中小学教师专业发展与个人书库建设初探

一、教师专业发展及其丰富内涵对教师学习的诉求目前对"教师专业发展"这一概念的认识与理解呈现不同的看法。有学者将这些认识主要归为三类:第一类是指教师的专业成长过程;第二类是指促进教师专业成长的过程(教师教育);第三类认为是两种涵义兼而有之,并将"教师专业发展"理解为教师个体的专业成长或教师内在专业发展结构不断更新、演进和丰富的过程。笔者比较赞同最后面这种观点。教师专业发展不管是先前在师     

教师学习与专业发展的新审视：成人学习的视域

教师教育长期以来一直处于和缺乏经验、判断力的孩童一样的受教育环境,教师作为成人学习者的特征没有得到充分重视,其独特的需要在教师教育实践中没有得到充分的回应。回归成人学习的相关理论．是理性认识、分析教师专业发展理论和实践的重要前提。回溯相关的成八学习理论,如成人教育学、自我指导学习和质变学习理论的发展,有助于更好地理解成人学习者,理解教师学习的特点,从而更好地指导教师的专业发展。     

成为理解型教师:教师专业发展的终极诉求

成为理解型教师是新课程对教师的必然要求,也是教师专业发展的最终诉求。理解型教师的专业发展有着丰富的内容:在专业思想上,要求教师树立理解即人的存在方式、教学过程即理解过程的理念;在专业知识上,要更关注教师的实践性知识;在专业能力上,要发展教师的理解能力、沟通能力和反思能力。在理解型教师专业发展的四个阶段,教师要善于反思,树立终身学习的理念,开展行动研究,最终成为理解型教师。     

教学型大学教师专业发展——在“个人主义”与“教师合作”之间保持张力

在教学型大学教师专业发展问题上,要客观理解教师"个人主义"的优势,理性看待"教师合作"的利与弊,在教师"个人主义"与"教师合作"之间保持合理张力,才能根除人们对教师"个人主义"的狭隘认知,有利于"教师合作"有效开展,进而,打破教学型大学教师专业发展的滞后现状。     

小原国芳的教师观及其对成人教师专业发展的启示

日本著名教育家小原国芳具有独特的教师观,包括对教师地位的推崇,对教师素养的认识以及对教育教学原则的理解。借鉴小原国芳的教师观,采取相应的措施,包括健全法律法规制度,建立相关资格认证制度,开展校本培训活动,建立教师学习共同体,树立专业发展意识,有助于促进成人教师的专业发展。     

何为教师之专业:教师专业标准比较的视角

为促进教师的专业发展与教育教学质量的提高,各国纷纷研制与修订教师专业标准。这些标准文件在一定高度上确认了教师专业的核心要素,为我们理解教师专业发展及其范畴提供了很有价值的信息。本研究发现,各种教师专业标准在以下方面达成了高度的共识:关于教师专业标准的范畴与领域——专业知识(应知)、专业技能/实践(会做)和专业品质(愿持);关于教师专业发展阶段的划分与要求——根据教师专业发展各个阶段的特质,为每个层次和水平的教师制定相应的标准;关于教师专业发展的核心领域——学会理解、尊重学生,致力于每一位学生的学习与成长;促进学生有效学习的教学实践技能;具有专业反思与终身学习的能力;养成专业合作的品质。     

广西中职教师非正规与非正式学习对教师专业发展的影响

非正规与非正式学习对广西中职教师的专业发展具有重要意义。通过问卷调查和半结构化访谈调研广西中职教师非正规与非正式学习的现状、对教师专业发展的认识、非正规与非正式学习对教师专业发展的影响,并对收集的数据进行量化和定性分析。研究表明,中职教师认可非正规与非正式学习对教师专业发展的有效性。为促进非正规和非正式学习,应为中职教师提供更多与校外同行、专家和企业交流的机会,建立在线学习与交流平台。     

教师视角中的教师专业发展

以“教师视角中的教师专业发展”为主题对中小学教师的调查访谈表明。教师对专业发展的必要性、性质、内容和策略的认识总体上比较到位,但也存在一些偏差;有共识,也反映出个体差异及任教学段上的差异。教师对专业发展的认识能够为教师专业发展活动的开展提供重要的启示。     

何以为师？——实习生的知识转化与身份获得

实习生专业成长过程中的知识转化与身份获得之间是什么关系？本文通过两个案例讨论实习生对教师知识、身份和两者关系的认识,及其对他们知识转化和身份认同的影响。研究发现,对实习生而言,知识与身份相互嵌套、紧密关联。他们对教师工作核心知识的认识在很大程度上决定了他们对教师身份的理解和认同,反之亦然。这表明,教师教育既要注重师范生学科知识的学习,也要注重他们教育性知识的发展。过于狭隘地将教师的学科知识作为其专业活动与教师身份的惟一合法基础,可能阻碍实习生的教师身份认同,误导他们对教育教学的理解。     

立足课堂的教师发展可能

当人们越来越多地通过研究课堂来促进教师专业发展时,"基于课堂的教师发展理论"(CBTD)以具体、细致的分析揭示了课堂中的各种因素对促进教师发展的可能性,强调了课堂中存在的焦点、权力、环境、关联点、行动等对于激发教师的个人学习、教师与教师之间的合作学习、教师与学生之间的合作学习的独特作用。这对我们深入理解和认识校本教研、研究课堂的必要性与可行性提供了理论基础。     

