国外典型教师教育实习模式及对师专升本院校的启示

师专升本院校普遍存在着教师教育实习内容与方式单一化、时间仓促化、评价形式化等问题,严重影响了实践教学的质量.美国PDS模式,德国的资格证书模式以及澳大利亚的实践课程模式在大学与中小学合作、实习的时间安排以及实习评价工作等方面为我们提供了有益参考和改革思路.     

高等师范院校师范生 教育实习评价的问题与策略

教育实习评价体系的建立对于审视我国教师教育实践课程评价的改革和发展问题具有 重要意义。当前高师院校教育实习评价面临的主要问题包括评价目标模糊、评价内容缺乏实践感、 评价标准不具体、评价过程缺少客观性、评价结果信度低、评价方案设计缺乏经验总结和理论指导 等。对此,可采取明晰教育评价实习的目标、发展师范生在教育实习评价中的主体意识和能力、建立 证据取向的应对策略评价设计思路、大学与中小学结为评价实践共同体、加大教育实习评价管理的 研究力度等措施。     

关于高等院校师范生教育实习改革的探讨

当前,高师院校在教育实习实践培养模式上存在课程设置和教学方法不合理、实习时间短、实习条件差、实习形式单一等弊端,加之教师专业的特殊性和高等教育发展的必然性,决定了实习实践教学改革势在必行.实习实践教学必须从加强课程建设、延长教育实习时间、改善教育实习务件、改革教育实习形式等方面进行改革.     

地方高校教师教育专业实践教学的定量分析与建议

基于提升卓越教师实践能力现实背景,针对教师教育实践教学弱化现实舆论,选取四所地方本科院校13个教师教育专业,从课程实践教学与教育实习二个维度进行调查,结果显示:课程实践教学形式较为单一,教育实习时间严重偏少,教育实习满意度较低.需要从转变实践教学观念、完善实践教学体系、丰富课程实践教学形式、健全运行机制、加强第三方评估等方面入手,提升教师教育专业实践能力.     

特殊教育师范生教育实践能力的培养——以《个别化教育的理论与实践》课程为例

《个别化教育的理论与实践》是一门有利于培养特殊教育师范生教育实践能力的课程。针对本门课程的特点,教师通过创设实践情境为教学基础、以分组讨论为主要推进形式、以重视反思为保障,形成发展学生教育实践能力的培养模式。但同时也带来了课堂外实践不足、小组成员合作难以保障、学生参与评价的积极性不高等问题,因此今后的教学中应依托学校改革教育实习机制,教师变革对学生的评价机制,通过文字评价培养学生的实践反思能力。     

英语教师教育专业毕业生教学现状及改革思考

"基础教育英语教师培养规格与培养模式研究"项目课题组对河南省5县市18所中小学问卷调查显示:近年来英语教师教育专业大学毕业生的教学情况与社会需求、学生要求、老教师的认可,还有不小的差距,据此,建议高校英语教师教育专业,要进一步地建立科学的课程设置体系,加强实践教学环节,丰富教学实践内容;教育实习要有科学的监控评价体系,要阶段性实习与连续集中性实习相结合,力戒教育实习形式化。     

论基于标准的教育实践课程改革

《教师教育课程标准》确立了实践取向基本理念,作为实践教学核心内容的教育实习课程理应得到科学设置和强化管理。但从现实情况看,教育实践课程建设严重滞后于教师教育课程改革。要使教育实习课程充分发挥自身价值,真正成为教师培养中最有力的教学环节,必须在课程目标、课程内容、课程实施、课程评价诸方面进行有效重建,使之成为名副其实的教师教育核心课程。     

美国教师教育实践课程设置的特点及启示

美国教师教育实践课程中教育实习时间长、课时安排充足,安排实习的时段合理,参与者包括实习生、大学指导教师、课程指导教师和实习单位成立的专门小组与指导教师等。我国教师教育实践课程设置存在的实践课程课时少、时间短,实践课程安排时段不合理等问题。积极借鉴美国教师教育实践课程设置的成功经验,启示我国应该进一步增加教育见习与教育实习课时量,教育实践方式要多样化,加强大学与中小学校对于教育实习的密切合作与沟通。     

