大学生父母教养方式、自尊与攻击行为关系研究

通过问卷法对江西省某大学的大学生进行调查,综合考察父母教养方式、自尊水平对大学生攻击行为的影响,发现:(1)大学生的父母教养方式存在不同程度的差异;(2)自尊水平存在性别和城镇与乡村差异;(3)总攻击行为存在性别差异;(4)大学生的父母教养方式、自尊水平、攻击之间密切相关。通过父亲惩罚、父亲拒绝、父亲偏爱、母亲拒绝四个因子和自尊水平可以预测大学生的攻击行为。     

父母教养方式对大学生攻击行为的影响:道德推脱的中介作用

采用问卷调查法,考察道德推脱在父母教养方式和攻击行为之间的中介作用。结果发现:(1)父、母情感温暖理解显著负向预测道德推脱、攻击行为;父、母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认显著正向预测道德推脱、攻击行为。(2)道德推脱显著正向预测攻击行为。(3)道德推脱在积极教养方式和攻击行为之间起部分中介作用;道德推脱在消极教养方式和攻击行为之间起部分中介作用。结果表明:父母教养方式除直接影响大学生攻击行为外,还通过道德推脱的中介作用间接影响大学生攻击行为。     

小学中高年级儿童的同伴接纳、社会行为与父母教养方式的关系

通过对132名小学3、4、5年级学生的同伴接纳、社会行为和父母教养方式相互关系的问卷调查发现,儿童表现出的攻击行为越少,亲社会行为越多,则同伴接纳越高;儿童的同伴接纳与父母教养方式之间没有关系;父母不同的教养方式对儿童的社会行为产生显著的影响,父母教养方式积极的儿童表现出更多的亲社会行为.     

父母教养方式与儿童的反应性主动性攻击

父母教养方式作为儿童发展中最重要的背景因素如何影响与塑造儿童的行为方式一直是儿童发展心理学研究的重点。文章选取了中国内陆843名初中儿童（12．66±1．34）为被试,考察了不同的教养方式与不同亚类型攻击的关系。结果显示,儿童反应性主动性攻击行为受不同类型的教养方式的影响方式显著不同。权威型的教养方式下儿童无论是反应性攻击还足主动性攻击都显著低于其他三种不利的教养方式;而三种不利的教养方式在反应性攻击上没有显著差异,但在主动性攻击上差异显著。     

父母教养方式对幼儿攻击行为的影响

父母教养方式是指父母在抚养教育子女的过程中所表现出来的相对稳定的行为方式,父母的教养方式对幼儿的社会性发展有着重要的影响。在幼儿期,攻击性行为是一种不受欢迎但却经常发生的不良行为。对幼儿出现的攻击行为必须有正确的判断和引导,否则,将会导致个体成年后的行为失调甚至是暴力犯罪。家庭作为幼儿身心发展最重要的初时社会生活场所,对幼儿的发展影响甚大。本文从父母教育方式的类型、攻击行为的成因,揭示父母教养方式对幼儿攻击行为的影响,从而为解决幼儿攻击行为提供一条新的思路。     

父母积极和消极教养方式对大学生体育锻炼态度的影响

采用分层抽样法抽取合肥市高校在读大学生进行调查,试图探讨父母教养方式对大学生锻炼态度的影响.运用回归分析法进行研究,结果显示,大学生锻炼行为与父母消极教养方式具有较高一致性;行为认知、行为意向等认知类因子与父母积极教养方式有显著相关,行为态度、目标态度等态度类因子与消极教养方式有显著相关;母情感温暖对大学生锻炼态度存在直接效应;父情感温暖、父惩罚、父母过分干涉、父过度保护、父母偏爱对大学生锻炼态度存在间接影响.     

