残疾人体育可持续发展研究

残疾人体育事业的发展得到了社会的广泛关注.本文指出了残疾人体育活动的问题,并提出了残疾人体育可持续发展的伦理基础和社会公共服务支撑.通过残疾人自身的体育活动,使残疾人得到了社会的认同,充分实现了残疾人个体的价值,提高了残疾人群体的社会地位.残疾人的体育活动成为日常生活不可组成部分,残疾人体育事业在社会积极参与支持下获得可持续地发展.     

人文视野下残疾人体育的定位与发展途径研究

采用文献资料法、访谈法、逻辑分析法等,探讨了残疾人体育目前的状况、地位和发展途径.研究认为,保障残疾人体育权利的法律法规体系有待提高,资金投入不足、缺乏硬件设施,重残疾人竞技体育、轻群众体育和特殊体育教育是当前残疾人体育发展的瓶颈,建议从人文视野下,关注残疾人的体育生活,实现对残疾人人本位的一种回归,体现以人为本的精神.     

论残疾学生体育教育的意义和作用

文章运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法,剖析了残疾学生开展体育教育对于构建和谐社会的重要意义,旨在推动残疾人体育教育的发展、增进残疾学生的身心健康、唤起更多人对残疾人体育教育事业的关注.     

特殊教育学校体育教学中人文关怀的缺失及对策研究

人文关怀的核心是尊重人、关怀人、强调人的价值,主张以人为本,残疾学生作为一种有着特殊需要的群体更应在体育教学中体现出人文关怀。残疾人体育教学体现以"人为本的"的人文关怀理念,有助于残疾学生补偿生理、心理缺陷,提高社会适应能力,有助于残疾人回归生活、融入生活、适应现实生活,实现残疾人的自我完善和超越。目前我国残疾人体育教育教学中存在着不同程度的人文关怀缺失问题,而这些缺失无形当中影响了残疾人体育教育的发展。     

浅析体育教育对特教学生身心发展的作用

改革开放以来,我国残疾人体育工作不断发展,残疾人群众体育活动日趋活跃。2007年、2008年我国分别成功举办上海世界特奥运动会、北京残奥会,2009年参加第21届听障奥运会,都充分展现出了我国残疾人体育工作取得的辉煌成就,为促进国际残疾人体育事业发展作出了积极贡献。因此,对特教学生进行体育教育。将具有非常深刻的理论和现实意义。     

论残疾人体育教育公平的作用

残疾人体育教育公平是教育公平的重要内容之一,通过残疾人体育教育公平作用的论述,更加深入地认识在学校体育工作中做好残疾人体育教育的重要性。本文从改善残疾人生存状况、促进和谐社会构建、推进残疾人体育事业的发展等三方面论析残疾人体育教育公平的作用。     

基于供给侧结构性改革下政府购买公共体育服务缺位与补位研究——以残疾人为例

残疾人群众性公共体育服务建设在某种程度上反映了我国公共体育服务体系构建的盲区,运用文献资料法、访谈法等对公共体育服务体系建设进行研究.研究认为目前残疾人公共体育服务主要存在供需矛盾不平衡,政府职能服务、体育法律法规的落实监管和体育设施配置等缺位.通过加强落实残疾人公共体育服务的政府职能、进一步加大残疾人公共体育服务制度的制定监管、丰富完善残疾人体育组织体系规范化建设,同时建立多元化的资金流通机制,丰富居民基础体育设施的配备,建立残疾人体育需求表达渠道,并规划引导群体活动的开展等措施推进残疾人体育运动的发展.     

残疾人体育服务管理的社会支持——基于安徽省残疾人体育调查

运用问卷调查、文献资料、数理统计和对比分析等研究方法,对安徽省残疾人体育参与和服务管理现状进行实证分析.研究表明:一方面,交往心理障碍、维权意识淡薄、受教育程度低等是残疾人不愿走出家门,通过体育与人交往、融入社会的主要影响因素;另一方面,公共体育资源配设不均、制度性服务管理机制落后、社会支持培育政策缺乏,以及政府职能机构服务供给能力和效率低下是造成残疾人体育公共服务管理滞后的社会因素.残疾人体育发展是改善民生和迈向体育强国的重要环节.为此提出以下建议:要以政府为责任主体,加强和创新社会管理;建立完善社会健康发展的支持培育政策;健全残疾人体育公共财政投入制度;构建制度化的残疾人体育参与的社会支持体系,拓展社会支持的参与空间.     

