Individuals and Leadership in an Australian Secondary Science Department: A Qualitative Study

In this article, we consider the complex and dynamic inter-relationships between individual science teachers, the social space of their work and their dispositions towards teacher leadership. Research into the representation of school science departments through individual science teachers is scarce. We explore the representations of four individual teachers to the assertions of teacher leadership proposed by Silva et al. (Teach Coll Rec, 102(4):779–804, 2000). These representations, expressed during regular science department meetings, occur in the social space of Bourdieu’s “field” and are a reflection of the “game” of science education being played within the department. This departmentally centred space suggests an important implication when considering the relationship between subject departments and their schools. The development of an individual’s representation of teacher leadership and the wider “field” of science education appears to shape the individual towards promoting their own sense of identity as a teacher of science, rather than as a teacher within a school. Our work suggests that for these individuals, the important “game” is science education, not school improvement. Consequently, the subject department may be a missing link between efforts to improve schools and current organizational practices.     

Conceptualizing curriculum management in an effective secondary school: a Western Australian case study

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the linkages between management processes and the curriculum using an academically effective secondary school as a case study. The aims of the study are twofold. First, in view of the acknowledged importance governments and others place on the quality of school leadership and management on the one hand and curriculum, teaching and learning reforms on the other, there is a need for empirical data as to how school leaders and managers work to secure improvements in curriculum, teaching and learning. This study purports to provide such data. The second aim acknowledges the need to develop conceptual frameworks and data collection instruments as aids to better understanding of complex relationships within school organizations.two deputy principals do play an indirect and important part in promoting academic performance by reinforcing school values in a wide variety of ways. Third, curriculum management is the responsibility of senior teachers and there is tight linkage between both senior teachers and teachers and high quality teaching and learning. Finally, the loose linkage between departments, and also between departments and senior management, provides little opportunity for a school‐wide approach to curriculum matters. It is evident that a whole‐school curriculum management perspective is absent in this school.     

革新课程领导的现实意义和策略

新课程改革实施给学校教育教学工作带来了全方位的挑战。新课程实施中遇到的问题不能完全归结为教师个人的能力、水平和适应性,而应该是学校组织行为方式的问题;也不能归结为评价改革问题,而是学校全方位的课程领导问题。现实的革新的课程领导发展路向应该重点放在学校的教育哲学和课程实施策略的革新、学校课程与教学的整合革新、学校组织的重组和行为优化以及评价制度和方式的革新。     

Implementing a new senior secondary curriculum in Hong Kong: instructional leadership practices and qualities of school principals

This paper attempts to identify the leadership practices and qualities of school principals engaged in implementing a curriculum reform in Hong Kong. Based on interview data of school principals, this paper shows that the types of instructional leadership practices that school principals adopt and the contextual conditions in which these practices occur are key factors explaining the differential effectiveness of implementation efforts. Six efficacious instructional leadership practices and two contextual conditions critical to their development were identified. This paper reconceptualises instructional leadership as a collective and transformational endeavour, functioning in communities of practice to support school development at different levels.     

校长课程领导下的校本课程发展机制探究——以后海小学快乐阅读为个案

以提高阅读能力,丰富学校生活和变革教学方式为目的,后海小学快乐阅读校本课程发展走过六年的探索之路。本研究目的在于刻画此校本课程经历了怎样的发展过程,探究其内在的课程发展机制。在过去五年间通过参与式观察、深度访谈和文件收集的方法采集资料。研究发现,呈现出情境分析模式下校长课程领导教师跟进的课程发展机制。此脉络中校长课程领导是与行政领导的结合体,培育校长课程领导能力是校本课程发展的关键。教师表现出有限的课程领导空间,在开放的学校氛围中,教师课程领导空间的拓展并不在于外在赋权而要依靠内在的专业成长以及提供足够的组织支持。     

对幼儿园园长课程领导力的理性思考

幼儿园园长课程领导力的状况影响着幼儿园课程品质的提升,而幼儿园课程的改革影响着幼儿教育品质的提升。然而,当前幼儿园园长课程领导力的现状不容乐观,对课程领导力的意蕴充满困惑,且不能将课程领导力的理念融入到幼儿园的实际工作。因此,需要不断加强幼儿园园长课程领导力方面的理论素养,逐步明晰课程领导的角色任务观,重塑课程领导力专题培训的意蕴,在共同体建设中提升园长的课程领导力,并注重园长课程领导力品质的自我修炼。     

论园长课程领导的困境与对策

园本课程开发要求园长具备一定的课程领导能力,能基于一定的专业知识,运用各种领导策略,与相关人员一起开发并实施园本课程,提升教师的教育效能及园本课程的品质.在实践层面,园长课程领导能力的发展面临课程开发和课程领导专业知能不足、疏离课程开发和教学工作、其他人员参与园本课程开发的意愿不强等困境,急需获得相应的支持性环境、合作性文化和专业性培训.     

