基于工程教育认证的《软件工程》课程教学质量建设研究

工程教育专业认证是我国高等教育发展的趋势。以兰州交通大学计算机科学与技术专业《软件工程》课程为例,按照工程教育专业认证的理念和方法进行了质量提升建设,从教学大纲规划设计、课程教学能力培养目标、课程考核内容设置、课程持续改进等环节进行了分析。以上研究过程中形成的方法对于促进计算机科学与技术专业工程师人才培养和其它专业的工程教育专业认证具有一定借鉴意义。     

面向工程认证的计算机组成原理课程建设探索

面向工程教育专业认证需要,对计算机专业系统类课程《计算机组成原理》进行改革。按照工程教育专业认证的理念和方法,基于课程产出导向,进行课程反向设计,阐述了重构教学大纲关键点,使课程目标与毕业要求关联,分析了课程考核和评价方法、课程持续改进等环节。基于专业认证的课程教学改革是提高人才培养质量的有意义的探索。     

基于工程专业认证的《计算机图形学》课程大纲改革

在工程教育专业认证新标准背景下,对我校信息专业的《计算机图形学》课程的教学大纲进行了改革与修订。按照工程教育专业认证的理念和方法,并参照世界一流大学同类课程,从教学大纲规划设计、课程教学能力培养目标、课程考核内容设置、课程持续改进等环节进行了课程质量提升建设,大纲内容的修订以工程教育专业认证标准为依据,充分体现以学生的学习成果为本,以期更科学地指导整个教学过程。     

基于工程教育认证背景的资源勘查工程专业“岩浆岩岩石学”课程教学改革

推动专业教育质量和人才培养质量的持续改进与提高是工程教育专业认证的基本质量要求。文章以东华理工大学资源勘查工程专业"岩浆岩岩石学"课程为研究对象,从改进教学方式及方法、优化教学内容及环节和完善学习效果评价体系三个方面进行了教学改革探索,建立了工程教育认证背景下提升学生专业能力和培养质量的"岩浆岩岩石学"课程体系。     

《控制工程基础》课程达成度评价研究与实践

在工程教育专业认证快速发展的背景下,针对工程教育认证的基本理念,本文以机械电子工程专业的核心课程——《控制工程基础》课程为例,分析了课程内容及主要教学环节对应支撑毕业要求的具体指标点,同时阐述了课程达成度评价的实施过程。教学实践相关的数据验证了学生通过课程学习后能力的达成度,并指出课程教学过程中存在的问题及进一步改进的措施。本文相关研究方法可进一步应用于机械电子工程专业其他课程,评价结果可有效支撑工程教育专业认证的持续改进工作。     

创新型导论课达成度评价方法探索

北京邮电大学的创新型导论课教学模式改革为帮助大一学生建立工程与专业认知提供了有益经验并取得了良好效果,但尚未见到适合于这类混合式教学模式的课程评价方法。因此,在工程教育专业认证评价框架下,以分阶段、过程性、面向学生认知能力发展特点的考核方式构建课程达成度评价体系,并针对同类课程在工程认证持续改进环节反馈周期较长的问题,利用授课过程中的各类反馈信息,在教学周期内即对教学方式进行及时调整,大大缩短了持续改进的周期。达成度计算结果显示,导论课有效地支撑了工程教育专业认证毕业要求指标点的相应指标。     

工程教育认证标准下的课程教学设置

深入剖析工程教育认证标准的内涵,根据工程教育认证三大核心理念:以学生为中心、基于产出(OBE)及持续改进重构课程教学体系。现以"机械工程测试技术"为例,在课程大纲的确定、教学体系的设置、综合性实验的开设、实验评价量规表及课程持续改进等方面深入阐述在工程教育认证标准下专业核心课程的建设理念和过程,经过近2年的实施效果来看,学生在理论知识掌握的深度及问题解决能力等方面均得到了提高,有效保证了本专业毕业生培养质量。同时,可为正在进行工程教育认证的专业提供具体课程重建的参考。     

工程教育认证申请受理工作认识与思考

工程教育认证正式开始前的申请受理工作是工程教育认证全过程中非常重要的环节,正确遴选出符合条件的拟受理专业,对下一步认证工作的开展起到事半功倍的作用和效果。工程教育专业认证必须遵循三个基本理念:成果导向、以学生为中心、持续改进。本文就作者多次参与的工程教育认证会议,总结整个工程教育认证申请受理的相关细节和问题,并提出一些见解和意见。     

工程教育专业认证背景下“传感与检测技术”课程教学改革探讨

工程教育专业认证是促进我国工程教育改革,提高工程教育质量的重要举措。在此背景下,本文对自动化专业"传感与检测技术"课程的教学改革进行了探讨,提出了理论教学、教学方法、实践教学、考核方式等方面持续改进的一系列方案。     

