基于用户信息需求的网页相关性评价研究

互联网带给人们的是海量信息,而这并没有给用户带来十足的方便,人们反而因为这些海量信息而不知道怎样找到对自己有用的信息。搜索引擎的出现,给了人们一个不错的工具。但用户的最终信息需求能否满足,要看用户能否利用这些工具找到有效的信息。因此,用户就是对于网页评价的最终主体,也只有建立在用户基础上的网页评价才最有价值。本文试图从用户的角度出发,建立一套基于用户信息需求的网页相关性评价方法,用于评价网页信息内容与用户需求的相关性。     

用户网络信息查询需求研究

阐述了用户网络信息查询需求调查结果中与网络信息组织相关的主要结果，论述了它对网络信息组织的三个启示：增强关键词检索功能是一项长期的任务，网络学术分类法和大众分类法应该并存，应加强对网页分类问题的研究。     

基于用户需求的高校图书馆科研信息服务平台设计

用户的信息需求状态有客观状态、认识状态和表达状态3个层次。信息服务的目标是使用户更全面认识到其客观需求并表达出来,从而实现潜在价值向现实价值的过渡和转化。为更好地服务于高校科研工作者,文章将其分为科研管理决策者、资深科研人员和初级科研人员3种,根据信息需求理论,在深入解读三类用户不同信息需求的基础上,结合现阶段信息技术和学科服务发展的实际情况,构建了一套智慧型科研信息服务平台的框架体系。     

基于元分析的用户在线健康信息搜寻行为影响因素研究

【目的/意义】针对现有用户在线健康信息搜寻行为的实证研究中存在的结果不一致现象,对该领域相关 研究进行梳理验证,旨在明确影响用户在线健康信息搜寻行为的真正因素以及关键调节变量,揭示用户在线健康 信息搜寻行为产生的直接原因,为完善用户在线健康信息搜寻行为理论体系及相关领域的后续研究提供借鉴。【方 法/过程】选取 25篇符合标准的中外文献进行元分析,探究影响因素及其影响程度,从国内外研究情境、用户的社 会属性与健康状况三个维度探讨影响因素与在线健康信息搜寻行为间的调节效应。【结果/结论】结果表明,10个因 素对用户在线健康信息搜寻行为有显著正向影响,其中信息质量的影响强度最高,感知风险、信任、自我效能及感 知有用性对在线健康信息搜寻行为的影响强度较弱,同时验证了国内外研究情境、用户的社会属性与健康状况对 在线健康信息搜寻行为具有调节作用。【创新/局限】本文采用元分析方法,通过对前人研究结果的再分析,得到更 加精准的研究结论,是对在线健康信息搜寻领域现有研究的有力补充。但对元分析方法的应用还较为单一,未涉 及各影响因素间的关系,有待后续进一步研究。     

互联网+时代下网络用户信息需求新特点对电商模式的影响研究

［目的/意义］探讨互联网+时代下网络用户信息需求对新电商模式的影响。［方法/过程］通过文献分析法,综合互联网+时代网络用户信息需求新特点,结合现实电商发展案例分析,总结出若干新形势下电商运营模式。［结果/结论］结合用户信息需求趋势新特点提出电商模式的构建启示,引入政府、高校及科研机构、个人（用户）三大协同主体,与电商主体共同构建了集合个性化需求、智能化生产、社会化供应三大特点的协同型电商模式。     

Image searching on the Excite Web search engine

A growing body of research is beginning to explore the information-seeking behavior of Web users. The vast majority of these studies have concentrated on the area of textual information retrieval (IR). Little research has examined how people search for non-textual information on the Internet, and few large-scale studies has investigated visual information-seeking behavior with general-purpose Web search engines. This study examined visual information needs as expressed in users’ Web image queries. The data set examined consisted of 1,025,908 sequential queries from 211,058 users of Excite, a major Internet search service. Twenty-eight terms were used to identify queries for both still and moving images, resulting in a subset of 33,149 image queries by 9855 users. We provide data on: (1) image queries – the number of queries and the number of search terms per user, (2) image search sessions – the number of queries per user, modifications made to subsequent queries in a session, and (3) image terms – their rank/frequency distribution and the most highly used search terms. On average, there were 3.36 image queries per user containing an average of 3.74 terms per query. Image queries contained a large number of unique terms. The most frequently occurring image related terms appeared less than 10% of the time, with most terms occurring only once. We contrast this to earlier work by P.G.B. Enser, Journal of Documentation 51 (2) (1995) 126–170, who examined written queries for pictorial information in a non-digital environment. Implications for the development of models for visual information retrieval, and for the design of Web search engines are discussed.     

