中医院校公共体育网球选修课实施归因训练的实验研究

以归因理论为指导,通过问卷调查和实验研究,从学生成就动机、网球技术学习成绩、掌握知识的稳定性与教学效果等几个方面,探讨中医院校公共体育课网球技术学习实施归因训练的相关问题。结果表明,归因训练与学生的成就动机水平、掌握技术动作、掌握知识的稳定性有显著相关。在网球技术学习中实施归因训练能够提高学生的成就动机水平、掌握网球技术动作能力,促进学生成绩和教学效果。在教学中实施归因训练应引导学生做积极归因,激励学生的学习情绪,提高教学效果。     

健美操选项课大学生运动成就动机归因训练效果的实验研究

以归因理论为指导,通过实验研究健美操选项课大学生成就动机归因训练前后效果的相关问题,并通过对健美操选项课大学生进行成就归因训练来提高学生的成就动机水平、掌握健美操技术动作能力,促进学生成绩和教学效果。教师在教学中实施归因训练应引导学生做积极归因,激励学生的学习情绪,提高教学效果。     

学习障碍学生归因训练研究综述

归因训练是帮助学习障碍学生增强学习动机,提高学习成绩的有效 干预手段。目前关于学习障碍学生的归因训练多以小学生和初中生为对象, 采用的训练方法为直接法和间接法。研究表明,个体和小组形式的归因训练 优于团体归因训练,实验情境中的归因训练优于课堂情境的效果,将策略教 学与归因训练结合比单独使用归因训练更为有效。提高团体形式和课堂情 境中归因训练的有效性是今后研究的重点。     

学习障碍学生的归因特征与归因训练模式的设计

归因训练是帮助学习障碍学生增强学习动机，提高学习成绩的有效干预手段。目前，关于学习障碍学生归因训练的理论研究和实践训练都比较匮乏，本文从学习障碍学生社会心理的角度出发，试图通过对学习障碍学生归因问题相关研究的分析，探索学习障碍学生归因过程之特征。并通过对当今三种主流归因训练模式的理论审视，尝试架构与学习障碍学生归因特征相适应的归因训练模式的设计框架，并初步探讨了学习障碍学生归因训练过程中应注意的问题，为其他研究者後继的研究工作提供了思路。     

归因理论与学习动机

归因理论有助于分析学生学习动机的形成 ,预测学生的学习动机 ,培养学生良好的归因风格。根据归因理论 ,培养学生良好的学习动机和归因风格的策略主要有 :尊重差异 ,树立学习目标 ,进行合理的归因训练 ,正确看待错误 ,使学生掌握学习策略 ,创设合作学习的情境     

农村初中生的学业成败归因倾向研究

为了解农村初中学生的学业成败归因倾向,本文对511名农村初中生进行调查研究。结果表明:被试对学业成败的努力归因倾向得分最高,不同归因倾向的性别之间、年级之间、住宿方式之间、成绩之间均存在显著差异。建议教师积极引导学生的学业归因方式,激发学生学习的内驱力,提高学习效果。正视农村学生的成败归因倾向,鼓励学生积极归因;因材施教,增强各群体的自信心;替代强化,优化学生的归因方式;矫正训练,培养学生自我归因能力,形成积极的归因风格。     

高中生英语学科学业成就的归因研究

寻找高中学生对英语学业成就归因的规律性,为今后教学中根据不同学生特点进行针对性的心理归因训练提供依据,对归因理论更好的运用于教育教学实践进行了探索。采用自编成绩归因问卷对高中学生英语学习行为归因进行调查。结果显示：①努力程度、学习兴趣是对英语学业成绩影响较大的因素;机会、试题难度、休息等的影响较小;②外归因、不稳定及不可控因子对英语学业优秀组的学生成绩影响成线性关系。     

成败归因理论与高职高专英语教学

根据归因理论的论述和阐释,教师通过研究学生二语学习成败的归因倾向,对学生感知学习成败的归因适时提供反馈,并在教学过程中有意识地对学生进行归因重塑训练,有助于提高学生的学习积极性,增强和维持学生的学习信念,对教学实践具有重大的指导意义.     

成就归因与学生心理健康的相关分析

成就归因与学生的心理健康关系密切.个体的归因风格和归因偏差都将对学生的学习活动产生影响.通过归因训练,帮助学生形成积极的成就归因,既有利于提高学生学习的积极性,也有利于学生的心理健康.     

运用归因理论激发小学生的成就动机

归因理论对于学校教育具有重大的指导意义.它可以帮助教师寻找到教育的契机和方法.学生对学习结果的归因,直接影响其学习信心和对前途的期待.心理学研究表明,人们的归因倾向是可以改变的,教师可结合归因训练,并利用课堂教学,运用教育与引导的方法,帮助学生作出正确、积极的归因,激发学生的成就动机.     

The effects of cooperative homework on mathematics achievement of Chinese high school students

This study examined the effects of cooperative homework on mathematics achievement, taking into account team characteristics. Results of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that three-member teams high in ability (three high achievers or two high achievers plus one middle/low achiever) seem preferable in organizing cooperative learning for mathematics homework. Middle and low achievers all benefited from cooperative mathematics homework, whereas high achievers did not although they still maintained their top position in mathematics achievement.     