新课程背景下的校长课程管理

新一轮的课程改革呼唤新的校长课程管理,其重要作用是带来变革。校长课程管理的职责范围主要体现在学校层面;职能涵盖学校课程研制、教师专业发展、课程资源和文化再生等多个方面。校长课程管理的角色表现在课程目标的达成、协调好各方面的关系。     

学校课程领导：模式、发展趋向及启示

课程领导理论的深入发展和课程改革的需要产生了以校长为首的课程领导模式、校长与中层领导同步共治模式和能动分享式领导模式等三种主要的学校课程领导模式,并呈现出细分课程权力并建立其保障机制、学校人力资源的开发与利用、提升学校效能以拓展课程领导空间等趋势。这些为我国课程领导模式的构建提供了如下的思路:以校长专业化推动学校课程领导实践;实施学校知识管理;建立学校的冲突管理机制等。     

教师课程领导的角色与任务探析

从课程领导理念、教师专业发展、课程改革实践等角度,论证教师可以也能够成为课程领导者,进而借鉴国内外有关教师课程领导角色的研究成果,归纳出我国教师课程领导的五种关键性角色:生成者、引领者、促进者、帮助者、塑造者。从角色任务取向出发,指出教师课程领导的五项核心任务。     

试论课程领导与课程发展

随着课程改革和课程问题研究的深入,对课程领导的研究也从课程管理的研究中分离出来,成为课程理论研究的一个新领域。课程领导是指为了实现课程目标,在一定条件下对课程领域的组织和人员施加影响的过程,具有决策、组织与引导等职能,对课程的形成、实施、改革与发展都具有重要影响。课程领导方式的改革要适应世界课程变革的需要,实行课程的三级管理,实现课程领导方式的民主化和科学化;课程的发展要与世界同步,体现现代社会的价值追求和价值选择。     

从自发走向自觉：促进教师课程领导的策略

教师课程领导是指教师在课程事务上通过相互影响来实现课程发展目标、促进教师专业成长、提升学生学习品质的过程。目前教师课程领导仍处于自发状态的因素主要在于：传统学校课程管理体制的影响、教师的课程意识淡薄、教师的课程参与意识不强、教师课程领导知能不足、教师文化的封闭与保守等方面。为使教师课程领导从自发走向自觉,应从赋予教师权限和建立对话平台,提高教师课程领导的专业知能,增强教师课程意识,建立合作开放的教师文化四方面努力,以促进教师课程领导。     

中小学校长课程领导力构成要素及作用机制研究——基于PLS-SEM的实证研究

校长课程领导力是学校课程发展、教师专业发展与学生素养提升的重要保障。基于校长课程领导力的概念解读与维度分解,研究探讨了校长课程领导力的构成要素以及作用机制。以中小学校长为调研对象,采用描述性统计、PLS-SEM分别进行现状分析与模型检验,探究校长课程意识等对课程领导效能的关系。研究发现:中小学校长的课程规划与管理能力较强,课程意识与课程评估能力则较为薄弱;校长课程管理能力与课程评估能力直接影响课程领导效能,而校长的课程意识会经由六条中介作用路径正向影响课程领导效能。基于以上研究结果,提出了注重校长课程领导力培训的科学精准、加强对校长课程领导情智要素的实证研究、构建基于叙事的校长课程领导力提升机制的建议。     

基于课程文化建设,提升教师课程领导力

课程改革的关键是教师。教师课程领导力是指教师在课程规划、资源建设、实施与评价等方面的规划力、整合力、开发力等,是教师专业发展的标志;是学校领导文化转性的标志;是课程实施从忠实取向走向创生取向的标志。课程文化是教师课程领导力的重要追求。学校课程文化建设,有效提升了教师的课程领导力,促进了教师的专业发展,也提高了学生的综合素质,提升了学校的办学品位。     

Being professional: accountability and authority in teachers’ responses to science curriculum reform

