广东高校学生运动损伤的性别差异及其原因分析

以广州地区9所高校的1 537名男生和2 855名女生为对象,对运动损伤发生的性别差异及其原因进行了调查。结果表明,男生运动损伤的发生率高于女生;而且运动损伤发生的性别差异与参加的具体运动项目有关,如女生在跑步、跳高等运动项目中的损伤高于男生,而男生在足球、篮球和武术等项目中的损伤高于女生。此外,男生肩部的损伤高于女生,而女生足、趾部位的损伤高于男生。对运动损伤性别差异的原因研究还表明,男性在疲劳状况下仍继续运动可能是导致其损伤率高于女生的原因。     

关于山东省青少年运动员易发伤病调查

了解青少年运动员易发伤病情况。方法：对山东体育学院体育运动学校的216名伤病运动员治疗记录进行整理和分析。结果：男生运动损伤的发生率占56、94%,女生占43、06%;容易发生运动损伤的项目是中长跑,占33.33%;膝关节是容易发生运动损伤的部位,占23.61%;运动损伤类别中韧带损伤发生率较高,占47.22%。根据运动损伤调查结果,提出防止运动损伤发生的建议。     

对体育系学生运动损伤的调查分析

对信阳师院体育系134名学生进行了运动损伤调查,结果表明男生的损伤发病率为75%,女生为46.2%.其损伤特点男生多是急性伤,女生多是慢性劳损伤,损伤呈多发性.造成学生受伤最多的运动项目依次为篮球、田径、足球、体操.建议学生要遵守课堂纪律,课前充分做好准备活动;教师要合理安排场地器材,注重研究教法.     

对体育系学生运动损伤的调查分析

对信阳师院体育系134名学生进行了运动损伤调查，结果表明男生的损伤发病率为75％，女生为46．2％。其损伤特点：男生多是急性伤，女生多是慢性劳损伤，损伤呈多发性。造成学生受伤最多的运动项目依次为：篮球、田径、足球、体操。建议学生要遵守课堂纪律，课前充分做好准备活动；教师要合理安排场地器材，注重研究教法。     

高山滑雪运动损伤特征、影响因素及预防策略研究进展

通过系统梳理有关高山滑雪运动损伤的英文文献，对高山滑雪项目的运动损伤特征、影响因素及主要预防策略进行综合分析论证。发现：（1）高山滑雪的损伤发生率高；膝关节是最常见的损伤部位，手指、下背部、头面部等部位次之；损伤类型主要包括韧带损伤、应力性骨折、神经系统损伤/脑震荡等，在前交叉韧带（Anterior Cruciate Ligament，ACL）损伤方面无性别差异；损伤程度一般为中、重度，最严重者可致使运动员停训或中断参赛超过28天；运动员在训练与比赛中所面临的损伤风险相近。（2）影响高山滑雪运动损伤的基本因素包括两个方面，一是运动员本身的竞技水平、技术动作、性别年龄、先天遗传等相关的内部因素，它是减少和预防高山滑雪运动损伤最根本和最重要的因素；二是与竞训场地、器材、装备、气候等客观条件相关的外部因素，它们也对高山滑雪运动损伤特征产生一定影响。（3）对高山滑雪运动损伤的预防策略，可主要侧重于提高力量素质、优化技术动作、创新器材设备，并逐步加强多措并举、相互配合以产生综合效应的方向发展。本研究为加强与高山滑雪项目特征相匹配的运动损伤评价体系的构建，加大高山滑雪运动损伤的机制探究，探索新的预防手段和策略等后续研究奠定了科学基础。     

高山滑雪运动损伤特征、影响因素及预防策略研究进展

通过系统梳理有关高山滑雪运动损伤的英文文献，对高山滑雪项目的运动损伤特征、影响因素及主要预防策略进行综合分析论证。发现：（1）高山滑雪的损伤发生率高；膝关节是最常见的损伤部位，手指、下背部、头面部等部位次之；损伤类型主要包括韧带损伤、应力性骨折、神经系统损伤/脑震荡等，在前交叉韧带（Anterior Cruciate Ligament，ACL）损伤方面无性别差异；损伤程度一般为中、重度，最严重者可致使运动员停训或中断参赛超过28天；运动员在训练与比赛中所面临的损伤风险相近。（2）影响高山滑雪运动损伤的基本因素包括两个方面，一是运动员本身的竞技水平、技术动作、性别年龄、先天遗传等相关的内部因素，它是减少和预防高山滑雪运动损伤最根本和最重要的因素；二是与竞训场地、器材、装备、气候等客观条件相关的外部因素，它们也对高山滑雪运动损伤特征产生一定影响。（3）对高山滑雪运动损伤的预防策略，可主要侧重于提高力量素质、优化技术动作、创新器材设备，并逐步加强多措并举、相互配合以产生综合效应的方向发展。本研究为加强与高山滑雪项目特征相匹配的运动损伤评价体系的构建，加大高山滑雪运动损伤的机制探究，探索新的预防手段和策略等后续研究奠定了科学基础。     

