国际汉语教师教育者的概念意涵及角色任务——基于教师教育者国际比较研究的启示

"国际汉语教师教育者"作为培养国际汉语教师的教师,是汉语国际教育和汉语国际传播的重要起点之一。其概念范围、层级划分和身份特征等可以从宏观、中观、微观三个层面分别进行界定。宏观概念的国际汉语教师教育者包括与国际汉语教师培养、培训相关的所有教职人员;中观概念既包括教师职前培养阶段的培养者,也包括入职、在职阶段的指导者和培训者;微观概念的国际汉语教师教育者特指汉教硕士的任课教师。国际汉语教师教育者的工作性质属于"二阶教学";教学目的是培养能适应国外中小学汉语教学需要的高水平教师;教学对象具有国际化特点。针对这些特性,国际汉语教师教育者在教学中应承担好"引领者""示范者""促进者""研究者"和"跨文化合作者"等角色职能。     

简论海外汉语国际教育与孔子学院教师基本素养

海外汉语国际教育与国内汉语国际教育的差异性,决定了孔子学院教师除应具备一般汉语国际教育教师的基本要求外,还应具备更为深厚的文化素养和多元文化背景下的表达沟通能力,适应在异质文化场域有效组织教学的需要。     

跨文化视野下的提升国际汉语教师素质的研究

在汉语国际推广如火如荼的今天,全世界都刮起了“汉语热”的旋风,作为推动我国汉语国际推广事业发展的重要力量——国际汉语教师,其素质提升成了汉语国际推广事业发展中极为重要的课题.本文从跨文化视野入手,分析国际汉语教师在其主要从事的语言文化教学、文化传播、跨文化人际交往三大实践活动中应具备的素质和能力,探究其素质存在的问题和提高的对策.     

论汉语国际推广视域下教师的语用能力

教师言语表达能力的培养与提高是国际汉语教师发展中重点研究的问题。国际汉语教师必须具备多元文化意识,应该有终身学习不断提高专业化成长的意识和教学反思的能力,了解东西方文化的异同和教育理念的差异,掌握跨文化交际的基本规则,了解汉语作为第二语言的学习规律和习得者的特点。     

案例教学法与国际汉语教师的职业教育

讨论了国际汉语教师的职业特点和案例教学法在国际汉语教师职业教育中的作用.分析了国际汉语教师专业性、综合性和国际性的职业特点,及其在汉语国际推广新形势下应具备的能力结构,提出通过案例教学法打通理论与实践,加强对结构不良领域的适应性,并训练高层次认知思维和决策能力,为国际汉语教师职业教育服务.     

浅析国际汉语教师志愿者应该具备的核心能力

本文在全球多元文化视域下,根据笔者作为国际汉语教师志愿者所学习的理论知识以及所获得的实践经验,结合《新国家汉语教师标准》(2012),提出国际汉语教师志愿者在汉语推广和文化传播方面应该具备以下核心能力:全球视域下的跨文化交际能力;中国文化自觉、自信、自强力;汉语国际教育专业技能内化力。     

国际汉语教师跨文化教学能力研究述评

围绕国际汉语教师跨文化教学方面的情况,回顾、评述和反思国际汉语教师跨文化教学能力在2005-2014十年间的研究动态。基于文献回顾来看,其研究主题主要聚焦三个方面的内容:(1)汉语教师所持跨文化教学的理念与实践;(2)跨文化教学模式;(3)跨文化教学的教师教育与培训项目。但是,该领域在理论指导下的实证研究仍然十分缺乏,理论与实践相对脱节,汉语教师群体的跨文化教学能力和意识亟待系统地培训与提高。未来国际汉语教育教学领域研究应关注:(1)针对汉语教师跨文化教学信念与实践在相对长期的过程中可能发生的变化开展追踪研究,以提高教师跨文化教学的反思能力,助力新手教师成长为熟手教师,提高跨文化教学的能力和有效性;(2)开展跨国比较研究视角,给各区域国别的汉语教师提供不同文化语境中的教学经验;(3)针对相关职前和职中教师教育培训项目,开展行动研究,弥补和完善现存项目中的不足之处。     

汉语国际教育本科专业课程设置初探

2012年,教育部颁发新版《普通高等学校本科专业目录》,将原"对外汉语"、"中国语言文化"和"中国学"三个本科专业合并为"汉语国际教育"。着眼于"汉语国际教育"与传统"对外汉语"的区别,"汉语国际教育"本科专业课程设置应以"中国语言文学类"、"中国文化类"、"外语技能类"、"国际汉语教学与汉语国际传播类"四个系统进行构拟。     

