朱熹的中庸与中和关系探讨

《中庸》第一章是整篇文章的核心和重点，提出了“天”、“性”、“道”、“教”、“慎独”、“中和”等概念。文曰：“天命之谓性，率性之谓道，修道之谓教。道也者，不可须臾离也，可离非道也。是故君子戒慎乎其所不睹，恐惧乎其所不闻。莫见乎隐，莫显乎微。故君子慎其独也。喜怨哀乐之未发，谓之中；发而皆中节，谓之和。中也者，天下之大本也。和也者，天下之达道也。致中和，天地位焉，万物育焉。”也就是说，文章的题名虽为“中庸”，但是总起性的段落中却没有提到中庸，而提出了“中和”这一概念，子思为什么提出中和这个概念，中和与中庸的关系为何，自然引起解读《中庸》者的关注。下面我们从三个方面探讨朱熹关于中庸与中和关系的解析。     

《黄帝内经》中的阴阳思想

正阴阳观念历史悠久,贯穿于我国古代思想文化之中。《黄帝内经》是一部医学经典,其中有很多篇幅深刻阐发当时哲学领域的一些重大问题,如气、阴阳、五行、形神关系、天人关系等等。这部医学经典总结并发展了先秦以来的阴阳学说,在一定程度上反映了我国汉代科学文化的认知水平。本文则通过考察《黄帝内经》中《素问》部分有关阴阳观念的论述,对《黄帝内经》中的阴阳思想进行梳理。一、阴阳思想的源流我国古代阴阳学说发源很早,一般认为,阴阳     

另有一种五行──漫说郭店楚简之四

提起五行,人们很容易会想到“金水水火土”,想到古代中国的一种学说,认为世界是由这五种元素构成的一种学说。一些人士更会概乎言之,感叹五行学说对于中国文化的功过是非,对于中国人思维习惯的规范与制导。这些想法是很自然的,也很能引人入胜。现在我想说的却是另一种五行,郭店楚简里提出的五行：它与“金木水火土”不是一回事,也不属一个系统,而且压根儿就没有什么关系。它叫做：“仁义礼智圣。”这次敦店出土的十来篇文章中,除一篇以外都没有篇名;自带姓名的那一篇,就是《五行》。这篇文章共有SO枚简,16O0字左右,与ZO年前…     

弘扬中华“和合文化”刍议

一“和合”是中华民族传统文化中独特的、衍续不断的一个重要的哲学概念、文化理念、政治理论和社会理想。早在两千多年以前,先民在生产和生活实践中,“仰则观象于天,俯则观法于地,视鸟兽之文与地之宜,近取诸身,远取诸物”而制定了八卦,并且提出了最早见于《尚书》、列于“洪范九畴”之首、被视为百物之基的“五行”。八卦和五行都是把自然作为多种性质、多种因素、多种成分的物质组合,并进而把构成自然的各种物质和物象简括为阴、阳二气。阴阳八卦和五行所代表的各种物质和物象在运动中相互依存、相互制约、相克相生、矛盾统一、和…     

《周易》"阴阳"观与中国美学之"生化"构成思想

中国文化所有重要的思想与理论,都没有脱离<周易>的影响.研究<周易>与中国文化之间的承接关系,对准确把握中国文化及其生长于其中的美学思想与精神,具有重要的意义.其中,作为中国美学最基元的"阴阳"絪缊、"生化"构成思想更是秉承于<周易>.可以说,"阴阳"的絪缊、激荡、生化、构成是<周易>的核心思想,所谓"一阴一阳之谓道"、"阴阳不测之谓神",影响及中国美学思想,在中国美学思想中,处处体现着"阴阳"、"生化"构成的思想.     

