基于知识发布的网络社区用户行为规律研究--以Keep健康社区为例

[目的/意义]深化与丰富网络社区用户知识发布与交流机制相关的理论研究,旨在为网络社区知识服务的前沿发展注入新活力。[方法/过程]以前沿理论研究为基础,从社区用户主体因素和网络社区客体因素两个维度中提取五个要素,构建网络社区用户知识发布行为影响因素模型。借助SPSS软件对所获取到的Keep用户数据进行分析。[结果/结论]偏好运动强度越大、社会交互越多、社会影响力越大、锻炼经验更为丰富的Keep社区用户,其知识发布行为倾向更强烈。     

在线品牌社区信息生态系统演进机理研究

[目的/意义]本文通过构建在线品牌社区信息生态系统演进模型,对在线品牌社区的信息生态系统构成要素及其内部反馈机制进行深入分析,探讨在线品牌社区的信息主体规模和信息环境与知识增量间的作用机理,揭示在线品牌社区信息生态系统演进的一般规律。[方法/过程]以信息生态学为视角对在线品牌社区信息生态系统的概念、构成要素进行分析,运用系统动力学方法构建在线品牌社区信息生态系统演进模型,通过仿真方法对系统演进机理进行分析。[结果/结论]从系统仿真分析结果来看,模型内部各水平变量在演进过程中的变化趋势较好的拟合了先前学者们的研究结论与理论观点,从而证明了模型构建的合理性与适用性。     

数字图书馆情境下科研用户知识采纳行为影响因素实证研究

[目的/意义]探索科研用户在数字图书馆情境下知识采纳行为影响因素,对于提升我国科研管理水平,提高知识管理效率,促进科研创新能力具有重要的意义。[方法/过程]基于“共享杯”大学生科技资源共享服务创新大赛用户的调查数据,借助二元Probit模型,通过设定假设变量并进行显著性检验的方式进行实证研究。从个体特征、组织特征、环境特征和要素特征四个方面分析团体科研用户和单体科研用户在科研过程中知识采纳行为的影响因素,并分析两类用户采纳行为影响因素的内在异同。[结果/结论]两类科研用户知识采纳行为都受到个体受教育程度、科研活动的研究范围、组织的研究预期以及技术环境的显著影响。基于加强科研创新角度提出提高科研人员受教育程度,加强数字图书馆建设,保障科研团队人员的流动与更新等建议。     

开放政府数据用户参与过程重构——情境、鸿沟与使用

[目的/意义]开放政府数据(Open Government Data, OGD)用户参与过程中情境、鸿沟及解决方案的研究，对于促进用户参与、释放OGD价值具有重要意义。[方法/过程]从用户认知视角出发，基于意义建构理论，构建“情境—鸿沟—使用”分析框架，将OGD用户参与过程划分为5个阶段情境，利用微刻时序访谈法重构OGD用户参与过程，发现各阶段情境下的鸿沟，分析其跨越鸿沟的途径和方法。[结果/结论]OGD用户参与过程各阶段情境下均存在不同的鸿沟，针对参与环境、平台建设和数据质量等方面的问题和障碍，从营造参与环境和优化参与基础两方面提出具体建议。     

商务网络信息生态链价值协同创造的关键影响因素识别研究

[目的/意义]通过对商务网络信息生态链价值协同创造影响机理进行研究，识别出关键影响因素，对商务网站价值增加、顾客满意度提高以及整个生态链的价值增值有重要的参考意义，同时丰富其理论体系。[方法/过程]构建商务网络信息生态链价值协同创造的过程模型，并据此建立影响因素指标体系，利用专家打分法收集原始数据，运用模糊集理论-DEMATEL法对各项因素的影响程度进行分析。[结果/结论]最终识别出顾客满意度等8项因素作为商务网络信息生态链的关键影响因素。从3个角度提出促进以及优化商务网络信息生态链价值协同创造的建议。     