职前英语教师教育:问题与对策——以全日制英语学科教育硕士为例

对全日制英语学科教育硕士在课程设置、授课方式和实习状况的调查,发现在职前英语教师教育中存在课程设置与学习需求脱钩、教学方法单一、教育实习缺乏规划和监管等问题。结合社会文化理论,提出了几点对策:一是要根据外语学习的特点,开设学生需要的课程;二是选择丰富多样的教学方法,培养学生的实践教学能力;三是建立多种实习渠道,克服教学理论与实践"两张皮"的现象。     

小学教育专业特征及其对教育实习的思考

小学教育专业教育实习沿袭其他师范院校的实习模式,没有太大的创新与突破,必然带有不足,随着教师专业化对教师提出的耨要求,结合小学教育专业特点,我们应该在实习组织与管理、实习基地建设、专业指导教师的审核、实习效果的评价等方面提出新的思考,以期为找到一条符合小学教育专业的教育教学实践能力培养的新途径。     

An evaluation study on the educational value of teaching practicum in secondary schools

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the educational value of teaching practicum in secondary schools. For this purpose, on the basis of literature review and interviews, three evaluation criteria for measuring educational value of teaching practicum are constructed as follows: (1) practical teaching competence, (2) readiness for teacher, and (3) maturity in character. A total of 29 pre-service teachers in the College of Education at Seoul National University in South Korea participated voluntarily in this study, and their practical teaching competence, readiness for teacher, and maturity in character were measured twice before and after teaching practicum. As a result, the teaching practicum had significantly improved pre-service teachers’ practical teaching competence, readiness for teacher, and maturity in character. In other words, teaching practicum increases the educational value. This study provides a conceptual framework and three instruments for measuring the educational value of many other teaching practicums. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 8th International Conference on Education Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, October 23–25, 2007.     

教师专业化进程中的高师院校实践性教学

实践智慧作为教师专业化的本质规定决定着教师教育过程的实践性特点。借鉴西方教师教育"在实践中"、"指向实践"、"为了实践"的基本教育教学模式,应不断完善我国教师教育机制,在实践性教学计划、实践性课程设置、实践性教学组织形式、教学实践基地建设、指导教师队伍建设等方面实现积极的变革。     

关于在技工院校设立汽车装配专业问题的研究

介绍了我国汽车工业发展对汽车装配工需求的发展变化,阐释了当前技工院校汽车专业存在的问题以及在技工院校设立汽车装配专业的必要性,论述了技工院校汽车装配专业的课程结构及课程体系的开发方法以及"双师"型教师队伍建设、一体化教学、实习教学和教学质量保障体系的建设等问题。     

When rural meets urban: the transfer problem Chinese pre-service teachers face in teaching practice

Traditional teacher education’s supposed failure to prepare prospective teachers for classroom realities (the transfer problem) is a widely discussed topic in the teacher education literature. Previous studies have focused on causal relationships between teaching and such factors as pre-service teacher education programmes, contextual factors in the practicum school, and transition shock; however, most of these studies have been set in developed countries, and have paid little attention to the interactions among such factors. This study, involving 35 East China Normal University pre-service teachers, explores the transfer problem in a rural/urban divide context, discusses the possible impacts of pre-service teachers’ previous educational experience (i.e. before teacher education) on their teaching, and examines the interactions among teachers’ previous education experience, teacher education, and practicum schools.     

Exploring the Radical Middle between Theory and Practice: A collaborative self-study of beginning teacher educators

This article is a collaborative self-study of our development as beginning teacher educators over the course of an academic year. A focus of our self-study was our shared interest in the role of theory and of practice in teacher education programs. Theodore taught a philosophy of education course and Shawn taught a practicum supervision course. Both authors share autobiographical excerpts of their teaching contexts and the problems of practice that they encountered. Our analysis suggests that the dichotomy between theory and practice is unhelpful and unproductive for both teacher candidates and teacher educators. Theory and practice are densely interwoven aspects of teaching that can be tacitly separated by coursework in teacher education. We advocate a pedagogy of teacher education that explores the radical middle between theory and practice.     