山西省自由式摔跤运动员损伤调查与分析的研究

运动损伤一直困扰着运动员和教练员,如何防止运动损伤,一直是教练员和医务工作者所关心的问题,文章对山西省自由跤队的56名运动员进行运动损伤的调查中发现,发生过运动损伤的患病率为100%,从损伤部位来看以膝关节和腰部损伤为主,其次为肩关节、肘关节、手腕关节、踝关节等。运动损伤以急性损伤为主,慢性损伤为辅,急性转慢性的比重也很大。文章从摔跤运动员损伤的易发部位,常见损伤及损伤原因等方面探讨了运动员损伤对训练水平的影响,并提出预防和减少摔跤运动员运动损的建议。     

皮划艇静水皮艇项目运动损伤现状分析——以山东省队为例

目的：为探讨皮划艇静水皮艇项目运动损伤的特征,本文以山东省队为例进行运动损伤现状分析,旨在为预防运动员发生损伤提供相关理论依据。方法：在分析运动员体重等基本情况基础上,对运动损伤的部位和组织、致伤训练的类型、损伤的左右侧和新旧伤进行帕累托分析。结果：(1)运动损伤主要发生的部位,男性运动员在腰部,占比79.06%;女性运动员主要集中在膝关节、腰部和背部,累计占比达到87.63%。(2)运动损伤主要发生的组织为肌肉组织,在男性运动员中占比69.91%;在女性运动员中占比45.70%。(3)运动损伤主要致伤训练为测试仪训练,在男性运动员中占比45.75%;在女性运动员占比34.95%。(4)运动损伤左右侧分布,中间脊柱损伤的例数最少。(5)持续旧伤在男性运动员占比为88.77%;女性运动员占比63.44%。结论：皮划艇静水皮艇项目运动损伤发生部位主要集中在腰部;损伤发生的主要组织为肌肉组织;致伤训练主要为测试仪训练;持续旧伤占运动损伤的主体,左右侧损伤较多,中间脊柱损伤的例数较少。     

我国优秀游泳运动员肩、膝关节损伤的调查研究

对1999年全国游泳冠军赛和锦标赛的18个代表队120名优秀运动员的肩、膝关节损伤进行了调查研究。结果显示，我国优秀游泳运动员肩、膝关节损伤占运动损伤的61.5%，且多为训练年限6～9年的健将级以上的运动员；患急性肩关节损伤多是主项为自由泳、蝶泳或仰泳的运动员；患急性膝关节损伤则以主项为蛙泳的运动员较为常见。针对我国秀游泳运动员肩、膝关节损伤的原因，提出预防和治疗肩、膝关节损伤的建议。     

山东省现役400米运动员运动损伤现状的调查与促进策略

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法以山东省现役400米运动员为调查对象,以山东省现役400米运动员的运动损伤为研究对象,对运动员的运动损伤情况进行了调查和分析。结果表明:山东省现役400米运动员运动损伤率高,受伤部位集中在大腿和腰部,损伤的类型形式大多为急性损伤的肌肉拉伤和慢性损伤的肌肉劳损。促进策略为加强思想教育,提高相关知识储备,合理安排训练,加强监控和及时采取积极措施,预防和避免运动员运动损伤的发生。     

The Value and Future Agenda of Research on Teaching Physical Education

Abstract

Mortality rates and injuries requiring medical treatment associated with sports and exercise are generally low. However, higher injury rates are reported for athletes and members of sports clubs. This study focuses on the sport- and exercise-related injury rate for various age and sex groups in the general population and how sport and exercise injury rates compare with those for other activities. The data presented are based on telephone interviews. Of the participants (N = 6,596), 335 (5.1%) reported having sustained an injury in the previous month; 46% of injuries among males and 14% of those among females were sport or exercise related. The data show a downward trend in sport- and exercise-related injury rates with increasing age. It is concluded that, as a proportion of all injuries sustained, the sport- and exercise-related injury rate is high, particularly among males. Possible future research on sport- and exercise-related injuries is discussed.     

