学科知识网络研究（Ⅱ）共被引网络的结构、特征与演化1）

本文研究了知识网络中的文献共被引网络,它形成着一个学科的知识基础,是学科知识输入和转移的重要知识之源。文章在总结和梳理了共被引网络的一般研究方法后,采集了1900~2012年图书馆与情报学的71350条题录数据,构建了期刊共被引知识网络与作者共被引等知识网络,并对其进行深入数据挖掘和分析,发现了经常反复被引的学科内核心期刊与作者群体,以及在学科的演化历史上连接前后时段的关键性节点期刊与作者群体。论文的最后还对文献共被引网络方法局限性方面和未来发展方面进行了讨论与总结,指出在解决现有理论难题后,共被引网络未来在各具体学科领域内的深化将是其发挥用武之地的重要发展方向。     

学科领域信息可视化分析——以纳米生物技术领域为例

以科学引文索引SCIE数据库为数据源,下载以“nanobiotechnolog*”为主题词的文献全纪录数据,利用SCIE分析功能和信息可视化方法(CiteSpace软件),对1995-2008年间纳米生物技术领域研究的文献数据进行统计和可视化分析。探索纳米生物技术发表论文的年代和地区分布情况,绘制纳米生物技术领域的合著者国家、期刊共被引、作者被共引、共词和突现词的可视化图谱,揭示对纳米生物技术领域起关键作用的国家、期刊、领军人物和研究热点前沿,目的在于挖掘学科领域科技文献的知识内涵,帮助科研用户快速发现学科领域的研究脉络全景图。     

国际数字人文研究中的跨学科知识扩散探析

数字人文作为一个新兴的跨学科研究领域,正受到许多学科的高度关注.本研究旨在探析国际数字人文研究的跨学科知识扩散趋势,以Web of Science核心数据集为数据来源,通过学科聚合性、学科多样性、学科地位三个维度的四个指标——网络中介中心势、网络密度、网络核心度、DIV指标——进行跨学科特征分析,使用国际数字人文研究中被引次数≥1的目标文献及其施引文献进行知识扩散研究,并基于桑基图进行可视化展示.研究表明:国际数字人文研究的跨学科性越来越强,艺术与人文学科、工程学等学科近年在国际数字人文研究中的地位渐趋重要,而图书情报学等初始相关学科的核心度则呈下降趋势.国际数字人文研究网络核心度的下降有利于数字人文与其他学科建立更多的联系,从而更好地吸收其他学科知识、扩大研究范围.在知识扩散过程中,计算机科学、图书情报学两个学科的知识流动较为频繁,语言学领域的论文越来越受到其他学科的广泛关注.     

信息行为领域知识基础、研究热点与前沿的可视化分析

以来自Web of Science数据库(1975～2011年)的以信息行为主题的2520条文献为数据源,借助CitespaceⅡ软件对相关被引文献和主题词等数据进行分析和处理,以知识图谱的方式对信息行为研究的知识基础、研究热点、研究前沿进行分析。发现2个明显的聚类展示出信息行为研究的2个分支领域;2个分支内的经典基础理论和模型很好地展示了信息行为领域研究的知识基础;9个高频关键词表征了信息行为的研究热点;2003年以来的7个突现词和若干个高频关键词表征了信息行为的研究前沿。     

1930-2009年英美档案学施引文献研究——基于SSCI档案学核心来源期刊

通过对SSCI档案学核心来源期刊施引文献的年代分布、地区分布、学科分布、文献类型等方面的系统地研究,发现了施引文献的一些重要特征:施引文献与被引文献波动周期存在10年的时间差;施引文献主要来自英美加等国;施引文献主要来自图书情报学和历史学;施引文献的主要类型是学术论文;自引率偏高。     

Visualization Analysis of International Articles on Patent Intelligence

本文首先对ISI Web of Science中的SCI、SSCI和CPCI-S三个引文数据库收录的国外专利情报相关研究论文数据进行时空维度的计量分析,再利用信息可视化分析软件CiteSpace绘制国家(或地区)共现、科学主题共现、文献共被引和共词网络知识图谱.从国外专利情报领域的科研合作、学科分布、知识基础、研究热点与前沿领域等进行分析,进而探索国外专利情报领域研究的演进规律、特点及发展趋势,为国内专利情报领域的科研规划与管理提供必要的参考.     