论残疾人体育运动的意义

在我国进入全面建设小康社会，加快推进社会主义现代化的新的发展阶段，研究残疾人体育将具有更重要的意义。体育运动能促进身体健康，增强生活自理能力，保持良好工作状态，寻找乐趣，使个体正常化，增强自我观念。体育运动增强了残疾人的生命力。     

河南省残疾人社区体育治理体系构建研究

推进和完善河南省残疾人社区体育治理是促进残疾人群开展体育活动、推进体育服务均等化规划的重要手段.通过对社区体育治理理论基础进行探析，了解残疾人社区体育治理的研究价值.调研发现，河南省残疾人社区体育治理存在残疾人社区体育服务资源匮乏、治理主体运行机制不畅、残疾人健身理念落后、残疾人社会体育指导员基数少且管理体制松散等现实困境.为此，要明确河南省残疾人社区体育治理政策导向，建立法制保障和资源调配机制，建设多类型服务体系，完善治理绩效评价指标体系.     

我国残疾人职业教育立法的缺陷与构建

残疾人职业教育的发展离不开法治的支撑和保障,但学界对残疾人职业教育立法研究关注不够。在建设和谐社会、促进教育公平的时代背景下,探究残疾人职业教育立法更具现实意义。本文从残疾人生存困境与职业教育现状出发,在深入分析我国目前残疾人职业教育立法缺陷和不足的基础上,从宏观和微观两个层面,提出职业教育立法要遵循的若干原则和具体制度的构建,以规范和保障残疾人职业教育在法治化轨道下健康发展。     

Changes and challenges in the transition to adulthood: views and experiences of young people with learning disabilities and their families

The transition to adulthood poses one of the most complex challenges for young people with intellectual disabilities. In order to conduct a wide-reaching and in-depth study of this process, we need to know the views of these young people themselves and their families. This article presents research designed to collect the experiences and perceptions of young people with disabilities and their families regarding perceived problems and support in their transition to adulthood in Spain. A qualitative case study method was used to achieve this. Data were collected in three stages on the following topics: educational pathway (primary and secondary school), social support networks and free time, and construction of a personal plan for the future (labour market inclusion and independent living). Various different instruments were used, including interviews, focus groups and visual methods. As for the results, the young people who participated in the study experienced difficulties with both successfully completing secondary education and continuing their education. The families in our study were not very satisfied with the guidance received from professionals upon finishing secondary school. They also complained about the lack of training options available to young people with disabilities. The participants expressed certain fears regarding social inclusion and labour market integration. They are aware that they will need help, and have doubts about whether they will receive the necessary support to progress with their plans for labour market integration and independent living. As a result of the study, we propose several recommendations to improve opportunities for the social inclusion of young people with disabilities in their transition to adulthood.     

Listening to Young People with Physical Disabilities' Experiences of Education

There is a general acceptance that inclusion is morally and ethically the most appropriate form of education. However, more research needs to focus on how best to accommodate and support the educational needs of all students, including those with physical disabilities. Listening to young people with physical disabilities talk about their educational experiences is one way to do this. The aim of this research was to investigate the life stories of a small number of young people with physical disabilities, in particular focusing on their educational experiences. Nine young people, between the ages of 10 and 13 years, who used a manual or powered wheelchair and had the cognitive ability to participate in a series of biographical interviews, were recruited. They collaborated in the writing of their life stories. One theme identified in the analysis of these life stories was their educational experiences. The results highlight that the participants held mixed views about their education. The four who attended a segregated special school were generally positive about their experiences. Participants who had attended a mainstream school talked about positive and negative experiences. Individual and differing perspectives on friendships and the ethos of their school were noted. It is suggested that young people with physical disabilities need to be considered as individuals and that if schools are to achieve the goal of inclusion they need to develop ways to accommodate each individual's needs.     

Integrating Disability: Boomerang Effects when using Positive Media Exemplars to Reduce Disability Prejudice

Individuals with disabilities comprise the largest minority group in the world, yet they are the most underrepresented minority group in higher education, the job market and entertainment media such as literature. This population is often underrepresented because of the overlapping physical, attitudinal and policy barriers that prevent them from participating fully in society. Despite their large numbers, individuals with disabilities not only encounter personalised prejudice, but also experience institutionalised prejudice. In an effort to reduce negative attitudes toward individuals with disabilities, this study examined the effects of positive disability exemplars on people’s attitudes. A comparison between implicit and explicit measures of prejudice found that implicit bias of able-bodied students was more entrenched than explicit biases.     