体育专业大学生运动损伤发病率的比较研究

目的：通过对体育专业大学生运动损伤的发生原因、项目、部位、病理及治疗措施等方面的调查与分析,找出运动损伤发生的规律与特点,为有效预防大学生运动损伤的发生提供科学的理论依据。方法：采用问卷调查与数理统计法,对沈阳师范大学体育科学学院1～3年级本科在校生的运动损伤发病率进行了调查。结果在254名调查对象中,发生过运动损伤的有229名,平均发病率为90.1%。另外,年龄越大,运动损伤的发病率越高,而男生比女生发病率高;体育学专业比运动训练专业发病率高;运动损伤的活动类型多发生在课外活动和运动竞赛,发病率分别占62.9%、23.2%;导致运动损伤发生的项目主要是大球类项目和田径项目,发病率各占59.0%、42.1%;多发部位集中于四肢和躯干部位,发病率为64.4%、14.0%;导致运动损伤发生的直接原因为缺乏准备活动、运动负荷（局部负担量）过大、身体功能和心理状态不良、思想上不重视;运动损伤发生后的主要治疗和康复手段为中草药疗法、物理疗法、伤后康复锻炼等。结论：体育专业学生男生运动损伤的发病率高于女生,从总体上看,运动损伤的程度仍处于较高水平,这与年龄、课外活动、大球类项目等因素密切相关。     

Severity and cost of injuries in amateur rugby league: A case study

The aim of this study was to determine the severity and cost of injuries in amateur rugby league. Seventy-two amateur rugby league players aged 28 - 6 years (mean - s) were surveyed at the end of a competitive season. An injury was defined as any pain, disability or injury that occurred as a result of a competition game which caused the player to miss subsequent games. Injuries were classified as minor (one game missed), moderate (two to four games missed) and major (five or more games missed). Of the 72 questionnaires distributed, 34 (47.2%) were returned. Twenty respondents (58.8%) sustained an injury that resulted in one or more missed games. Eight injured players (40.0%) missed five or more training sessions, six of whom (30%) missed five or more games as a result of the injury. The median time lost from employment or study for all injured players was 2 days per playing injury. The respective median direct (e.g. medical expenses) and indirect (e.g. wages lost) costs associated with the injury were 28.29 and 77.04 per playing injury. A considerable proportion of injuries sustained in the present sample of amateur rugby league players were major, resulting in a loss of training, playing and employment or study time, and these injuries were associated with significant direct and indirect economic costs. Further studies, using a larger sample, would complement the present findings in establishing the severity and cost of amateur rugby league injuries. These results suggest that prevention strategies are required to reduce the severity and cost of amateur rugby league injuries.     

Severity and cost of injuries in amateur rugby league: a case study

The aim of this study was to determine the severity and cost of injuries in amateur rugby league. Seventy-two amateur rugby league players aged 28 +/- 6 years (mean +/- s) were surveyed at the end of a competitive season. An injury was defined as any pain, disability or injury that occurred as a result of a competition game which caused the player to miss subsequent games. Injuries were classified as minor (one game missed), moderate (two to four games missed) and major (five or more games missed). Of the 72 questionnaires distributed, 34 (47.2%) were returned. Twenty respondents (58.8%) sustained an injury that resulted in one or more missed games. Eight injured players (40.0%) missed five or more training sessions, six of whom (30%) missed five or more games as a result of the injury. The median time lost from employment or study for all injured players was 2 days per playing injury. The respective median direct (e.g. medical expenses) and indirect (e.g. wages lost) costs associated with the injury were 28.29 pounds and 77.04 pound per playing injury. A considerable proportion of injuries sustained in the present sample of amateur rugby league players were major, resulting in a loss of training, playing and employment or study time, and these injuries were associated with significant direct and indirect economic costs. Further studies, using a larger sample, would complement the present findings in establishing the severity and cost of amateur rugby league injuries. These results suggest that prevention strategies are required to reduce the severity and cost of amateur rugby league injuries.     

篮球运动中踝部损伤的发病规律分析

为了探讨篮球运动中踝部损伤的发病规律，制定其相关的预防措施，对吉首大学99级、2000级体育教育本科专业204名学生进行了调查。结果显示：篮球运动中踝部损伤以运动员跳起脚落地不稳、准备活动不充分等为主要原因；损伤性质以急性软组织损伤为主，约占84．72％；损伤程度以中度损伤居多；有过2次或2次以上的踝部损伤的学生约占65％以上。可见，积极预防篮球运动中的踝部损伤，以减少其对篮球运动教学与训练的影响，有着十分重要的意义。     

Eight-season epidemiological study of injuries in men’s international Under-20 rugby tournaments