基于科学知识图谱的我国知识管理研究范式分析

由论文关键词的共现关系构成的共词网络是一类代表科学认知结构的科学知识图谱.本文以中国引文数据库中被引频次至少超过一次的有关知识管理研究方面的文献为载体,在提炼出我国知识管理研究领域125个高频关键词的基础上,以共词分析、社会网络分析和绘制科学知识图谱的方法为理论指导,以MDS(多维尺度分析)和K-core(K核分析)作为分析方法,以UCINET和Netdraw为软件工具,构建了我国知识管理研究领域的共词网络,分析了我国知识管理研究的范式结构,揭示出我国知识管理领域的三大研究取向和主流研究领域的两大范式结构,离析出我国知识管理前沿研究中较有影响的热点领域.     

基于共被引网络群体中心度的我国人文社会科学领域知识扩散网络研究

研究我国人文社会科学各学科间知识扩散网络和路径,可以为开展跨学科研究和促进学科之间的交叉融合发展提供参考。采用群体中心度指标,基于文献的引证关系和共被引网络对不同学科的网络位置进行了测度,探析了以共被引网络群体中心度为测量指标的我国人文社会科学领域知识交叉与知识扩散状况。结果表明经济学、政治学、法学等学科作为我国人文社会科学领域的重点研究领域,在整个科学知识网络中扮演着重要的角色,其研究内容本身具有较强的学科交叉性,且对各学科都有较强的辐射作用。此外,马克思主义学科对经济学、心理学对教育学和体育学、哲学对政治学、环境科学对人文地理学等也有较强的知识扩散能力。     

图像检索研究的知识图谱分析

以Web of ScienceTM核心合集数据库收录的关于图像检索领域研究近十年的论著为基础数据.利用Citespace和Spss软件,对所采集的数据进行共引分析和聚类分析,绘制出图像检索领域的著作机构图谱、文献共被引网络图谱,展示了该领域的研究力量分布,确定了该领域的代表人物、代表作品;同时利用软件提供的词频探测技术绘制出图像检索领域的研究热点知识图谱以及研究前沿与发展知识图谱,揭示了该领域近十年的研究热点、研究前沿及其发展趋势.     

数字人文研究领域的知识图谱构建与分析——基于WoS文献关键词和引文上下文的实证

[目的/意义]引文是施引文献与被引成果的纽带，反映了后继者的借鉴和肯定。本研究在传统题录关键词网络的基础上，创新地将引文上下文关键词作为研究材料，所构建知识图谱不仅能揭示文献主题的深层次信息，也能够反映受众主观筛选和利用文献的知识过程。[方法/过程]选取数字人文为研究领域，获取3个文献集和两个引文文本集，构建两个无向的关键词共现网络和两个有向的基于文献引证的关键词网络。通过共现网络，观察数字人文领域知识的吸收与扩散；通过引证关键词网络，观察数字人文的形成与转化。[结果/结论]研究揭示数字人文的研究重点、核心领域与核心技术，从受众的角度为数字人文领域未来研究提供借鉴和参考。     

Periodicals of Ethnic Minorities in Poland

ABSTRACT

The article examines the most important periodicals of ethnic minorities in Poland. After 1989, many ethnic groups (e.g., Germans and Romanies) were allowed to publish journals and newspapers for the first time since the end of World War II. The publications examined show the rich cultural life of the various ethnic groups as well as their current status in Poland. In addition to popular titles, some scholarly publications are also discussed.     

Politicking for the Public Library

ABSTRACT

In today's current political environment raising support for millage renewals, bond campaigns or even millage continuations for public libraries is affected by national politics, and a tendency towards tax aversion on principle across the country. The lessons we can learn from the governing boards of small and rural public libraries are worth raising up to a greater national consciousness. Board governance, community consciousness, and facilities management are clear and logical tools that elected boards of public libraries can use to politick for support of libraries.     

Reference Question Answered: Bibliographic Sources for the Ukrainian Periodical Press in the 1840s: Encyclopedias,Bibliographies, Guides,and Library Catalogs

The author answers a reference question on bibliographic sources for the Ukrainian periodical press 1840–1850. Helpful publications include bibliographies, guides, and library catalogs. These potentially make mention of revolutionary developments in Hungary (such as the Twelve Points paragraph of the Demands of the Hungarian Nation in March 1848, the subsequent April Laws, and Hungary's declaration of independence in April 1949), and elsewhere in the Hapsburg Empire.     

Architectures of Knowledge and Literary Tradition: A History of the Almanac in Croatia

ABSTRACT

The history of the almanac in Croatia is reconstructed through primary research in bibliographic and archival sources. The almanac is a vehicle for knowledge communication in informal contexts, engaging both oral tradition and literary forms traceable to medieval literacy and ways of structuring knowledge. The history of the almanac in Croatia reflects the changing context of the book trade, literacy, and the evolution of language. Four main stages are identified: (1) the beginning of the annual almanac in the seventeenth century; astrological almanacs reflecting the sensibility of the Baroque period; (2) the Enlightenment's stimulation of almanac publishing in the spirit of contemporary secular reforms in agriculture and education; (3) nineteenth-and twentieth-century almanac trade, showing complex and overlapping networks for the production, distribution and appropriation of printed almanacs;(4) roughly the end of World War II, when the almanac slowly moved out of the role of a popular mass medium and into specialized niches represented by regional, diaspora, and religious almanacs.     

