世界蹦床运动动作现状及其发展

通过查阅相关资料和统计两次世界最高水平蹦床竞赛中使用的蹦床动作,确定了目前世界比赛中运动员所使用的动作情况。根据相关信息和对蹦床发展历史的回顾,分析了近期蹦床运动动作的发展形式。结果认为,蹦床预赛第1套动作中,主要采用1周空翻,男、女使用的1周空翻情况是相似的。非完整类空翻中,使用后空翻3/4周接腹弹的动作最多。蹦床预赛第2套动作和决赛套动作中,男子动作以2周高难度动作和3周动作为主体,以3周高难度动作为前沿动作。女子使用了12001o和12001<两个动作,其2周动作以2周空翻且转体在720°以下的难度动作为主。未来蹦床运动的发展趋势将促使运动员掌握更多的蹦床动作,比赛中对技术动作的评判将更加细致;在编排方面,预赛两套动作将结合更为紧密。     

蹦床“团身后三周1080°旋翻”的生物力学分析

“团身后空翻三周同时转体1080°”动作,简称“后三周1080°团旋”(本文中简写成“3—1080°”)。是目前翻转周数和转体度数最多的旋翻,且只在蹦床上完成。法国蹦床运动员世界冠军获得者里奥内尔·皮奥利内1985年5月在杭州,上海表演时成功地完成了这个高难度的动作。本文在表演现场取得该动作的电影资料,经数据处理得到各项运动学参数,据此对蹦床“3—1080°”动作的起跳、腾空两个阶段分别进行生物力学分析,找出其运     

我国蹦床运动员起跳网上转体研究报告

主要采用摄像法和影像解析法对我国蹦床运动员起跳网上转体问题进行研究。研究结果表明:起跳网上转体目前是我国蹦床运动员普遍存在的技术错误之一。它不但影响腾起高度及动作姿态,还易导致身体横向水平位移。当完成翻转周数、转体度数较少的空翻转体动作时应采用非惯性转体技术;当完成翻转周数、转体度数较多的空翻转体动作时,在保证充分压网与蹬伸的前提下,身体离网瞬间即可开始转体。     

蹦床“团身后空翻三周同时转体1080°”动作的生物力学分析

“团身后空翻三周同时转体1080°”动作,简称“后三周1080°团旋”(本文中简写成“3—1080°”),是目前翻转周数和转体度数最多的旋翻,且只在蹦床上完成,如蹦床世界冠军获得者法国的里奥内尔·皮奥利内1985年5月在杭州、上海表演时,成功地完成了这个高难度的动作。本文在表演现场取得该动作的电影资料,经数据处理得到各项运动学参数,据此对蹦床“3—1080°”动作的起跳、腾空     

影响我国优秀女子蹦床运动员下落阶段屈髋过早的因素分析

采用文献资料、录像解析(APAS解析软件)、数理统计、对比分析等研究方法对我国国家蹦床队黄珊汕与钟杏萍两名优秀女子蹦床运动员的展髋技术进行运动学分析,找出影响我国优秀女子蹦床运动员下落阶段屈髋过早的因素.研究结果表明:在不转体类动作和转体类动作中髋角变化幅度最大;翻转速度不够、开腿展体时间晚、专项能力不够、平时训练不严.形成错误动作定型是造成展髋技术不好的主要原因.     

我国蹦床运动员起跳网上转体研究报告

主要采用摄像法和影像解析法对我国蹦床运动员起跳网上转体问题进行研究。研究结果表明：起跳网上转体目前是我国蹦床运动员较普遍存在的技术错误之一。它不但影响腾起高度及动作姿态，还易导致身体横向水平位移。当完成翻转周数、转体度数较少的空翻转体动作时应采用非惯性转体技术；当完成翻转周数、转体度数较多的空翻转体动作时，在保证充分压网与蹬伸的前提下，身体离网瞬间即可开始转体。     

蹦床运动员叶帅难度动作的分析与训练

应用录像分析等手段,研究蹦床优秀运动员叶帅的前屈三周转体540度难度动作。结果表明:叶帅的专项综合能力已经能满足完成这一难度动作的需要。近期技术训练的突破点是:加大压网和起网力度,加快空翻和转体速度,从而提高动作质量和成功率。     

女子优秀蹦床运动员屈体前空翻两周转体540°空中动作的运动学分析

屈体前空翻两周转体540°是女子蹦床比赛中难度较高的动作,也是国内运动员在自选动作中用得最多同时失败率也是最高的动作之一.本研究对2011年蹦床世界杯无锡站进行了现场拍摄,解析了获得冠、亚、季军的运动员在比赛中完成的该动作,同时以该动作失败的运动员动作为对比,主要从空中阶段进行了分析,得到一些结论,希冀能在今后的训练与比赛中给运动员及教练员启示.     

