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1.
Positive approaches to learning are considered essential for young children’s school readiness and early school success. Researchers
have reported that positive learning approaches, such as attentiveness and goal orientation, are associated with higher levels
of early school achievement in math and reading. The present study extends this research by examining children’s learning
approaches in the context of classroom activities from a range of curricular areas. Ninety-two children from pre-kindergarten
and kindergarten classrooms took part in the study. Four approaches to learning were rated during children’s participation
in seven classroom learning activities. Results showed that positive learning approaches were a significant contributor to
children’s performance, but they were not equally effective in all activities. The effectiveness of a learning approach depends,
in part, on the characteristics of the activity in which the child is engaged. We discuss the implications of these results
for understanding the study of learning approaches, and for classroom practices designed to promote their development. 相似文献
2.
Eija Pakarinen Noona Kiuru Marja-Kristiina Lerkkanen Anna-Maija Poikkeus Martti Siekkinen Jari-Erik Nurmi 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2010,25(3):281-300
This study examined the extent to which observed teaching practices and self-reported teacher stress predict children’s learning
motivation and phonological awareness in kindergarten. The pre-reading skills of 1,268 children were measured at the beginning
of their kindergarten year. Their learning motivation and phonological awareness were assessed in the following spring. Questionnaires
measuring teacher stress were filled out by 137 kindergarten teachers. A pair of trained observers used the Classroom Assessment
Scoring System (Pianta et al. 2008) to observe 49 kindergarten teachers from the whole sample on their emotional support, classroom organization, and instructional
support. The results of multilevel modeling showed that low teacher stress and high classroom organization predicted high
learning motivation in children and that the children’s learning motivation contributed to their level of phonological awareness.
Moreover, children’s learning motivation mediated the association between teacher stress and children’s phonological awareness.
The results emphasize the importance of teachers’ pedagogical well-being and classroom organizational quality for children’s
learning motivation. 相似文献
3.
Jinhee Kim 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2011,39(2):133-141
This study examines what a Korean heritage language school means to Korean immigrant families and their children, considering
Korean immigrant mothers’ perspectives on American early schooling. As part of an ethnographic research project on Korean-American
children’s peer culture in a heritage school, seven mothers, two guardians (grandmothers), and their young children were observed
and interviewed during one academic year. The analysis showed that the heritage language school functions as a social and
emotional support system, a buffer for reducing the detachment from parents, and a safety net for the Korean-American children’s
challenging lives. The Korean immigrant mothers also showed that they felt burdened by different cultural views of their children’s
behaviors, and described how their children were often considered problematic. The social and culture barriers caused by their
immigrant status profoundly influenced their reasons for sending their children to a Korean heritage language school. This
study suggests that teachers’ deep understanding of culturally different perspectives on children’s behaviors, along with
systematic social and emotional support, can help these children attain psychological well-being. 相似文献
4.
Anita A. Wager 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2012,15(1):9-23
Connecting students’ cultural and community mathematical practices to school mathematics is a critical issue in mathematics
education. The goal of the study was to identify how teachers incorporate children’s cultural and out-of-school mathematics
in instruction. Four related practices were identified, and three drew on children’s cultural or out-of-school experiences:
(a) using these experiences as contexts for problems, (b) linking these experiences to school mathematics, and (c) identifying
embedded mathematical practices prominent in these experiences. A fourth category, teacher initiated situated settings, focused
on shared experiences using the classroom as a site of culture. Findings suggest that these practices represent varying levels
of complexity and that use of this framework might support teachers in better relating students’ cultural and out-of-school
experiences to mathematics. 相似文献
5.
Mugyeong Moon 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2001,2(1):22-31
The purpose of this study is to investigate teacher perspectives on peer relation problems of young children. Examined are
teacher definition of and assessment criteria for peer relation problems, and the most poignant peer relation problem perceived
by teachers. Three experienced American preschool teachers are interviewed and observed for one year. It is found that the
teachers define children’s peer relation problems as part of developmental processes and individual differences. The teachers
judge peer relation problems in terms of children’s emotional well-being, intentions, and social skills, and perceive children’s
control of others as the most serious peer relation problem in the classroom. It is posited that the teachers’ perspectives
rely on the emotional and motivational bases of children’s relationships with peers. The related issues are discussed and
implications for teaching practices are provided. 相似文献
6.
Early Childhood Education Journal - Teachers’ valid observational assessments of children’s competencies in kindergarten are critical, as formal classroom testing is not prevalent.... 相似文献
7.
This article describes kindergarten from the perspective of the whole child. Specifically, it reviews current research on
best practices to improve children’s math and language arts competencies, memory skills, and the role of kindergarten in beginning
science. It also describes the social experiences children have in kindergarten with respect to their academic success. Similarly,
it reviews the impact of emotional competence on school success. This article then reviews research describing three major
influences on children’s kindergarten adaptation and success (i.e., transition, parental involvement, retention). The article
concludes with a discussion of full-day kindergarten programs and their potential for improving the chances of all kindergarten
children, especially low-income and ethnic minority children, for success in school. 相似文献
8.