《淮南子》辩证思维对六朝咏梅诗 创作的影响

正《淮南子》一书充满着辩证思维色彩,它既继承了老子两两相对的理论学说,又将其延伸于实际事物中。《淮南子》在继承《老子》一书的基础上,充分阐释了自己"阴阳合和"的观点,并用辩证理论阐释事物之间的关系,对后世有深远影响。在《老子》一书中,对辩证理论的阐述是"道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物,万物负阴而抱阳,冲气以为和。"(《老子》第四十二章)而在《淮南子》中,对阴阳相对理论的表述是"道始于一,一而不生,故分而为阴阳。阴阳合和而万物生。"     

先秦至西汉时期阴阳五行学说的影响——以《汉书·艺文志》为样本的分析

阴阳五行学说对中国人的思想文化行为有着深刻影响，尤其是先秦两汉时期，影响更为普遍而深刻。崔瑞德、鲁惟一说：“汉代的思想家即使不是全部，似乎也大部分接受了这个理论（注：五行理论），用它来解释世界上自然序列（包括创世过程）的延绵不绝的现象。”正是因此，班固在《汉书·艺文志》（以下简称《汉志》）中收录了先秦至西汉时期许多有关阴阳五行学说的著作，为我们分析研究阴阳五行学说对先秦至西汉学术思想的影响提供了样本。     

周易的生命哲学及其对中国古代设计美学的影响

《周易》是中国古代生命哲学的源头,蕴含着"天地之大德曰生"、"一阴一阳之谓道"、"二气感应以相与"等重要命题,其核心思想是把整个宇宙视为一个有机生命体,生生之"气"为宇宙的本源,阴阳对立面的相互转化推动宇宙的变化发展。在这种生命哲学的影响下,中国古代设计美学注重比象天地,崇尚阴阳和谐、阳尊阴卑,并且追求与生命精神相应的飞动之美、韵律之美。     

禹蹟考《禹贡》讲授提纲

中国经典，天文祖《尧典》，地理宗《禹贡》，《易传》道阴阳，《洪范》序五行，对中国思想影响至深。它们除《易传》附於《易经》，皆在《尚书》中，《禹贡》居其一。中国古代天下观，最初的表述就是《禹贡》九州。     

漫谈周代礼乐

礼与乐，实际上具有一体两面性，正如（（周易·系辞》所论“一阴一阳之谓道”，两者既相互依存，又相互制约，维持必要的张力与动态平衡。（（二程遗书》卷三记载程颢论乐云：“弹琴，心不在便不成声，所以谓琴者禁也，禁人之邪心。”典出（（白虎通·礼乐》：“琴者，禁也，所以禁止淫邪、正人心也。”此说源于（（乐记》“乐盈而反”的乐学思想。     

Kaiping Diaolou and VillagesA Fusion of Chinese and Western Structural and Decorative Forms简

On June 28, 2007, approved by the 31st World Heritage Committee held inChristchurch, New Zealand, Kaiping Diaolou and villages were inscribed in the World Heritage List and became the 35th world heritage in China. They were also the first Chinese world heritage that reflects the culture of overseas Chinese. In fact, as early as June 25, 2001,     

Latins and Georgians and the Crusader Kingdom

Partly because the First Crusade had weakened the Seljuk Sultanate in 1097–1099, David III of Georgia was able to extend his power over much of the Caucasus. The rulers of the Crusader States who stood in need of Eastern Christian allies sought to co-operate with him. Yet although some Western knights served in his army, the practical difficulties of co-ordinating joint action against the Islamic powers of north Syria and Anatolia in the twelfth century proved insuperable. In the thirteenth century the Georgian crown offered an alliance to the leaders of the Fifth Crusade: their forces would attack the northern provinces of the Ayyūbid Empire while the crusaders were invading Egypt. This strategy was sound, but the rise of the Mongol Empire prevented it from being implemented. Nevertheless, the desire for military collaboration between Georgia and the Western powers persisted until the mid-fifteenth century.     