The aim of this study was to define the incidence and nature of match injuries sustained in men’s international under-20 rugby. The study comprised an 8-season prospective study of 16 international under-20 rugby tournaments. Procedures complied with the consensus statement for epidemiological studies in rugby. Outputs included players’ mean age, stature and body mass and incidence, severity, location, type and cause of match injuries. The overall incidence of injury was 49.7 injuries/1000 player-match-hours (backs: 48.3; forwards: 50.9) with a mean severity of 32.2 days-absence (backs: 29.4; forwards: 34.4). There were no significant changes in incidence or severity of injury over the study period. Shoulder/clavicle (18.3%), head/face (16.4%), knee (13.7%) and ankle (13.7%) were the most common injury locations and ligament sprain (35.4%), haematoma/bruise (15.9%), concussion (12.5%) and muscle strain (11.2%) the most common types of injury. Being-tackled (29.2%), tackling (24.0%) and collisions (14.3%) were the most common events leading to injury. The results confirm that international under-20 rugby has a high incidence and severity of injury but the incidence is half that reported for senior international players. There was no significant change in the overall incidence of injury at the Under-20 level in the period 2008 to 2016.     

How should we categorise self-reported data on subsequent injuries?*

Classifying subsequent injuries is of high importance in injury epidemiology since a previous injury has been reported to increase the risk of a new injury or increase the risk of a more severe injury. Multiple reports have shown that self-reported data provide an extensive view of an injury problem and add valuable information to the understanding of the athlete’s health. The purpose of this study was to display a method that can be used to facilitate classification of subsequent injuries and to discuss challenges faced when categorising subsequent injuries based on self-reported data. The suitability of a new model for Subsequent Injuries Adjusted for Self-reported data (SIAS model) was demonstrated with sport injury data from a cohort of 101 adolescent elite track & field athletes, followed over 52 weeks. A total number of 71 subsequent injuries were identified. Of all subsequent injuries, recurrent injuries represented 69.0% (n?=?49) and 31.0% (n?=?22) were classified as new injuries. The majority of subsequent injuries (n?=?60, 84.5%) occurred after athletes had recovered from a previous injury. Of all subsequent injuries, 15.5% (n?=?11) represented injuries where athletes had not fully recovered from a previous injury. Application of the SIAS model allows for classification of subsequent injuries based on self-reported data on the recovery level of the athletes, the injury onset and injury type. The developed SIAS model follows the consensus recommendations of injury definition, injury classification and is an attempt to increase the understanding of the complex relationship of subsequent injuries in self-reported data sets.     

我国优秀健美运动员运动创伤特点的分析

对我国84名优秀健美运动员进行创伤调查发现,男运动员的创伤发生率为91.4%,女运动员为85.7%.其创伤特点主要为慢性劳损性伤或由急性伤迁延所致的慢性伤,急性伤只占15%左右.男运动员创伤主要集中在腰、背部,女运动员创伤主要集中于胸、肩部.就其原因进行了分析,并提出了预防运动创伤的建议.     

对我国优秀冰球运动员运动创伤特点的分析

对我国优秀冰球运动员116名进行创伤调查,结果发现男运动员的创伤发病率为88.5%,女运动员为65.5%。其创伤特点主要为急性伤或由急性伤迁延而来,慢性伤只占20%左右;创伤的多发性也很明显,占70%以上。创伤发病率最高的6种疾病依次为腰背肌肉筋膜炎、髌腱腱围炎、腕关节三角软骨盘损伤、踝关节韧带断裂和不稳、髌骨软骨病和肩袖损伤。就腰背肌肉筋膜炎发病率高的原因进行了分析,并根据本调查结果提出预防运动创伤的建议。     

普通高校冬季冰上课运动损伤调查与研究

冬季冰上课是我国北方地区的特色体育课程,对发展学生的身体素质、意志品质、社会适应能力具有良好的促进作用,但效果居高不下的运动损伤发生率是制约普通高校冬季冰上课程发展的瓶颈。运用问卷调查法、数理统计法与逻辑分析法,对普通高校冬季冰上课运动损伤的特点及发生规律进行研究,结果表明,学生在冰上课上的受伤率高达24.1%;下肢受伤率为65.6%,是受伤率最高的部位;技术动作不到位、安全意识薄弱、准备活动不充分、未听从教师管理与指导、有害怕和恐惧心理、教师课堂管理松散、教学内容太难、冰面质量不好、恶劣的天气条件等是引发运动损伤发生的原因;提出着力推进安全意识与防护技能教育,课堂教学的科学管理,加强场地与器材的维护,风险规避或转移等措施积极预防大学生运动损伤的发生。