Search Engines as Substitutes for Traditional Information Sources? An Investigation of Media Choice

We develop a two-phased survey design—based on the uses and gratifications approach and the theory of planned behavior—to analyze competitive relations between search engines and traditional information sources. We apply the survey design in a large-scale empirical study with 14-to 66-year-old Internet users (mean age 32) to find out whether complementary or substitutional dependencies predominate between search engines and three traditional information sources—paper-based encyclopedias and yellow pages and telephone-based directory assistance. We find that search engines, compared to the traditional alternatives, are gratifying a wider spread of users' needs. Although yellow pages and directory assistance are potentially substitutable, encyclopedias serve those needs that search engines cannot (yet) fulfill. The traditional media companies face increased competition, but do not necessarily have to be in an inferior competitive position.     

Search Engines as Substitutes for Traditional Information Sources? An Investigation of Media Choice

We develop a two-phased survey design—based on the uses and gratifications approach and the theory of planned behavior—to analyze competitive relations between search engines and traditional information sources. We apply the survey design in a large-scale empirical study with 14-to 66-year-old Internet users (mean age 32) to find out whether complementary or substitutional dependencies predominate between search engines and three traditional information sources—paper-based encyclopedias and yellow pages and telephone-based directory assistance. We find that search engines, compared to the traditional alternatives, are gratifying a wider spread of users' needs. Although yellow pages and directory assistance are potentially substitutable, encyclopedias serve those needs that search engines cannot (yet) fulfill. The traditional media companies face increased competition, but do not necessarily have to be in an inferior competitive position.     

Anticipating ageing: Older adults reading their medical records

In spite of the general interest in health information behaviour, there is little earlier research on how older adults, who are still active in working life but approaching retirement, differ from other age groups. A survey with Swedish patients who had ordered and read their medical record was conducted to map the preferences and motivations of older adults (born 1946–1960) ordering a copy of their medical record, and using medical records based e-health and information services in the future. The results do not indicate an obvious linear relationship between age and motivation to use online health information but show several differences between the age groups. Older adults were less interested in communication with their medical doctor by e-mail. Yet, they had searched health information in the Internet during the last week more likely than young. They were more inclined to read medical record to get an overview of their health than young, but less confident that they understood most of the content or turn to their family and friends to seek help than the elderly. When compared to younger adults and elderly people, older adults are the least confident and least motivated to use online health information. It is suggested that older adulthood can be seen as a transitory stage of life when the need of health information increases and engagement with health changes. The results agree with prior research on the potential usefulness of (online) medical records as a way to inform citizens. However, specific provision strategies may be necessary to match the needs and motivations of different age groups.     

老年在线社区用户健康信息需求挖掘研究

[目的/意义]研究老年在线社区用户的健康信息需求,为利用互联网开展精准的医学教育和科普服务提供依据,优化在线社区服务,吸引和鼓励更多老年人使用网络分享和获取健康信息。[方法/过程]本文采取网络文本挖掘的方法,选取老年论坛"老年人之家"中5 296条用户发布的健康相关文本作为语料库,利用TextRank和TF-IDF两种关键词抽取算法对每条文本抽取关键词,构造关键词共现网络,进行社会网络分析,识别重要关键词和主题,研究老年在线社区用户的健康信息需求。[结果/结论]老年在线社区用户信息需求主要可划分为中医养生原理与方法、生活方式调整与改变、疾病防治与应对老化、食品营养价值与功效4个类型,且不同需求类型间存在复杂的交错关系;用户表露的健康信息需求停留在生理健康层面,而心理健康和社会适应力是潜在的信息需求。通过网络文本挖掘的方法能有效利用用户生成的文本数据,展现用户健康信息需求并发现其中的问题。     

Finding information on the World Wide Web: the retrieval effectiveness of search engines

Search engines are essential for finding information on the World Wide Web. We conducted a study to see how effective eight search engines are. Expert searchers sought information on the Web for users who had legitimate needs for information, and these users assessed the relevance of the information retrieved. We calculated traditional information retrieval measures of recall and precision at varying numbers of retrieved documents and used these as the bases for statistical comparisons of retrieval effectiveness among the eight search engines. We also calculated the likelihood that a document retrieved by one search engine was retrieved by other search engines as well.     