父母教养方式对流动青少年外化行为问题的影响

探索家庭因素对流动青少年外化行为问题的影响,采用父母教养方式问卷(PBI)和青少年自评量表(YSR)对805名苏州地区流动初中生进行问卷调查。结果显示:(1)流动青少年感知父亲和母亲教养方式方面存在差异,母亲比父亲采用更多过度保护和关怀的教养方式,而父亲比母亲更多采用冷漠拒绝的教养方式。(2)父亲的"冷漠拒绝"和母亲的"过度保护"是影响流动青少年违纪行为、攻击行为和外化行为问题的重要诱发因素;母亲的"关怀"是流动青少年违纪行为、攻击行为和外化行为问题减少的重要预防因素。(3)家庭经济、父母学历和流动青少年违纪行为、攻击行为和外化行为问题之间不存在显著差异。结论:相比家庭经济因素和父母学历因素,家庭教养方式对流动青少年外化行为问题具有更为突出的影响。其中,父亲冷漠拒绝和母亲过度保护是流动青少年外化行为问题产生的重要影响因素,而母亲关怀是流动青少年外化行为问题减少的积极影响因素。     

高校学生攻击行为及差异性研究

目的：探讨高校学生的攻击行为及现状并对攻击行为进行差异研究。方法：采用T检验分析高校学生攻击行为及现状。结果：（1）88%以上高校学生具有攻击暴力行为;（2）高校学生的攻击行为存在学校类别、男女等差异显著,但攻击行为不存在是否体育专业、独生子女和新老生差异性;（3）家庭教养方式、个性、自尊与社会支持等不同变量存在高低攻击分组差异。结论：塑造良好的高校大学生个性,适时提供支持,家校结合,使其在良好的家庭环境中以健康心态来进行学习、生活、交往,减少高校学生攻击、暴力等事件发生。     

维吾尔族大学生父母教养方式与时间管理倾向的相关研究

本研究通过对151名新疆维吾尔族大学生进行调查,探讨父母教养方式对大学生时间管理倾向的影响。以时间管理倾向量表与父母教养方式调查问卷为研究工具进行测查,得出以下结果:1.父母教养方式在性别、父母文化程度上没有显著差异。2.时间管理倾向在性别上没有显著差异。3.父母教养方式与时间管理倾向存在显著差异,其中情感温暖与理解等教养方式与时间管理倾向存在正相关,父母拒绝等教养方式与时间管理倾向存在负相关。结论:父母教养方式对维吾尔族大学生时间管理倾向有重要影响。     

大学生防御机制与父母教养方式的关系研究

以DSQ和EMBU为工具,对南京地区439名大学生的防御机制、父母教养方式及其二者的关系进行研究.结果表明:1.大学生较多应用成熟防御机制,但应用程度上存在一定的群体差异.2.与同辈群体相比较,民主而不失规矩的教育是大学生父母教养方式的基本特点,但存在一定的群体差异.3.民主而不失规矩的教养方式对大学生形成成熟防御机制具有积极影响.4.父母教养方式对不同大学生群体成熟防御机制的形成产生的影响力大小和性质不同.     

不同家庭结构大学生父母教养方式与防御机制的关系研究

为了解当前大学生的性格特征与家庭教育的关系,在问卷调查的基础上,对不同家庭结构大学生的家庭教养方式、防御机制进行了相关分析,并通过回归分析对不成熟防御机制的家庭教养因子进行考察,结果表明:对于不同家庭结构和不同性别子女,父亲的教养方式存在显著性差异;在母亲教养方式的情感温暖维度,仅性别存在显著性差异;不同家庭结构的大学生防御机制不存在显著差异;不同结构家庭,父母亲的情感、温暖对子女的不成熟防御机制有显著影响。在正常结构家庭中,母亲的情感温暖,惩罚严厉对子女的成熟防御机制有显著的预测作用。在特殊结构家庭中,父亲的拒绝、否认对子女的成熟防御机制有预测作用。在正常结构家庭中,母亲的拒绝否认对中间型防御机制有显著的预测作用。     