工程认证背景下交通工程专业教学改革思考——以“城市公共交通”课程为例

工程教育专业认证是推动工程教育国际化,提高高等教育人才培养质量的重要举措,目前已成为很多高等院校本科教学的重点工作。工程教育专业认证工作的开展相应地对于交通工程专业课程的建设也提出了新的改革要求。通过分析工程教育专业认证的内涵和核心任务,基于“城市公共交通”课程的特点,从教学目标、教学内容和教学方法等方面对课程的教学工作进行分析研究,改革现有教学模式,构建以产出为导向的课程教学模式,实现课程建设的持续改进。     

Supposer et postuler pour produire des connaissances scientifiques: une évidence ou une conquête théorique? Une étude des points de vue d'étudiants

Résumé De manière générale, l'évidence sensorielle et, plus particulièrement, visuelle constitue pour les étudiants le principal fondement du savoir scientifique: nul besoin de supposer pour connaître, tout est donné ou presque. Du point de vue de l'enseignement des sciences, cette croyance à saveur réaliste est particulièrement critique, notamment parce qu'elle conduit à penser que les concepts, lois et théories scientifiques procèdent d'un monde de matérialités plutôt que d'un monde de modèles et de relations. Au cours d'une recherche effectuée auprès d'un groupe-classe de 35 étudiants durant douze semaines, nous avons pu observer que, pour la majorité des étudiants, la compréhension du caractère construit et consensuel du savoir scientifique était facilitée par le développement d'une métaréflexion sur leurs propres productions de connaissance et les inévitables postulats et suppositions qui les fondent. Nous avons également pu observer qu'il découle de cette activité réflexive un modèle de science qui se distingue des modèles initialement tenus par les étudiants, par le pouvoir créateur et, surtout, le pouvoir de théoriser qu'il comporte: postuler, supposer, jauger collectivement de la plausibilité des résultats plutôt qu'en appeler à une instance occulte, voilà quelques-unes des conquêtes théoriques qu'ils ont effectuées et sur lesquelles nous allons nous attarder.

---

Sensorial, and more specifically, visual evidence is generally regarded by students as the basis for scientific knowledge: no need to postulate to understand, all is almost or practically given. From a science-teaching standpoint, this rather realistic approach is critical and leads to the belief that scientific concepts, laws, and theories stem from a world of materiality rather than from a world of models and relationships. During a 12-week study a group of 35 college students, we observed that for the majority of them, the development of metareflection on how they produce knowledge, with the inevitable and inherent postulates and conjecture, facilitated their understanding of the constructed and consensual character of scientific knowledge. We also observed that this reflexive activity facilitated the development of a new approach to science that differed from those models previously used by the students in its creative potential and, more importantly, in the power of its theoretics: to postulate, suppose, and collectively estimate the plausibility of results rather than calling up occult instances. These and other theoretical achievements will be discussed in this paper.

     

“Street Love”: How Street Life Oriented U. S. Born African Men Frame Giving Back to One Another and the Local Community

This Participatory Action Research (PAR) project worked with four active street life oriented U. S. Born African men, to document how a community sample of street life oriented U. S. Born African men between the ages of 16–65, frame and use “street life” as a Site of Resiliency (Payne, Dissertation, 2005; Journal of Black Psychology 34(1):3–31, 2008). Qualitative data was collected in the form of 20 individual and two group interviews. These data reveal an inter-generational, conceptualization and use, of the term “street love” in street life oriented U. S. born African men. Also, these data reveal that notions of “street love” extend out a critique of community professionals (e.g., community researchers/interventionists, social workers, etc.) as being unable and unwilling to produce “real help” in the local community. Examples of street love, revealed in the study, include the men offering advice/counsel, money or “free turkeys” during Thanksgiving to one another as well as other members of the local community. Results support Payne’s (2005) three-dimension conceptualization of “street love”: (1) individual, (2) group and (3) communal level expressions of “street love”.

Academic growth and development - How do university academics experience it?

This paper reports the outcomes of a study, undertaken from a phenomenographic perspective, of university academics’ experiences of their own growth and development, i.e., what it means to them, what they are trying to achieve, how they go about it, why they do things that way ... The outcomes presented are based on a series of interviews with teaching and research academics at a research intensive university. The group as a whole showed a range of views of academic development, representing in particular a varying focus on:

A validated instrument measuring students' perceptions on plastinated and three-dimensional printed anatomy tools

Due to the modernization of the medical curriculum and technological advancements, anatomy education has evolved beyond cadaveric dissection alone. Plastination techniques, three-dimensional (3D) modeling, and 3D printing technologies have progressively gained importance. However, there are limited valid and reliable surveys to evaluate students' perceptions of these new anatomy tools. Hence, this study aimed to develop a validated instrument to measure students' learning satisfaction, self-efficacy, humanistic values, and perceived limitations of plastinated and 3D printed models. A 41-item survey (five-point Likert scale, 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) was administered to Year 1 undergraduate medical students following a randomized controlled crossover study that evaluated plastinated and 3D printed cardiac and neck models. Ninety-six responses were received, and a factor analysis was performed with the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin sampling adequacy of 0.878. The confirmatory factor analysis yielded a 4-factor, 19 items model that had a good fit with the latent constructs of $x$² (147) = 211.568, P < 0.001, root mean square error of approximation = 0.068, root mean square residual = 0.064, comparative fit index = 0.946, and Tucker Lewis index = 0.937. The Cronbach's alpha for the individual factors ranged from 0.74 to 0.95, indicating good internal consistency. This demonstrated a psychometrically valid and reliable instrument to measure students' perceptions toward plastinated and 3D printed models.     