ISP视域下的信息搜索用户学习过程演化模型构建

【目的/意义】对于理解“搜索即学习”理论机制,以及支持用户学习需求的信息系统的设计,融合学习与社交体验功能的检索工具的优化具有启示。【方法/过程】将ISP模型作为理论基础,综合使用日记研究与关键事件技术方法,讨论了信息搜索用户学习过程中的行动、情感与认知变化的基本规律,并基于此构建了信息搜索用户学习过程演化模型。【结果/结论】在启动、选择、探索、形成、收集与呈现六个阶段当中,信息搜索用户在行动、情感与认知上均具有非常丰富的表现。特别地,在启动阶段,出现了目标明确和目标模糊两种事件类型;在形成阶段,用户会结合对搜索结果的认识与学习需求的满足程度形成“提前上岸”与“乘风破浪”两种情形。社会化搜索、跨设备搜索、跨系统搜索等已经成为“搜索即学习”活动中的普遍现象。【创新/局限】在“搜索即学习”研究情境下重新检验了ISP模型,但对影响用户情感与认知的具体因素等的分析与解释还有待深入。     

百度与谷歌竞争的经济学分析与思考

从上世纪90年代至今,是互联网高速发展的时期。目前,中国互联网用户总量为2.98亿人,已成为全球互联网用户最多的国家。随之而来的是对搜索服务需求的增加,截至2008年底,中国搜索引擎用户规模已达到2.03亿人。根据艾瑞咨询(iResearch)发布的报告,2008年中国搜索引擎市场规模已达到50.3亿元。百度与谷歌作为中国搜索引擎行业的领导者,两者之间的竞争将影响这一庞大规模市场的市场结构、市场绩效以及消费者的福利,所以对两者之间竞争的分析思考是具有现实意义的。     

大众网络健康信息搜寻行为研究综述

大众通过网络搜寻健康信息逐步成为获取信息的主要途径。本文对国内外学者关于网络健康信息搜寻行为的文献进行收集和整理,对大众网络健康信息搜寻行为的研究方法、渠道、类型、障碍及影响因素等方面进行研究,利于针对性地为相关部门满足人们的健康信息需求提出参考,提高大众网络健康信息搜寻的效率和满意度,同时为我国学界相关研究提出展望。     

Implicit information need as explicit problems,help, and behavioral signals

Information need is one of the most fundamental aspects of information seeking, which traditionally conceptualizes as the initiation phase of an individual’s information seeking behavior. However, the very elusive and inexpressible nature of information need makes it hard to elicit from the information seeker or to extract through an automated process. One approach to understanding how a person realizes and expresses information need is to observe their seeking behaviors, to engage processes with information retrieval systems, and to focus on situated performative actions. Using Dervin’s Sense-Making theory and conceptualization of information need based on existing studies, the work reported here tries to understand and explore the concept of information need from a fresh methodological perspective by examining users’ perceived barriers and desired helps in different stages of information search episodes through the analyses of various implicit and explicit user search behaviors. In a controlled lab study, each participant performed three simulated online information search tasks. Participants’ implicit behaviors were collected through search logs, and explicit feedback was elicited through pre-task and post-task questionnaires. A total of 208 query segments were logged, along with users’ annotations on perceived problems and help. Data collected from the study was analyzed by applying both quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings identified several behaviors – such as the number of bookmarks, query length, number of the unique queries, time spent on search results observed in the previous segment, the current segment, and throughout the session – strongly associated with participants’ perceived barriers and help needed. The findings also showed that it is possible to build accurate predictive models to infer perceived problems of articulation of queries, useless and irrelevant information, and unavailability of information from users’ previous segment, current segment, and whole session behaviors. The findings also demonstrated that by combining perceived problem(s) and search behavioral features, it was possible to infer users’ needed help(s) in search with a certain level of accuracy (78%).     