生态链视角下医疗卫生领域知识服务模式探索

[目的/意义]旨在为医疗卫生领域知识服务提供理论与实践参考。[方法/过程]在生态链视角下,面向医疗卫生领域构建以生态链中的生产者为知识创新主体、分解者为知识实践主体、消费者为知识受益主体的医疗卫生领域知识依赖关系模型,并在此基础上,围绕知识服务各要素以及之间的关系探索医疗卫生领域知识服务模式。[结果/结论]提出医疗卫生资源消费者知识服务模式、医疗卫生资源生产者知识服务模式以及医疗卫生资源分解者知识服务模式。     

辟谣信息对社交媒体用户错误信息持续影响效应(CIE)的影响——基于知识修正理论

[目的/意义]通过研究社交媒体辟谣的要素对错误信息的持续影响效应(CIE)的影响,确定改善CIE的关键因素,进一步完善知识修正等相关理论,以遏制信息疫情的影响。[方法/过程]以知识修正理论为基础模型,采用问卷调查的方式对社交媒体用户进行回溯调查。从用户个人因素和辟谣信息因素两个维度构建了社交媒体辟谣对用户持续影响效应(CIE)的影响因素模型。为验证该模型的可靠性,采用Smart PLS软件进行分析。[结果/结论]网络辟谣信息对社交媒体用户持续影响效应(CIE)的影响主要受7个因素的影响：辟谣信息的频次、辟谣响应速度、个体的自信水平、辟谣信息的详尽程度、辟谣信息的来源、定向推理动机和辟谣信息内容认知能力。这7个因素共同调节了社交媒体用户的知识修正全过程。其中,辟谣信息的来源、定向推理动机和辟谣信息内容认知能力3个因素对用户消除CIE的效果起到相对主导性作用。     

政府数据开放价值实现的机理：基于系统动力学的分析

[目的/意义]政府数据开放具有重要的价值意义,研究政府数据开放价值实现的机理,为政府部门把握工作重点和其他利益相关者参与价值实现提供参考。[方法/过程]从数据生态系统构成要素出发归纳政府数据开放价值实现的影响因素,构建系统动力学模型并进行仿真分析。[结果/结论]综合价值实现过程及影响因素而构建的系统动力学模型能够更加全面反映政府数据开放价值实现系统运行规律,政府开放数据的数量与质量、价值实现的利益相关者以及环境因素均影响政府数据开放价值的实现。     

国内政府数据开放绩效影响因素的实证研究

从结果绩效观出发，基于OGD绩效的生成流程提炼出5个主要影响因素；构建我国OGD绩效与其影响因素关系的理论模型，运用结构方程模型(SEM)对301份调查问卷，利用SPSS24.0和AMOS24.0等分析工具实证国内省域OGD绩效与其影响因素间的关系。研究显示：OGD平台服务质量是当前对OGD绩效影响力最大的因素，其次是用户参与能力和开放数据质量，而OGD的社会准备度和组织保障对其绩效的影响程度基本相当。此外，用户参与能力不仅直接影响OGD绩效水平，还对平台服务质量、数据质量影响OGD绩效的过程具有显著的正向调节作用。最后分别从五个影响因素的作用机理出发提出OGD绩效改进的策略。     

学术虚拟社区知识交流过程与机理研究

[目的/意义] 本文对学术虚拟社区知识交流的过程和机理进行深入探讨,为该主题后续的研究奠定了基础。[方法/过程] 利用文献研究法、定性分析法对学术虚拟社区知识交流的内涵与特征、过程、机理进行了剖析,在此基础上推断知识交流效率的表现形式,引入经济学中的效率测度方法识别知识交流效率评价指标。[结果/结论] 构建以知识交流组成要素、交流动因、交流机制、交流效果为核心的内部机理模型,社区成员在知识交流过程中产生的发帖、评论、浏览以及再评论等数量是学术虚拟社区知识交流效率量化评价的重要指标。     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

The Information Environment and Universal Service

This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.