Parenting Practices and Aggressive Behavior in Chinese Children

Objective. We examined relations between parental warmth, guidance, and power assertion and child aggressive behavior in Chinese children. Design. A sample of children (N = 68), at 4 years of age, and their parents in P. R. China, participated in the study. Observational data concerning parenting and child compliance were obtained from home visits. Aggressive behavior was assessed in the context of peer interactions in the laboratory. Results. Maternal warmth and guidance were negatively associated with aggression. Parental power assertion was positively associated with aggression. The relations between parenting practices and aggressive behavior might be moderated by the child's characteristics: Whereas maternal warmth was negatively related to aggression mainly for compliant children, paternal positive parenting was negatively related to aggression for noncompliant and defiant children. Finally, maternal power assertion and paternal power assertion interacted with each other in predicting child aggression. Conclusions. The study provided valuable information about functional "meanings" of major parenting dimensions in Chinese culture.     

Child‐Rearing Practices Associated with Aggression in Youth with and without ADHD: An Exploratory Study

Although parental behaviour and attitudes have been assessed for their contribution to disordered child behaviour, little research has examined child‐rearing practices. Child‐rearing practices may be more amenable to change than attitudes, while being more inclusive than specific behaviour. This study assessed child‐rearing practices and attitudes of parents of youth with hyperactivity. Twenty‐seven children, aged 7 to 11, were placed in either a hyperactive, hyperactive‐aggressive, or comparison group based on behavioural ratings. A home visit was made for the purposes of administering questionnaires to parents and observing a peer play interaction. Overall, we found that mothers of youth with hyperactivity were using more consequences (time outs, reasoning, and taking away privileges) than comparisons; whereas fathers reported greater incidence of allowing free‐reign in their child‐rearing than comparison fathers. Additionally, mothers of normal comparison youth were more overprotective than mothers of youth with co‐occurring hyperactivity and aggression.     

Some Consequences of Early Harsh Discipline: Child Aggression and a Maladaptive Social Information Processing Style

Although a number of studies have reported a relation between abusive parental behavior and later aggressive behavior in the victim, many of these investigations have had methodological limitations that make precise interpretation of their results problematic. In the present study, we attempted to determine whether harsh parental discipline occurring early in life was associated with later aggression and internalizing behavior in children, using a prospective design with randomly selected samples to avoid some of these methodological difficulties. Structural equation modeling indicated a consistent relation between harsh discipline and aggression in 2 separate cohorts of children. This relation did not appear to be due to possible confounding factors such as child temperament, SES, and marital violence, although there was some indication in our data that the latter variables were related to child aggression. In addition, our analyses suggested that the effect of harsh discipline on child aggression may be mediated at least in part by maladaptive social information processing patterns that develop in response to the harsh discipline.     

Aggressive behavior in preschoolers' social networks: Do birds of a feather flock together?

In a preschool setting, the naturally occurring aggressive behavior of sixtyfour 4-year-old children was observed and recorded. Individual differences in gender, behavioral style, social competence, reciprocal friendship, and social clique membership were examined to understand how these variables might be related to children's aggressive behavior. Variations in children's aggressive behavior were found to be associated with behavior style and social competence with peers. Children within social cliques were relatively similar in the frequency of their observed aggressive behavior. The results suggest that efforts to decrease children's aggression might target groups of children rather than individuals.     

Callous unemotional traits and the relationship between aggressive parenting practices and conduct problems in Singaporean families

Research into parenting influences on child conduct problems in Asian countries has been limited compared to that conducted in Western countries, especially with regard to interplay between parenting and callous unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., lack of guilt and empathy). This study examined associations between dimensions of aggressive parenting practices (psychological aggression, mild and severe physical aggression), dimensions of child aggression (proactive, reactive), and child CU traits, in Singapore. Participants were children and adolescents with clinic-referred externalizing problems (N = 282; 87.6% boys), aged 7–16 years. Mild and severe parental physical aggression was found to be uniquely associated with children’s proactive aggression, whereas parental psychological aggression was uniquely associated with both proactive and reactive aggression. Consistent with previous evidence regarding CU traits as moderators of the relationship between negative parenting and child conduct problems, physically aggressive parenting was found to be more strongly associated with children’s proactive aggression among children with low levels of CU traits, than those with high CU traits. These findings support the need for ongoing research into CU traits in Asian cultures, focused on heterogeneous risk pathways to antisocial behavior and individual differences in response to family-based interventions.     