Public and Popular: British and Swedish Audience Trends in Factual and Reality Television

The research in this article examines audience responses to a range of factual and reality genres. It takes as a starting point that television audiences do not experience news or documentary or reality TV in isolation but as part of a range of factual and reality programmes. Factual and reality programming includes a broad understanding of non-fictional programming on broadcast television, satellite, cable and digital television. The breakdown of factual and reality programming into specific genres includes news, current affairs, documentary, and reality programmes, with further sub genres applied within each of these categories. This article critically examines genre evaluation. The quantitative research in this article is based on two national representative surveys conducted in Britain and Sweden. In both Britain and Sweden, programme makers have moved towards a reliance on popular factual genres. In Britain this is across all channels, and in Sweden this is mainly concentrated on commercial channels. Whilst there is still a commitment to news, there is an increasing use of hybrid genres in an attempt to popularise factual output. The impact of this changing generic environment on audiences is that in both countries viewers have reacted by drawing a line between traditional and contemporary factual genres. It is precisely because of the redrawing of the factual map that viewers rely on traditional ways of evaluating genres as public and informative, or popular and entertaining. The data provides evidence that contributes to existing debate on television genre, public service broadcasting, and media literacy skills. The central argument in this article is that genre evaluation is connected with wider socio-cultural discourses on public service broadcasting and popular culture, and that these are common social and cultural values that are shared by national audiences in two Northern European countries.     

闽台糕饼粿印模与两地风俗

一糕印、饼印、粿印形制各异、工艺精美,是颇为珍贵的民间艺术创作和文化创造。不仅代表着闽台两地的饮食文化,也反映两地的习俗信仰、节庆生活;同时也显现出艺术与生活结合为一体的传统风俗,在福建、台湾等地年节婚庆、敬神祭祖等传统民俗活动中都有广泛的传播。木制糕饼粿印模以雕刻的手法制作。     

Goals and achievement orientations of anglo and mexican-american adolescents in sport and the classroom

The purpose of this study was to analyze the definitions of success and failure (achievement goals) and preferred means to goal attainment (achievement orientations) among male and female Anglo and Mexican-American high school students I athletes in sport and the classroom. Based on a recent conceptualization of achievement motivation, it was assumed that definitions of success and failure could be equated to personal characteristics, behaviors, or outcomes and reflect an emphasis on either effort or ability. Further, it was assumed that there are two major achievement orientations: In one, the means to goal attainment entail social comparison; in the second, goal attainment is processed according to mastery criteria. Results revealed cultural and sex differences in athletic goals. Anglo males were more likely to define sport success in terms of ability while Anglo females and Mexican-American athletes tended to equate athletic success to the demonstration of effort. The reverse was true for sport failure—Anglo males emphasized low effort while the other groups stressed low ability. Variations in preferred achievement orientations were also revealed. For example, in the athletic setting, females showed the least preference for sport success which reflected on the individual and involved social comparison. Males indicated the least preference for individual-oriented, social comparison-based athletic failure.     

Perceptions of national identity and attitudes toward immigrants and immigration in Canada and Germany

In the current research, we examined whether promoting an inclusive national ingroup that includes both immigrants and nonimmigrants would improve attitudes toward immigrants and immigration among members of receiving societies. We also determined whether one's nation of citizenship and individual differences in social dominance orientation would moderate the effects. Participants were 126 Canadian students and 282 German students, who completed a measure of social dominance orientation and were then asked to respond to a series of questions designed to heighten the salience of national identity (national identity), promote a national ingroup that includes immigrants (common national ingroup), or irrelevant questions (control). The dependent measures included attitudes toward immigrants and immigration, and subtle prejudice toward immigrants. Results revealed that the manipulation of a common national ingroup successfully promoted more positive attitudes toward immigrants and immigration among higher social dominance oriented Canadian participants, but tended to have detrimental effects on the attitudes of higher social dominance oriented German participants. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of considering the context in which groups are situated, as well as implications for developing strategies to promote harmony between immigrants and members of receiving societies.