归因训练提高英语阅读能力的实证研究

以归因理论为依据,运用问卷及访谈方式,了解英语专业阅读能力弱的学生的归因倾向,并以此为依据,采用谈话开导和教育干预方式,对英语专业阅读能力弱的学生进行归因训练,经过训练效果测量发现:通过系统的归因训练,可以帮助学生改变不良的归因方式,增强阅读学习兴趣,培养良好的阅读习惯,对学生的阅读成绩的提高有一定的促进作用。     

The effects of cooperative learning and learner control on students' achievement, option selections, and attitudes

We investigated the effects of studying alone or in cooperative-learning groups on the performance of high and low achievers, using either learner- or program-controlled computer-based instruction. A total of 92 sixth-grade students were classified by Stanford Achievement Test scores and randomly assigned to group or individual treatments, stratified by achievement scores. Both high and low achievers in the cooperative treatment performed better and had more positive attitudes toward grouping than did students working individually, on both program-controlled and learner-controlled computer lessons. In addition, the cooperative-learning group exhibited significantly greater improvement from immediate to delayed post-test than did the individual-learning group. For low achievers, the greatest improvement was in the program-controlled condition, and for the high achievers, in the learner-controlled condition. The learner-controlled cooperative-learning group, compared to the learner-controlled individual-learning group, chose to check its concept learning more often and spent more time interacting with the computer-based tutorial. These results suggest that cooperative learning provides beneficial effects, and imply a need for software designers to adapt computer-based instruction for cooperative learning to the different learning styles of high-and low-achieving students.     

The role of structured cooperative learning groups for enhancing Chinese primary students’ reading comprehension

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two types of cooperative learning groups used in reciprocal teaching (RT) classes (i.e. high-structured vs. low-structured groups) for enhancing students’ reading comprehension. The participants were 235 Hong Kong Chinese Grade 6 students in nine classes. Reading comprehension tests and questionnaires were used to investigate students’ reading comprehension, teachers’ cognitive support and perceptions of cooperative learning. The findings indicate that high achievers from the low-structured RT group significantly outperformed high achievers from the high-structured RT group in post-test reading comprehension, whereas low achievers from the high-structured RT group significantly outperformed low achievers from the low-structured RT group in follow-up reading comprehension. Students from the high-structured RT group reported higher scores for their perceptions of cooperative learning than students from the low-structured RT group.     

Motivational Characteristics in Mathematical Achievement: a study of gifted high‐achieving,gifted underachieving and non‐gifted pupils

The aim of this study was to examine whether motivational‐emotional variables such as intrinsic orientation toward schoolwork, Mathematics anxiety, academic self‐esteem, attribution of success and failure in Mathematics and situational interest in Mathematics could differentiate different groups of mathematically gifted pupils. The research was based, theoretically, on an interactional model of giftedness. The sample consisted of 147 selected primary school pupils (9‐10 years of age) who were assigned to the following groups for comparison: mathematically gifted achievers (n = 31), mathematically gifted under‐achievers (n = 31) and mathematically non‐gifted pupils (n = 85). The results of a discriminant analysis show that the gifted pupils differ from the non‐gifted ones in attaining higher levels of intrinsic orientation toward Mathematics, lower Mathematics anxiety, lower attribution of success to external factors and effort, as well as in lower attribution of failure to external factors and abilities. Also, gifted achievers have lower attribution of success to effort than gifted under‐achievers and non‐gifted pupils.     

Creative Problem Solving in Teacher Education

Abstract

Colleges typically group students homogeneously in classes by means of both admission requirements and course prerequisites, but when professors form cooperative learning groups within classes they generally use heterogeneous grouping. Authors compared heterogeneously and homogeneously grouped cooperative learning groups in six paired classes, taught by the same professor using matching syllabi and assignments. Overall, homogeneously grouped students (who were grouped based on achievement on the first test given in the course) significantly outperformed heterogeneously grouped students on the final examination. High- or average-achieving students particularly benefited from homogenous grouping. Low achievers did equally well in either type of group.     

教师心理诱导在英语小组学习中的运用

在英语小组合作学习情境中,教师对学生进行心理诱导,建立学习动机,对学习成效进行积极归因,并利用“教师期望效应”与“标签效应”引导学生增强学习积极性和主动性,对提高英语小组合作学习的效率具有实际意义。     

Learning nanotechnology with texts and comics: the impacts on students of different achievement levels

Comics are popular with adolescents because of their features of humor, narrative, and visual imagery. The purposes of this study were to examine the learning outcomes and emotional perceptions of reading a science comic book and a science text booklet for students of different levels of achievement, and to explore the main factors of the two media which attract high-school students to learn science. A mixed-method quasi-experimental design was adopted. The participants were 697 grade ten students from eight schools with different levels of academic achievement. Two similar classes in each of the eight schools were assigned as the comic group or the text group. The results indicated that the science comic book benefited medium achievers more than the science text booklet did, but the contrary result was found for the high achievers. In comparison, the two media benefited the low achievers equally, but both had only a limited effect due to the students’ lack of prior knowledge. We conclude four kinds of evidence, including perceived difficulty of comprehension, reasons for interest/disinterest, emotional perceptions of learning science, and learning time, to support the phenomenon of the learning benefit of media specific to certain achievers’ science learning.