How Digital Content Resellers are Impacting Trade Book Publishing

Some key questions for publishers in today’s market are: Could Amazon’s recent merger and acquisitions strategy create a disruptive or paradigm shifting business model in the publishing industry? Do their recent actions post mergers and acquisitions illustrate a predicable pattern of behaviour that publishers can strategize around? This paper will explore these questions and look at some of the possible reasons behind Amazon’s business practices and the possible consequences to publishers.     

Germany's New Culture of Welcome—Our Libraries are an Essential Part of it

ABSTRACT

German authorities are expecting more than 1 million refugees by the end of 2015. These people come to Germany to seek protection and assistance and to build a new life, therefore it is important to welcome them and to assist them in their integration as soon as possible. This situation creates a versatile and perfectly fitting opportunity for cultural and educational programs, including libraries, which can play a vital role in this integration process. The key to integration is the knowledge of the German language, and the most important challenge now is to teach the necessary language skills to as many asylum-seekers as possible.     

Syndicating Rich Bibliographic Metadata Using MODS and RSS

Abstract

Many libraries use RSS to syndicate information about their collections to users. A survey of 65 academic libraries revealed their most common use for RSS is to disseminate information about library holdings, such as lists of new acquisitions. Even though typical RSS feeds are ill suited to the task of carrying rich bibliographic metadata, great potential exists for developing applications that can exploit metadata exposed to Web services via RSS. Using the MODS metadata format, entire catalog records can be seamlessly embedded in RSS 2.0 feeds. Existing tools, such as Library of Congress Java toolkits and XSLT stylesheets, can facilitate this process, while a new XSLT stylesheet may be used to create the RSS feeds complete with MODS records. As an example of the added functionality these MODS/RSS feeds can offer, records from a MODS-enriched RSS feed can be ingested into a non-RSS application such as Zotero. As more emerging library technologies use Web services architectures to handle data objects, the ability to syndicate catalog records will become more critical to providing innovative library Web services.     

Selling Women on PDAs from “Simply Palm” to “Audrey”: How Moore's Law Met Parkinson's Law in the Kitchen

This essay investigates key moments in the history of personal digital assistant (PDA) marketing to women. Analyzing promotional texts for three PDAs that received considerable press coverage from 1999 to 2001, this essay explores the cultural significance of the convergence of anxieties about women's place in the gendered division of labor with the computer industry's changing marketing imperatives. Drawing on an array of promotional texts, including news articles, press releases, promotional Web sites, and ads appearing in newspapers and magazines, this paper tells the story of how the computer industry aimed to sell smaller, faster computing devices to women while promising to mediate and thus reproduce women's overwork as paid and familial laborers. After experimenting with the PDA as a sexy fashionable gadget for working women, marketers approached women as mothers with “Audrey,” an Internet appliance designed for the kitchen.     

Communicating With Bank Stakeholders During Recession: Why It's Important,Who Is Doing It,and How to Stay in the Loop

This study explores the attitudes and actions of bank managers toward communication spending during recession. Results of this study indicate that organizational leaders cut communication spending early during recession and also erroneously rely on the bank's financials to mitigate irrational customer withdrawals. This research is used to illustrate the need for public librarians to meet the needs of bank stakeholders when their institution ceases to communicate during crises, for academic librarians to educate students in undergraduate and graduate programs regarding heightened information needs during recession, and for corporate librarians to understand a potential avenue for competitive advantage during recession.     

基于共链网络分析的国内电子商务网站竞争力探析

指出共链分析已在商务网站评价、竞争情报分析、商业信息挖掘等领域有广泛应用。综合运用共链分析与社会网络分析的方法,对国内市场份额排名前50位的电子商务网站的企业竞争态势与竞争关系及地位进行综合分析,并对企业间潜在竞争关系挖掘进行初步探索,以期能对竞争情报方法论研究和国内电子商务市场的发展提供一定的启示和参考。研究发现,共链网络中节点的程度中心性与企业实际的市场份额之间存在显著的相关关系,且竞争关系多存在于不同组织下业务类型相似的企业实体,而有些互补服务的企业之间则是合作关系的存在,这一发现或许能为未来电子商务市场发展战略规划与制定提供一定的指导和帮助。