道德生活的意义性和有意义的道德教育

道德教育所要回归的生活世界是充满意义的世界。行走在意义世界中的人是道德生活的主体,并在道德生活的实践中追求超越。正是基于道德生活本身的意义性,道德教育有意义既具有个人价值又具有社会价值。有意义的道德教育是内在于生活的道德教育,以生活这本大书为教材,利用丰富的生活资源,创设生动的生活情境,为了生活而教育,使道德融合于生活,从而实现过一种有道德的好生活。     

Investigation and comparison of Turkish and American preschool teacher candidates’ attitudes towards inclusion of young children with disabilities

Inclusion of young children with disabilities into general education classrooms is a common practice that has been implemented for many years in developed countries around the world and many developing countries have been creating and implementing laws and regulations to support inclusive education in early years. Although extant literature includes a commonly agreed definition for inclusion, the implementation of inclusive practices varies across countries. A critical factor for successful implementation of inclusive practices is teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion of children with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to compare Turkish and American pre-service preschool teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion of young children with disabilities and their willingness to work with children with severe behavioural, physical, and cognitive disabilities. A total of 123 pre-service teachers participated in the study. The results showed that pre-service teachers across two countries had similar attitudes towards inclusion and their attitudes were positive. Additionally, both groups of pre-service teachers reported more favourable attitudes towards working with children with severe physical disabilities than those who have severe cognitive and behavioural disabilities. Implications for future research and practices are discussed.     

Pedagogical Practices and Support Systems of Inclusion: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Societies

China has a massive population of children with disabilities. To address the special needs of these children, special/inclusive education in China has developed dramatically since the early 1980s onwards. This Special Issue puts together seven empirical studies emerging from the Chinese societies. These studies analyse inclusive discourses embedded in the education policy documents; scrutinise professional competence of inclusive education teachers; evaluate inclusive education practices in physical education, mathematics education, and job-related social skills education provided to students with disabilities; debate the required in-class support for inclusive education teachers; and discuss the social attitudes towards people with disabilities. The foci, methods and theories vary across the seven studies, while their aims converge. These studies are seeking best possible approaches and best available resources that facilitate inclusion. Knowledge built and lessons learned from these studies will provide implications for future inclusive education practices in China and beyond.     

Including young people with disabilities: Assessment challenges in higher education

Within a European context, facilitating the increased participation of marginalized groups within society has become a cornerstone of social policy. In higher education in Ireland this has generally involved the targeting for support of individuals representing groups traditionally excluded on the grounds of socio-economic status. More recently, people with disability have been included in this consideration. This approach has tended to focus on physical access issues and some technical supports. However, access is multi-faceted and must include a review of pedagogic practices, assistive provision (technological and personal), student’s engagement with their workload (e.g. recording) and evaluation procedures: achieving accreditation levels commensurate with ability. This small-scale Irish study examined the experiences of two groups of young people with physical disabilities and with dyslexia in two higher education institutions. It was apparent that for students with physical disabilities and with dyslexia, assessment practices were fraught with additional limitations. Assessment practices were mediated for these students through the physical environment, the backwash effect of assessment on curriculum, the availability and use of assistive technology, and through the attitudes of staff and students. It can be concluded that access issues within higher education have been inadequately conceptualized and as a result failed to address fundamental issues around assessment for students with physical disabilities and with dyslexia.     

The impact of education in shaping lives: reflections of young people with disabilities in Ghana

There is increasing recognition of the importance of focusing on people with disabilities (PWDs) in international efforts aimed at poverty alleviation. While universal education has been central to these efforts, the specific and additional needs of children with disabilities are often overlooked in policies and programmes. In order to gain a nuanced appreciation of the lives of young PWDs in a Ghanaian context, this paper draws on research conducted with young PWDs and their significant others in order to understand their educational journeys, employment prospects and perceptions towards disability of those around them. In addition to collecting primary data, the latest policy documents related to disability, education and employment are reviewed and statistical analysis is undertaken based on the Housing and Population Census 2010. Our research highlights the barriers facing those with disability in accessing quality education. While education was recognised as paramount to leading a better life and participants noted benefits beyond employment such as gaining self-sufficiency and social benefits, unequal educational opportunities underpin some of the reasons for the widening of gaps between those with disabilities and their non-disabled counterparts. Furthermore, while education was perceived as important for gaining employment, this was not the case in reality, as young people faced difficulties due to both physical and attitudinal barriers limiting their opportunities for economic and social participation. The paper concludes by noting that systematic changes in the policy arena are needed to enable youth with disabilities to take their rightful place in mainstream society.     

关于社区教育在特殊教育中作用的思考

社区教育是为满足社区全体成员身心发展而施加影响的活动与过程。作为社区成员之一的残疾人也平等地享有社区教育的权利。本文首先从理论上探讨社区教育推动特殊教育发展的依据 ,再看实践中社区教育为残疾人提供支持与帮助。虽然理论与实践说明社区教育推动特殊教育发展的可行性 ,但操作中出现的问题却不能忽视。文章最后就如何应对这些问题与困难做了一些思考。