Harsh parenting and child aggression: Child moral disengagement as the mediator and negative parental attribution as the moderator

As the negative outcomes of harsh parenting for child development have been gradually revealed, researchers become increasingly interested in the mechanisms through which harsh parenting affects child development. This study aimed to explore the mediating role of child moral disengagement and the moderating role of negative parental attribution in the relation of harsh parenting to child aggression. A sample of 397 Chinese adolescents aged from 12 to 16 years (227 boys and 170 girls, Mage = 13.98) with their parents were recruited as participants from two public schools situated in rural areas of Shandong province in China. Data were gathered from parents reporting on their harsh parenting and negative parental attribution, adolescents reporting on their moral disengagement, and peers nominating out aggressive children. Results indicated that harsh parenting was both directly and indirectly associated with adolescent aggression via adolescent moral disengagement. Negative parental attribution was found to moderate the indirect relation of harsh parenting to adolescent aggression via moral disengagement. Specifically, harsh parenting was only significantly associated with moral disengagement for adolescents with high levels of moral disengagement was more likely to induce aggression among adolescents with high levels of negative parental attribution (bsimple = of harsh parenting to adolescent aggression, adolescent moral disengagement could mediate the association between harsh parenting and aggressive behaviors for adolescents with high levels of negative parental attribution.     

Parents who hit and scream: Interactive effects of verbal and severe physical aggression on clinic-referred adolescents’ adjustment

The goals of this study were first, to delineate the co-occurrence of parental severe physical aggression and verbal aggression toward clinic-referred adolescents, and second, to examine the interactive effects of parental severe physical aggression and verbal aggression on adolescent externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. This research involved 239 referrals of 11- to 18-year-old youth and their dual-parent families to a non-profit, private community mental health center in a semi-rural Midwest community. Multiple informants (i.e., adolescents and mothers) were used to assess parental aggression and adolescent behavior problems. More than half of clinic-referred adolescents (51%) experienced severe physical aggression and/or high verbal aggression from one or both parents. A pattern of interactive effects of mother-to-adolescent severe physical aggression and verbal aggression on adolescent behavior problems emerged, indicating that when severe physical aggression was present, mother-to-adolescent verbal aggression was positively associated with greater adolescent behavior problems whereas when severe physical aggression was not present, the links between verbal aggression and behavior problems was no longer significant. No interactive effects were found for father-to-adolescent severe physical aggression and verbal aggression on adolescent adjustment; however, higher father-to-adolescent verbal aggression was consistently linked to behavior problems above and beyond the influence of severe physical aggression. The results of this study should promote the practice of routinely assessing clinic-referred adolescents and their parents about their experiences of verbal aggression in addition to severe physical aggression and other forms of abuse.     

Protective and vulnerability factors for physically abused children: effects of ethnicity and parenting context

OBJECTIVE: Although social maladjustment appears to be common among abused children, negative outcomes are not inevitable. This investigation was designed to determine whether ethnicity and features of the parenting context predicted children's social adjustment, and whether the strength and direction of these relations differed for abused and nonabused children. METHOD: Participants included 78 physically abused and 75 demographically matched nonabused children and one of their parents. Observations of parenting were used to measure parental sensitivity, and parent self-reports of depression were obtained using the SCL-90-R. Children's peer social adjustment was measured by teacher report. RESULTS: Using regression analysis, we tested whether each potential protective or vulnerability factor interacted with abuse status in prediction of social adjustment. Results indicated main effects of ethnicity and sensitivity for prosocial behavior, and a main effect of sensitivity for aggression. In addition, there was a significant interaction of ethnicity and abuse status for aggression such that there was a significant difference between abused and nonabused European American children but not between abused and nonabused African American children. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that risk for aggressive behavior among abused children might be culturally specific rather than universal. In addition, results point to beneficial effects of parental sensitivity for maltreated children.