Phase diagram estimation of the Al2O3-SiO2-Re2O3 systems

Nine limiting binaries of Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Re₂O₃(Re=Nd, Sm, Gd and La) system are assessed. The binary diagrams or experimental information from Toropov, Mizuno, Aramaki, Bondar, Rolin and Coutures are optimized with the substitutional model of Kaufman and Nesor and the approximate formula of fusion free energy for rare earth element oxides of Wu and Pelton. The extracted Gibbs free energies of pure solid oxides and stoichiometric phases and the solution parameters are used to estimate the corresponding binaries, liquidus surfaces and a series of isothermal sections of four ternaries Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Nd₂O₃, Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Sm₂O₃, Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Gd₂O₃, and Al₂O₃-SiO₂-La₂O₃. In the Al₂O₃-SiO₂-Gd₂O₃ system samples as fired at exact temperature with different compositions were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer and the detected results are fitted with the calculation of isothermal sections. Supported by State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Micro-structure (9517 and 9708)     

Retooling Education: Testing and the Liberal Arts

The motivation and methodology for measuring intelligence have changed repeatedly in the modern history of large-scale student testing. Test makers have always sought to identify raw aptitude for cultivation, but they have never figured out how to promote excellence while preserving equality. They’ve settled for egalitarianism, which gives rise to “culturally fair” tests that substitute vagaries for knowledge, deprive students of any real appreciation for language, and trivialize education. Robert Jackson yearns for traditional oratorical approaches to schooling that venerate and imitate essential, time-tested masters. Unfortunately, he writes, such an education defies measurement with today’s multiple-choice instruments.

流动儿童城市适应状况及过程:一项质性研究的结果

This article employs qualitative research methods to explore the urban adaptation and adaptation processes of Chinese migrant children. Through twenty-one in-depth interviews with migrant children, the researchers discovered: The participant migrant children showed a fairly high level of adaptation to the city; their process of urban adaptation emerged as three categories: the U-Type, the J-type, and the “flat line” type. Also explored were long-term acquisition of explicit behaviors, implicit notions, adaptation to the socio-cultural environment, and success in education as difficult aspects of adaptation. After comparing these three processes, the research team developed a theory of migrant children urban adaptation. It hypothesizes that during the urban adaptation process, migrant children will encounter four stages of development: excitement and curiosity, shock and resistance, exploration and adaptation, and finally integration and assimilation. __________ Translated by Amanda Weiss from Beijing Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) 北京师范大学学报 (社会科学版) (Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Sciences)), 2008, (3): 9–20, revised by Deane Neubauer, Emeritus Professor, University of Hawaii     

Evaluating online learning communities

This article reviews recent evaluation studies of online learning communities to provide a systematic understanding of how such communities are evaluated. Forty-two representative studies were selected and categorized into a newly developed taxonomy of online learning community evaluations. This taxonomy is divided into four components: evaluation purpose, evaluation approach, measures for evaluation, and evaluation techniques. The findings suggest that it is inappropriate to conceptualize evaluation of such communities as a one-size-fits-all, generalizable measure of “good” or “bad.” Instead, we recommend a comprehensive, on-going, diagnostic approach to measuring clusters of indicators, or syndromes, of a particular OLC and examining the causal relation assumed by the evaluators between what is measured and the success of OLC as an imputed outcome.

Educational Attainment as Process: Using Hierarchical Discrete-Time Event History Analysis to Model Rate of Progress

Variables that address student enrollment patterns (e.g., persistence, enrollment inconsistency, completed credit hours, course credit load, course completion rate, procrastination) constitute a longstanding fixture of analytical strategies in educational research, particularly research that focuses on explaining variation in academic outcomes. However, nearly all measures of enrollment patterns are handicapped by untested assumptions about a more fundamental measure, namely students’ rate of progress. In this paper, I first explain how a variety of widely used measures of enrollment patterns are inextricably linked to students’ rate of progress. I then describe a method of modeling mathematically students’ rate of progress that employs hierarchical (multilevel) discrete-time event history analysis of repeated events. I conclude with an empirical example of the application of this method in which I test several hypotheses concerning students’ rate of progress through the remedial math sequence toward the outcome of college-level math competency. In addition to the utility of the method that is proposed here, the issues discussed in this paper have important practical implications for institutional research, particularly with respect to the use of the various measures of enrollment patterns to explain variation in students’ attainment.