. In the histological study, the reduction in spaces of alveolar ducts and sacs, and terminal bronchioles, the thickening of interstitial connective tissues were noted by PM extracts in high amounts （100 and 350 pg）. Female rats were more sensitive to PM extracts than males in terms of their pulmonary damages. Conclusions： PMs were not mutagenic to S. typhimurium but can damage the lung tissue of rats.     

Combining proteomics, serum biomarkers and bioinformatics to discriminate between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and pre-cancerous lesion

Objective

Biomarker assay is a noninvasive method for the early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Searching for new biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity is very important for the early detection of ESCC. Serum surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) is a high throughput technology for identifying cancer biomarkers using drops of sera.

Methods

In this study, 185 serum samples were taken from ESCC patients in a high incidence area and screened by SELDI. A support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was adopted to analyze the samples.

Results

The SVM patterns successfully distinguished ESCC from pre-cancerous lesions (PCLs). Also, types of PCL, including dysplasia (DYS) and basal cell hyperplasia (BCH), and healthy controls (HC) were distinguished with an accuracy of 95.2% (DYS), 96.6% (BCH), and 93.8% (HC), respectively. A marker of 25.1 kDa was identified in the ESCC patterns whose peak intensity was observed to increase significantly during the development of esophageal carcinogenesis, and to decrease obviously after surgery.

Conclusions

We selected five ESCC biomarkers to form a diagnostic pattern which can discriminate among the different stages of esophageal carcinogenesis. This pattern can significantly improve the detection of ESCC.