Maria Vlachou Eleni Andreou Kafenia Botsoglou Eleni Didaskalou 《Educational Psychology Review》2011,23(3):329-358
Bullying in schools has been identified as a serious and complex worldwide problem associated with negative short- and long-term
effects on children’s psychosocial adjustment (Smith 1999; Ttofi and Farrington, Aggressive Behav 34(4):352–368, 2008). Entering kindergarten is a crucial developmental step in many children’s lives mainly because it is within this context
where they participate, for the first time, as members in a stable peer group and well-organized team activities. Consequently,
preschool may be the first context beyond the home environment where children’s difficulties in social interactions with peers
can be primarily detected and assessed by adults and professionals. This paper reviews recent empirical evidence over the
nature and different aspects of bullying among preschool children. Recent findings concerning the development of preschool
bullying and its prevalence, family and genetic factors, gender and age differences, participant and peripheral roles, school
context, methodological issues, and prevention policies are reviewed while directions for future research are addressed. 相似文献
9.
This study examines young children’s ideas about natural science phenomena and explores possibilities in starting investigations
in kindergarten from their ideas. Given the possibilities inherent in how young children make sense of their experiences,
we believe it is critical to take children’s perspectives into consideration when designing any activities, and ideally, to
design activities from their perspectives and understandings. Specifically, this research focuses on 5- and 6-year old children’s explanations of
rainbows, and there are three main findings. First, our analysis demonstrates that opportunities to discuss their ideas revealed
children’s different perceptions of the phenomena of rainbows. Secondly, this research emphasizes that peer-to-peer interaction
in the co-construction of science concepts provided support to the children to learn from, and with, each other. Third, children’s initial explanations provided the teacher-researcher (second author) with a starting point
to scaffold her teaching from. Although rainbows are quite an abstract topic to try to reproduce in the classroom, the children
demonstrated their often sophisticated understandings of natural science phenomena, as well as their creative ideas as related
to rainbows. In order to foster an appreciation of themes in natural science, it is crucial to build from what children already
know and can do, and to use these emergent theories and considerations in designing curriculum. Thus, we draw implications
for the importance of teaching science at the early childhood level and for using children’s ideas as starting points in planning
instruction. 相似文献
10.
Denise D. Cunningham 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2010,37(6):501-507
Preschool classrooms were investigated to determine the extent to which quality is related to children’s literacy development.
The study included 24 classrooms of 428 prekindergarten children in a large, urban Midwestern school district. Results suggest
that global classroom quality and literacy environment quality are strongly related. Literacy environment quality and children’s
literacy abilities are also related. Differences in classroom quality were found to have an impact on children’s literacy
scores—the higher the quality, the higher the scores. This article also describes lessons learned from the investigation and
provides suggestions for teachers and administrators for improving quality to enhance literacy development. 相似文献
11.
Angela M. Wiseman 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2009,36(4):333-338
The purpose of this study is to consider how mothers of kindergartners navigate their families’ experiences within a community
and how their children’s school experiences affect their interactions and investment in a place. The questions this research
asks is: How do mothers define and describe their neighborhood? What role does the school play as mothers navigate their children’s
experiences in the community? Findings indicate that the way that families conceptualize and manage their context indicates
that their values, needs, and life aspirations, which are clearly connected to their experiences and perceptions of the school. 相似文献
12.
13.
This article describes an integrated art and early literacy project entitled, ‘Picture Partners’. The main purpose of the
project was to explore how young children create and express meaning through art. Children’s responses, both written and spoken,
were included because accompanying modes of expression expand the nature and content of their drawings and inform teachers
about children’s intentions and processes of thinking. A secondary purpose was to investigate how children use illustrations
from familiar picture books as models for their own creations and whether children’s responses to stories might be enhanced
through their collaboration with peers. Partnerships were formed and participants worked in close proximity as they drew pictures
in response to a teacher directed prompt. Using qualitative, interpretative analysis, a small subset of drawings produced
by kindergarten and first grade children was examined. The results revealed that the process of drawing was influenced by
illustrations in picturebooks, peer interactions, and the artwork of partners in close proximity. The shift in emphasis away
from the interpretations of visual realism in children’s drawings towards their own purposes allowed readers to focus on the
way drawings represent meaning within children’s socio-cultural worlds. 相似文献
14.