对海外国际汉语教师职业发展的思考

海外国际汉语教师的职业发展前景应该很广阔,但由于各种原因,存在很多问题。除了国家之间的政治、经济、文化、外交等因素外,海外国际汉语教师自身的生理和心理素质需要提高,需要培养良好的国际视野,培养异文化背景的适应能力,需要转变教育理念。从而培养起职业发展能力。     

论国际汉语教师培训中的教师介入

基于支架式教学理论与关键教学事件理论,本文认为"教师介入"是国际汉语教师培训的重要方法之一。指导教师关注课堂教学中的"关键事件",通过"教师介入"给受训教师提供一个"支架",帮助他们成为一名胜任力强的国际汉语教师。在进行介入时,指导教师需要注意介入的方式、时机与频率,选择、确定合适、恰当的介入方式、介入时机与介入频率有助于受训教师的全面发展。     

国际中文师资培训模式的构建——基于美国TESOL项目的启示

国际中文教育已经开启了一个普及化的新时代,构建一支高水平的师资队伍是推动国际中文教育长期稳定发展的必要条件。为了提升教师质量和数量,亟需构建更为完善的国际中文师资培训体系。美国TESOL(Teaching English to Speakers of Other Language)教师培训模式较为成熟,已经得到全球英语教师和用人单位的高度认可。通过对TESOL项目的培训理念、教学对象、课程培训目标、课程设置和资格认证等方面的深入分析,可以帮助国内学界了解美国TESOL项目的特点,为国际中文师资培训提供切实可行的参考,构建一套专业化、规范化、国际化、统一的国际中文师资培训模式。     

浅谈国际汉语教师的知识构成

当前,随着中国成为世界瞩目的焦点及近几年来"孔子学院"和"孔子课堂"在全球范围内广泛设立,世界各国学汉语的热情不断高涨,不但学习者大量地走进来,国际汉语教师也成批地走出去。这样一来就对国际汉语教学的"三教"问题的核心因素、关键因素———教师提出了更高的要求。在这样的背景下探讨一个合格的国际汉语教师的基本的知识构成具有重要意义。     

Teachers’ perceptions of effective teaching: a theory-based exploratory study of teachers from China

There is general agreement that teachers matter the most when it comes to student learning. However, there is an unquestionable need for educators to understand what constitutes effective teaching in K-12 classrooms. This research studied Chinese high school (N = 359) teachers’ perceptions of effective teaching using an international theoretical framework as guidance. Basic statistics described Chinese teachers’ perceptions on different domains of the teaching effectiveness framework. Statistically, significant results were found when comparing subject matter, gender, teaching experience, school type, award, academic rank and leadership. Furthermore, Chinese and American teachers’ perceptions on effectiveness were compared and contrasted. This study revealed that some findings were rooted in Confucian cultural tradition while others related to China’s current educational reform. Implications, recommendations and limitations are discussed.     

Metaphors used by pre-service teachers of Chinese as an international language

This inquiry explored 68 pre-service perceptions and aspirations of Teaching Chinese as an International Language (TCIL) teachers by analysing the metaphors they used to describe themselves as teachers. The inquiry revealed that the participants used a variety of metaphors to project the images of themselves as pre-service TCIL teachers. The results also confirm that the participants’ use of metaphors, as powerful tools to understand the complexity of teaching, reflects the mediation of cultural, historical and sociopolitical conditions. These findings help teacher educators to support TCIL teachers’ professional development by engaging them in critical dialogues about the metaphors they use to perceive themselves as TCIL teachers. They also help teacher educators to adopt tailor-made pedagogical content to address their development needs.     

Missing voices and possible dialogues: problems and possibilities for teacher education

ABSTRACT

Teacher education exists today in a context of rapid globalization, which affects the systems in which future teachers will work, the governance of teachers’ work, the students teachers will be teaching, as well as the policies, programs, curricula and students in teacher education itself. Several ideas recently have gained traction internationally and are shaping the working landscape of teaching and teacher education in many countries. This essay critically examines the circulation of what appear to be a small set of ‘core’ ideas that are influencing national and institutional policies of teacher education. I explore the emergence of new players in teacher education internationally, including individuals, corporations, and international bodies. Using policy documents, influential research studies, university program statements, and interviews, the essay provides a discursive analysis of the contradictory voices in what is becoming a global conversation of teacher education. In many ways, these ideas marginalize the voices of teachers and teacher educators. They tend to narrow the definitions of education and teaching. As a counterpoint to these widely circulating arguments, I explore how reciprocal teacher education exchange programs in China and the US create opportunities for alternative constructions of visions of teaching and teacher learning.     