蹦床运动

G838.146 20031457黄健、米切尔蹦床屈体前空翻两周同时转体540度部分运动学参数比较分析[刊,中,A]／任海鹰,郝庆威,杨明(沈阳体育学院)／／沈阳体育学院学报.-2002(4).-13-14(SJ)黄健／／米切尔／／蹦床／／屈体／／前空翻／／二周／／转体／／540度／／参数／／运动学／／比较／／动作／／技术／／速度     

黄健、米切尔蹦床屈体前空翻两周同时转体540度部分运动学参数比较分析

屈体前空翻两周同时转体 5 4 0度 ,是国际蹦床比赛中常被选用的、比较典型的一般难度动作。由于我国正式开展蹦床运动仅两年多 ,目前这一动作在国内尚属较高难度动作。黄健是我国比较优秀的蹦床运动员 ,把他与国际中等水平运动员法国的米切尔完成的屈体前空翻两周同时转体 5 4 0度进行运动学比较 ,从中找出其优点和不足 ,这对黄健进一步提高屈体前空翻两周同时转体 5 4 0度动作质量 ,及其他运动员学习掌握该动作都有借鉴作用。1　研究方法①资料研究法。主要研究两人该动作的录像资料及相关的其他文献资料。②录像解析法。使用三星Ｓ80录像…     

对我国高等院校体育俱乐部的研究

越来越多的高校以体育俱乐部的形式进行了教学改革,但目前对高校体育俱乐部的研究存在着概念模糊、分类不准确、定性不明确等问题,结合理论与实践对以上问题进行了分析,并提出了自己的见解。     

Changes in repeated-sprint performance in relation to change in locomotor profile in highly-trained young soccer players

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of changes in maximal aerobic (MAS) and sprinting (MSS) speeds and the anaerobic reserve (ASR) on repeated-sprint performance. Two hundred and seventy highly-trained soccer players (14.5 ± 1.6 year) completed three times per season (over 5 years) a maximal incremental running test to approach MAS, a 40-m sprint with 10-m splits to assess MSS and a repeated-sprint test (10 × 30-m sprints), where best (RSb) and mean (RSm) sprint times, and percentage of speed decrement (%Dec) were calculated. ASR was calculated as MSS-MAS. While ?RSb were related to ?MSS and ?body mass (r² = 0.42, 90%CL[0.34;0.49] for the overall multiple regression, n = 334), ?RSm was also correlated with ?MAS and ?sum of 7 skinfolds (r² = 0.43 [0.35;0.50], n = 334). There was a small and positive association between ?%Dec and ?MAS (r² = 0.02 [?0.07;0.11], n = 334). Substantial ?MSS and ?MAS had a predictive value of 70 and 55% for ?RSm, respectively. Finally, ?ASR per se was not predictive of ?RSm (Cohen’s = +0.8 to ?0.3 with increased ASR), but the greater magnitude of ?RSm improvement was observed when MSS, MAS and ASR increased together (0.8 vs. +0.4 with ASR increased vs. not, additionally to MSS and MAS). Low-cost field tests aimed at assessing maximal sprinting and aerobic speeds can be used to monitor ?RS performance.     