The teaching practicum as a locus of multi-leveled,school-based transformation

The teaching practicum is often considered as a compulsory activity for enculturating new members into the teacher community by providing opportunities to experience teaching in action. However, the practicum is rarely conceptualized in terms of its transformative potential. In this study, we report the results of a two-year ethnography study of a teaching practicum in Brazil based on the {coteaching | cogenerative dialoguing} model. Our study shows that the practicum does not have to be a mere induction experience, but that it also may be the transformative locus for (a) the practicum participants (new teachers, school teachers, teacher educator, and students) and (b) school and university/school relationships, and (c) of the practicum activity itself. The results show the potential of the practicum to transform individual and collective agency. Implications are discussed for reorganizing the teaching practicum.     

Early Practicum Experiences: Preservice Early Childhood Students’ Perceptions and Sense of Efficacy

The current study explored early practicum experiences (those occurring before student teaching) in an early childhood birth to kindergarten teacher education program. Undergraduates enrolled in practicum courses completed questionnaires about their overall practicum experience including: socio-emotional components (their perceived fit with their cooperating teacher and intrapersonal feelings while in the classroom), overall practicum satisfaction, and their sense of teacher efficacy. Results revealed that practicum students generally reported feelings of being energized and relaxed, though some practicum students reported feelings of frustration in their practicum classrooms. Feeling energized and relaxed and students’ perception of fit with their cooperating teacher were positively associated with practicum satisfaction and practicum students’ teacher efficacy. Feelings of frustration were negatively associated with students’ fit with their cooperating teacher, practicum satisfaction, and students’ teacher efficacy. Higher levels of practicum satisfaction predicted higher practicum students’ teacher efficacy. Findings highlight the importance of understanding early practicum experiences and what factors of the practicum experience contribute teacher efficacy. Implications for future research and practice for early childhood teacher preparation programs are discussed.     

Trainee teachers’ experiences of teaching practicum: Issues,challenges, and new possibilities

Abstract

This paper focuses on a qualitative case study concerned with teaching practicum as a pivotal component of teacher education in Malawi. It addresses some of the issues and concerns associated with workload, ill-defined mentoring support, and implementation of certain pedagogical orientations during teaching practicum placement. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that trainee teachers undergo varied and often challenging experiences during teaching practicum. To counter some of the concerns, suggestions are made to improve certain aspects of teaching practicum. There is need for authentic school – college partnerships, improved structures of school-based professional support, and a deeper awareness of the complexity of learner-centred pedagogy. It is imperative that teacher educators engage with these findings to further improve the design of teaching practicum and the overall quality of teacher education and teaching in Malawi.     

Dialogue and reciprocity in an international teaching practicum

Many teacher education institutions across the world are now initiating and supporting international teaching practicums to better prepare their teaching graduates to teach for diversity. Recently, some of these practicums have embedded service-learning structures and discourses to further encourage pre-service teachers (PSTs) to think beyond their self-interests towards larger ethical and educational questions. This paper employs narrative-based inquiry methods to explore the lived experiences of three co-leaders of an international teaching practicum in South Africa for Australian PSTs underpinned by dialogic service-learning principles. Using Bakhtinian dialogic theory, the authors generate alternative interpretations of reflective narratives they have written, in order to examine the concepts of dialogue and reciprocity in their lived experience of this teaching practicum. The authors conclude that reciprocity and dialogue are indeed valuable discourses for critically researching international teaching practicums with service-learning dimensions, but counsel against romanticising either of these.     

数学知识的两种形态与数学教学

教学实践表明，数字知识有学术形态和教育形态2种，它们之间的差异表现在：过程的有无不同，表述的顺序不同，语言的详略不同，确定性与非确定性的不同等。在数学教学中，教师必须吃透教材，深知2种形态的差异，并把数学知识的学术形态向教育形态转化，这一转化大致要经过教学设计和课堂教学实施2个阶段。