Orla Doyle Louise McEntee Kelly A. McNamara 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2012,27(1):133-154
Socioeconomic inequalities in children’s skills and capabilities begin early in life and can have detrimental effects on future
success in school. The present study examined the relationships between school readiness and socioeconomic (SES) inequalities
using teacher reports of the Short Early Development Instrument (Janus et al. 2005) in a disadvantaged urban community of Ireland. It specifically examined differences in skills within a low SES community
in order to investigate the role of relative disadvantage on children’s development. SES differences across multiple domains
of school readiness were examined using Monte Carlo permutation tests and seemingly unrelated regression models. The false
discovery rate (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995) was used to control for multiple hypothesis testing. The results indicated that being from a relatively higher SES background
does not act as a protective factor for children residing in a disadvantaged community for the majority of school readiness
domains. This implies that the neighbourhood may play a role in children’s school readiness skills. These results suggest
that school readiness interventions should target all children living in disadvantaged communities as each child may be at
risk of poor school readiness. 相似文献
15.
16.
Repurposing children’s television for the classroom: teachers’ use of “square one tv” videocassettes
Milton Chen Jan Ellis Karen Hoelscher 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1988,36(3):161-178
This study investigated whether a major new children’s television series on mathematics, produced primarily for an at-home
audience, could be “repurposed” for classroom use. Segments were selected from the PBS children’s series, “Square One TV,”
and edited into 30 videocassettes organized by curriculum topics. Teachers in two public elementary schools in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, used the cassettes over a 10-week period. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected, including
teacher interviews, teacher journals of classroom use, researcher observations, a survey of student attitudes toward mathematics,
and student interviews. Teachers found the reformatted cassettes to be useful motivational and instructional resources, especially
in demonstrating connections between mathematical ideas and real-world situations. A videotape of teacher and student responses
is available from the authors.
This paper written while Dr. Chen was an assistant professor at the same school, won the Instructional Video Paper Competition
marking the 25th anniversary of the Agency for Instructional Technology, Bloomington, Indiana. 相似文献
17.
Zeynep Isik-Ercan 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2010,38(2):133-142
This retrospective study is an in-depth investigation of the perspectives of Turkish immigrant parents on their children’s
early schooling in the United States (PreK-3). It specifically explores how these parents connect with or are disconnected
from school culture, and how their socio-cultural understanding of education and teachers influence their relationships with
schools. Using a qualitative research design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with 18 parents from 10 families.
Findings suggest that Turkish parents negotiated the ways curriculum and instruction is constructed in American schools—such
as their assumptions about the lack of academic rigor—while they also embraced sound pedagogies the teachers practiced. Through
their experiences with schooling in the United States, Turkish parents reconsidered their sociocultural perspectives on the
role of the teacher in their children’s lives based on their experiences with their children’s teachers. The parents also
reported their challenges in understanding school culture and curriculum, and described how they negotiated their access to
the school culture. The results indicate the need for a stronger partnership between home and school. Teachers could support
parents in their struggle to access to the culture of schooling by establishing an eagerness for communication and a reciprocal
personal connection with families, who already socioculturally assume the teacher’s role as part of family. 相似文献
18.
Parents are generally less involved in their children’s science education (as compared to reading and mathematics) due to
low self-efficacy and a lack of home-school communication. This study examined parental interest and attitudes in science
as well as the nature of parent-to-child questioning during an interactive home, school, and community collaboration in the
southeastern United States. Study results, compiled from observations, exit surveys, and interviews revealed largely positive
family interactions and attitudes about science learning and increased parental interest toward involvement in elementary
science. Parents frequently used productive questioning techniques during activities. These results imply that successful
home, school, and community partnerships may elevate levels of parental participation in their children’s science education
and the parents’ perception of themselves as being competent in assisting in science. 相似文献
19.
Leah K. Wildenger Laura Lee McIntyre Barbara H. Fiese Tanya L. Eckert 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2008,36(1):69-74
Routines are an important feature of family life and functioning in families with young children. Common daily routines such
as dinnertime, bedtime, and waking activities are powerful organizers of family behavior and may be instrumental to children
and families during times of transition, such as elementary school entry. Daily routines were examined in 132 families with
children entering kindergarten. Although the majority of families reported regular daily routines for their children, parents
anticipated that their child’s daily routines would substantially shift upon kindergarten entry, including changes in children’s
sleep habits. Significant changes in child and family routines have been implicated in adjustment difficulties during kindergarten
transition. Results of this investigation are discussed in terms of aligning family daily routines with kindergarten expectations.
Furthermore, educational professionals in early childhood education and elementary school can partner with families to promote
seamless kindergarten transitions for all children. 相似文献
20.
One could focus on many different aspects of improving the quality of mathematics teaching. For a better understanding of
children’s mathematical learning processes or teaching and learning in general, reflection on and analysis of concrete classroom
situations are of major importance. On the basis of experiences gained in a collaborative research project with elementary
school teachers, several ideas about a professional reflection on one’s own instruction activities are explained. The paper
focuses on joint reflection between teachers and researchers on the participating teacher’s own classroom interaction by means
of concrete examples. It becomes clear that changes of one’s own interaction behavior will take place only in the long-term.
Nevertheless such a joint professional reflection should be an essential component of teachers’ professional knowledge in
a natural way.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献