武汉市城镇居民体育消费现状的调查与分析

运用问卷调查和文献资料等方法,对武汉市居民体育消费水平、体育消费结构、体育消费影响因素、体育消费发展趋势等进行了分析研究。结果表明:居民对体育的功能和作用有深刻认识,但由于经济因素和传统习惯等影响,保守性消费观念仍占主导地位;体育消费的绝对水平较10年前大幅增长,但相对水平涨幅不大。     

2004年上海市竞技体育后备人才运动成绩比较分析

运用文献资料、专家访谈和数理统计研究方法,对上海市二、三线运动员2004年参加全国比赛前三名的成绩进行分析,并与部分省市二、三线运动员成绩比较。结果表明:上海市竞技体育后备人才部分项目在全国保持一定优势,但后备人才严重匮乏;未来几年比赛夺金人员缺乏;部分项目与其它省市有较大的差距;其它省市对上海优势项目构成较大威胁。     

Physiotherapy in Critical Care in Australia

A physiotherapist is part of the multidisciplinary team in most intensive care units in Australia. Physiotherapists are primary contact practitioners and use a comprehensive multisystem assessment that includes the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems to formulate individualized treatment plans. The traditional focus of treatment has been the respiratory management of both intubated and spontaneously breathing patients. However, the emerging evidence of the longstanding physical impairment suffered by survivors of intensive care has resulted in physiotherapists re-evaluating treatment priorities to include exercise rehabilitation as a part of standard clinical practice. The goals of respiratory physiotherapy management are to promote secretion clearance, maintain or recruit lung volume, optimize oxygenation, and prevent respiratory complications in both the intubated and spontaneously breathing patient. In the intubated patient, physiotherapists commonly employ manual and ventilator hyperinflation and positioning as treatment techniques whilst in the spontaneously breathing patients there is an emphasis on mobilization. Physiotherapists predominantly use functional activities for the rehabilitation of the critically ill patient in intensive care. While variability exists between states and centers, Australian physiotherapists actively treat critically ill patients targeting interventions based upon research evidence and individualized assessment. A trend toward more emphasis on exercise rehabilitation over respiratory management is evident.Key Words: physiotherapy, intensive care     

论新生活运动正当娱乐中的体育

新生活运动历时15年,涉及到了国民生活的方方面面。娱乐作为生活的重要组成部分,也受到新生活运动的影响。为了纠正社会上根深蒂固的“烟”、“赌”和“娼”等不良风气,新生活运动组织十分重视对正当娱乐的提倡,对体育尤为重视。蒋介石本人在新生活运动周年纪念大会上专门提到过体育问题。体育活动曾被作为新生活运动的年度中心工作或者工作要点来开展。虽然最后对体育的提倡没有达到十分理想的效果,但确实引导了国民的健康观念。新生活运动组织还培养了数量不多的体育人员,为近代体育的发展注入了动力。     

Changes in leg kinematics in response to unpredictability in lateral jump execution

Abstract

Lateral movements like cutting are essential in many team sport disciplines. The aim of the present study was to analyse adaptations in motor control in response to task unpredictability during lateral movement execution. Twelve subjects performed lateral jumps with different landing modalities (stable, sliding or counteracting) that were either known (predictable setting) or unknown (unpredictable setting) prior to movement execution. Results revealed that regardless of the landing modality, hip joint abduction was significantly greater in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. Furthermore, during the sliding landing modality, hip flexion decreased from 211 ± 7° to 207 ± 7° and knee flexion decreased from 26 ± 4° to 24 ± 4° at the instant of ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable condition. During the stable landing modality, the knee joint abduction increased from ?0.3 ± 6° to ?3 ± 6° after initial ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. The present results support our hypothesis that pre-programmed motor activity depends on the predictability of the landing modality during lateral movements. According to its adaptation in the frontal plane and in some extent in the sagittal plane, the hip joint seems to play the major role in the modulation of the pre-programmed activity for successful lateral jump execution in an unpredictable setting. However, these kinematic adaptations are concerning since these changes were associated with higher knee abduction during the stable landing modality and therefore with possible higher risk of injury.     

论面向21世纪高等医学院校的体育改革

面对21世纪,高等医学院校体育教育改革应给学生全方位的体育教育,尤其要结合医学专业特点,提高选择和制定运动处方及指导监督他人体育健身康复的能力。     

“体育强市”视域下上海市公共体育服务研究

公共体育服务是上海“体育强市”建设的基础支撑.“十一五”时期,上海市公共体育服务制度化建设逐渐加强,便民化设施不断增多,系列化活动初具规模,但仍面临着“制度设计”执行不力、“多元主体”供给失衡、“以需定供”尚未畅通等困境.在建设“体育强市”的过程中,应夯实公共体育服务基础,丰富公共体育服务内涵,培育公共体育服务多元主体,构建公共体育服务评价机制.