从用户角度评价网络搜索引擎

随着互联网的广泛应用,搜索引擎成为了越来越多的用户从海量信息中获取知识必不可少的工具,利用哪些搜索引擎以及怎样利用它们才能获得更多、更准确的信息成为网络用户所关心的问题。本文试从网络用户的角度介绍、分析和讨论互联网搜索引擎,结合历史和现状具体讨论了查全率和查准率以及相关性问题,从选择搜索引擎、使用搜索引擎、认识搜索结果和用户负担几个方面建立评价标准。     

浅谈网络资源的组织

The rapid growth of Intemet resources has brought great inconvenience to users in searching for useful information. How to organize Internet resources effectively has become a problem of concern to information organizers and users. This article analyzes the essential impact of Intemet resources on information organization, and discusses the difficulties of Intemet resources organization. Finally, it introduces some research examples of Intemet resources organization in foreign countries.     

政府公共信息服务网站用户行为分析及启示——以广西农业信息网为例

文章分析广西农业信息网信息发布概况,以中文互联网数据统计分析第三方服务提供商CNZZ开发的数据采集统计平台为依托,随机选择了2012年5月广西农业信息网的用户访问搜索的关键字、应用的搜索工具、使用的访问终端、网络服务接入商、访问来源、访问深度、访问时段、访问来路等九个统计指标进行调查,分析了广西农业信息网用户访问行为的特征,得出以下几个结论:一是广西农业信息网用户以百度、搜狗、谷歌、腾讯为等主渠道进行信息的定位搜索;二是广西农业信息网终端用户手机用户约占1.95%,电脑用户占98%以上,农村地区移动互联网应用处于起步阶段;三是用户通过电信、电信通、网通、移动等运营商提供网络通讯服务的用户累计占到98%以上;四是广西本地网民是关注广西农业信息网的主体,占到接近60%;六是网民对于广西农业信息网的关注多为简单获取信息进行浅层访问;七是网站日流量呈现出明显的工作日流量大节假日流量小的趋势,访问以工作时间为主.提出了优化政府信息网站的7个方面的建议.     

A study of awareness in multimedia search

Awareness of another’s activity is an important aspect of facilitating collaboration between users, enabling an “understanding of the activities of others” (Dourish & Bellotti, 1992). In this paper we investigate the role of awareness and its effect on search performance and behaviour in collaborative multimedia retrieval. We focus on the scenario where two users are searching at the same time on the same task, and via an interface, can see the activity of the other user. The main research question asks: does awareness of another searcher aid a user when carrying out a multimedia search session?To encourage awareness, an experimental study was designed where two users were asked to compete to find as many relevant video shots as possible under different awareness conditions. These were individual search (no awareness), Mutual awareness (where both users could see the other’s search screen), and unbalanced awareness (where one user is able to see the other’s screen, but not vice-versa). Twelve pairs of users were recruited, and the four worst performing TRECVID 2006 search topics were used as search tasks, under four different awareness conditions. We present the results of this study, followed by a discussion of the implications for multimedia information retrieval systems.     

Using Web structure and summarisation techniques for Web content mining

The dynamic nature and size of the Internet can result in difficulty finding relevant information. Most users typically express their information need via short queries to search engines and they often have to physically sift through the search results based on relevance ranking set by the search engines, making the process of relevance judgement time-consuming. In this paper, we describe a novel representation technique which makes use of the Web structure together with summarisation techniques to better represent knowledge in actual Web Documents. We named the proposed technique as Semantic Virtual Document (SVD). We will discuss how the proposed SVD can be used together with a suitable clustering algorithm to achieve an automatic content-based categorization of similar Web Documents. The auto-categorization facility as well as a “Tree-like” Graphical User Interface (GUI) for post-retrieval document browsing enhances the relevance judgement process for Internet users. Furthermore, we will introduce how our cluster-biased automatic query expansion technique can be used to overcome the ambiguity of short queries typically given by users. We will outline our experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed SVD for representation and present a prototype called iSEARCH (Intelligent SEarch And Review of Cluster Hierarchy) for Web content mining. Our results confirm, quantify and extend previous research using Web structure and summarisation techniques, introducing novel techniques for knowledge representation to enhance Web content mining.