Facilitating Professional Development during International Practicum: Understanding our Work as Teacher Educators through Critical Incidents

This collaborative self-study details the experiences of an Australian teacher educator and a Canadian teacher educator, who led teacher candidates on international practicum placements to the Cook Islands and Kenya respectively. Focusing on critical incidents, they collaboratively analyzed dilemmas that occurred when providing professional development sessions for local teachers during these placements. These dilemmas required the teacher educators to think deeply about their beliefs and practices in these contexts. Findings from the study included the teacher educator’s tendency to make assumptions about good teaching and learning practices that were reflective of their personal pedagogical values and beliefs; their discomfort with their perceptions of some neo‐colonial practices within these international practicum sites and uncertainty about how to navigate the resultant tensions; and, the need to view the work of teacher educators though a new cultural lens when working in transnational contexts. Implications for teacher educators working with local hosting teachers during international placements include the need to understand and acknowledge the complexity of this dimension of teacher educators’ work, and for teacher educators to engage in parallel learning journeys with the teacher candidates they accompany. This involves critically reflecting on the experiences, assumptions, and beliefs that they bring to their new contexts, as well as adopting a global perspective and a deep consciousness of how one is perceived by others who are culturally, racially, or linguistically different.     

Influence of teacher preparation programmes on preservice teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion

With the increased implementation of inclusive education, teacher educators have been challenged to make changes in programmes to prepare preservice teachers to educate diverse learners. These changes are reflected in various types of teacher preparation programmes that are transformations of traditional general education and special education programmes. However, little is known about the ways in which these transformed teacher preparation programmes influence preservice teachers’ attitudes toward inclusive education as future inclusive educators. To investigate the influence of teacher preparation programmes on preservice teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion, a survey method was used to collect data from preservice teachers in ten teacher preparation programmes. The responses from 110 preservice teachers were analysed according to the type of teacher preparation programme (i.e. combined, separate, or general teacher preparation programmes). The results indicated that preservice teachers from combined teacher preparation programmes in which general education and special education teacher preparation curricula were infused had significantly more positive attitudes toward inclusion than preservice teachers from separate programmes (p < 0.05). The implications of this study for practice and future research are discussed.     

Pre-service teachers’ perceptions of self as inclusive educators

Teacher education institutions play a key role in preparing pre-service teachers to graduate as competent and confident inclusive educators. Seeking to understand pre-service teachers’ current perceptions of diversity and inclusion, and how they perceived themselves as future inclusive educators, this qualitative study employed inductive analysis to explore pre-service teachers’ self-perceptions as inclusive teachers, utilising the theory of possible selves. Forty-six (n?=?46) of 292 pre-service teachers enrolled in an inclusive education subject in a graduate entry teacher education programme in eastern Australia participated in this study. Findings revealed that pre-service teachers had developed good theoretical understanding of inclusive education through their coursework. However, their development of possible selves as inclusive educators was less well-defined in that they had difficulty extending their understandings of who they might be as inclusive teachers beyond their coursework samples. This difficulty in identifying their cultural selves beyond a stereotypical norm of who a ‘classroom teacher’ is indicates a need for more and extensive time for pre-service teachers to develop their professional identities as inclusive educators.     

Understanding teachers’ motivation for and commitment to teaching: profiles of Chinese early career,early childhood teachers

ABSTRACT

To better understand the reasons underlying attrition and the teacher shortage, and to develop ways to attract and retain high-quality teachers in early childhood education, it is necessary to explore teacher motivation and commitment to teaching. Although previous research has investigated various aspects of teacher motivation and commitment to teaching, little attention has been paid to this in the context of early childhood teachers, especially early career teachers. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with 12 early career, early childhood teachers in mainland China, this study aims to examine early career early childhood teachers’ motivation to teach and commitment to teaching in the Chinese context. Four distinct types of early career, early childhood educators were identified: committed passionate, committed compromiser, undecided, and uncommitted. Each of these had unique motives for teaching and different levels of commitment to kindergarten teaching in mainland China. The four types of early career early childhood teachers identified in this study demonstrate the diversity and complexity of teaching motivation and commitment to teaching in the field of early childhood education. The findings from this study can provide implications for policy-makers and teacher educators to enhance novice teachers’ motivation and commitment to teaching in the early childhood context.     

Social justice teacher educators: what kind of knowing is needed?

ABSTRACT

What do teacher educators need to know and do in order to move from espousing to enacting social justice in their own teacher educating practice? This article addresses this question by examining scholarship that focuses on the preparation of preservice teachers for social justice. Using five knowledge domains for teaching (personal, contextual, pedagogical, sociological, social) as an analytic lens, the authors examined teacher education literature published between 2010 and 2016 in three international journals from Australia, the U.K. and the U.S. The study reveals that teacher educators in different contexts seem to highlight personal and contextual knowledge in their preparation of equity-minded preservice teachers and provides insight into how they conceptualise educational equity and social justice. The study illuminates what is likely in place in initial teacher education programmes, and what may be needed or missing if teacher educators are to prepare teachers for today’s diverse classrooms.

Abbreviation ITE: Initial Teacher Education ITE