The science curriculum is a focus of repeated reform in many countries. However, the enactment of such reforms within schools rarely reflects the intended outcomes of curriculum designers. This review considers what we know about the experiences and reflections of teachers in the enactment of externally driven school science curriculum reform. ‘Externally driven’ signals a focus on studies of teachers who did not make a proactive choice to adopt a particular curriculum reform initiative. This is a very common experience for teachers in many school systems, and one likely to highlight issues of professionalism and authority that are central to the work of teachers. The review analyses 34 relevant studies. These include studies of teachers’ experiences of national curriculum reform, and also studies focusing on more regional or local curriculum reform activities. The studies examine individual teachers’ beliefs, practices and reflections associated with curriculum reform, the response of teacher communities to reform (e.g. within school departments), and teachers’ (and other stakeholders’) experiences across school systems. A wide range of factors influencing teachers’ responses are identified. These are characterised in terms of personal, internal and external contexts of teachers’ work. The review also highlights issues of authority, professionalism and the process of meaning-making in response to external curriculum reform. The discussion section identifies important areas for future research and gives recommendations for the design of curriculum policies that recognise and support the professionalism of science teachers.     

农村地区小学校长领导效能现状调查——以甘肃省为例

新一轮基础教育课程改革对中小学校长的领导能力提出了新的更高的要求。本文从校长引领教师专业发展和教学领导两个维度,调查并分析了当前甘肃农村地区小学校长的领导效能现状,并提出相应的建议。     

Principal Leadership for Technology-enhanced Learning in Science

Reforms such as technology-enhanced instruction require principal leadership. Yet, many principals report that they need help to guide implementation of science and technology reforms. We identify strategies for helping principals provide this leadership. A two-phase design is employed. In the first phase we elicit principals’ varied ideas about the Technology-enhanced Learning in Science (TELS) curriculum materials being implemented by teachers in their schools, and in the second phase we engage principals in a leadership workshop designed based on the ideas they generated. Analysis uses an emergent coding scheme to categorize principals’ ideas, and a knowledge integration framework to capture the development of these ideas. The analysis suggests that principals frame their thinking about the implementation of TELS in terms of: principal leadership, curriculum, educational policy, teacher learning, student outcomes and financial resources. They seek to improve their own knowledge to support this reform. The principals organize their ideas around individual school goals and current political issues. Principals prefer professional development activities that engage them in reviewing curricula and student work with other principals. Based on the analysis, this study offers guidelines for creating learning opportunities that enhance principals’ leadership abilities in technology and science reform.     

普通高中技术课程实施的问题与对策

对四个高中课改实验区为期两年的调研表明,当前,我国普通高中技术课程实施中,师生对课程必要性认同程度高,对课程文本认同程度偏低,部分课程价值获得较为普遍的认可;技术课程的实施环境离课程真实需要还差很远;课堂中的技术课程样态是多样的,主要体现了应用性特征,操作学习是主要的方式。学校水平的技术课程实施受到多重因素的影响,包括校内因素、校外因素、课程自身因素以及课程认同因素等,各种因素之间互动关联、相互影响,构成了一个复杂的因素网。推进普通高中技术课程深入实施,应加强政府部门的行政能力,努力改善实施环境,完善技术课程实施的制度保障系统;需以研究为基础,做好课程方案的修订工作;要加快解决技术课程教师的专业化问题;关注校长的专业发展,促进有效的课程领导运作;重视教研部门,发挥教研员研究、引领和培训者的作用。     

Testing a Model of Program Curriculum Leadership

This study tests the curriculum leadership framework that Stark and Lattuca adapted from Quinn's model of management styles. Chairpersons of departments nominated as effective in curriculum planning answered a survey about their leadership activities and styles. Factor analysis partially supported the model. Activities that chairs reported did not correspond well, however, with leadership styles they chose as most effective.     

学校课程领导主体系统探析

学校课程领导主体,是指在学校情境中利用权力和影响力实施课程领导,构建民主、合作的学校文化,促进学校课程发展,实现学校课程愿景的团体和个人。学校课程领导主体系统是一个多层次、多角色的复杂系统,由学校管理人员、教师、学生、家长、社区人员、课程专家等构成。整合学校课程领导主体系统,应使学校课程领导主体有意义、有能力、有条件参与学校课程领导,形成学校课程领导共同体,构建学习型学校文化。