成人学习理论下教师教育与教师专业发展再思考

研究目的在于应用成人学习理论指导教师教育的实践,促进教师专业发展。首先,通过诺尔斯的成人教育学理论分析了成人学习理论对教师教育的适用性,探究各个成人学习论对教师教育的指导作用和对教师发展的促进作用,构建了较为完整的指导框架。然后,分别阐述了自我导向学习理论指导下教师教育生成内生动力,促进教师知识发展;转化学习理论对于教师教育提供新途径,促进教师伦理发展;熟练理论指导教师教育产生外部动力,帮助提升教师专业能力;情境学习理论指导下创设多元的教师教育环境,丰富教师实践经验。最后,成人学习理论于教师教育领域具有很强的适用性,应充分尊重教师成人身份和主体地位。     

维果茨基社会文化理论视域中的教师专业发展

维果茨基的社会文化理论采用多维方法,特别关注个体认知、情感、社会和情境方面的变化,对我们理解教师的学习和发展模式提供了新的视角。考察了社会中介的概念,它是维果茨基学习理论与现有教师专业发展模式之间缺失的环节。新教师可以使用各种工具,包括专业期刊、通信工具、在线论坛、互联网、相关软件、实习或实习脚手架的内部或外部来源,促进专业发展并逐步成长为专家教师。讨论了拟议方法对设计和实施教师专业发展的各种影响,将教师专业发展与维果茨基的社会文化理论的核心原则联系起来。     

Accountability or authenticity? The alignment of professional development and teacher evaluation

The alignment of professional development and teacher evaluation has been a growing concern in teacher professional development practices. The issue of how teacher evaluation can help authentic professional development is important in that teachers only learn what is real, useful and valuable to them. Based on our reflections on current professional development in Taiwan, this article challenges the dominant evaluation-led approach to professional development, in which much attention and energy of policy-makers and educators is devoted to establishing extensive programmes and standards that might not be relevant to teachers’ concerns. We draw upon Habermas’ notion of system and lifeworld to sense-make and to theorise why it can be difficult for teachers to engage the entirety of their personhood with a policy agenda of pursuing system integration and efficiency whereby teachers’ learning actions become strategic. We argue for considering teacher development from an alternative, lifeworld perspective in which teachers and teachers’ subjectivities in striving to achieve what matters and makes sense to them are placed centre stage. Although the evaluation mechanism plays a role in avoiding the devolution of professional development into mere subjectivism, it is reductive to treat teacher professional development not only as distinct but also as requiring evaluation items and overlooking the importance of maintaining teacher development as a tacit, authentic process of knowing. We finally juxtapose the two approaches and their contrasting characteristics and describe implications for planning teacher professional development so that policy-makers and educators can reflect on their mindsets and implementation and modify their programme planning and strategies accordingly.     

Blended teacher professional development: A synthesis of three program evaluations

This study synthesized the findings of three program evaluations of teacher blended professional development programs from the perspective of situated design and implementation, development of community, changes in teacher practice, and impact on students. We found that the blended programs were effective in providing teachers with an opportunity for learning on the job and collaborating with other teachers, and they influenced teacher classroom practice moderately and affected student learning to a limited extent. Our study supports the contention that blended learning is a viable model for teacher professional development.     

国际教师专业学习研究的文献计量分析

文章采取文献计量学的分析方法,对1998—2018年国际教师专业学习研究的分布特征、前沿演进、热点主题、知识基础等做了系统的梳理和分析。研究表明:国际教师专业学习研究前沿热点主要集中在对不同专业发展阶段教师专业学习研究、技术整合与教师专业学习研究和教师专业学习影响因素研究。教师专业学习研究多以情境理论为理论基础,并提倡复杂理论研究视角。教师专业学习的本质是提升教师知识与技能,改变教师信念与态度,建议采用量化和质性相结合的研究方法。     

绩效评价：教师专业发展的引领和激励

探讨并分析了教师绩效结构的五个维度,即师德、学科素养、课堂教学、学生学习和班主任工作。提出教师绩效评价必然将教师的专业发展与学生的全面发展相联系;必须基于教育教学改善、专业思考和协商参与,增进教师对教育教学的理解并改善实践;必须促使教师从个体竞争走向团体竞争。     

Differences in teachers’ comments on classroom events as indicators of their professional development

This study aims at identifying indicators of schoolteachers’ professional development by learning teachers’ perceptual and thinking capabilities of classroom events as reflected in their comments. The analysis of comments produced by novice and expert teachers on videotaped lesson activities, based mainly on the grounded theory strategy, revealed that expert teachers are more sensitive towards certain instructional events and to general teaching strategy used by the model teacher than novice teachers. The findings of this study might be useful for promoting student teachers’ professional sensitivity towards relevant features of classroom instruction and atmosphere in pre-service teacher education programs.     

从培训到赋能:后疫情时期教师专业发展的蓝图构建

此次疫情期间的“停课不停学”给广大教师带来了巨大挑战,如何在短时间内提升教师的在线教学能力?这成为整个教育系统都在思考的问题。由于任务紧迫、挑战真实,疫情期间的教师培训呈现出诸多不同于常规培训的特征,对其进行梳理反思,有助于我们描绘后疫情时期的教师专业发展蓝图。研究先是梳理总结了疫情期间教育部及各省、市的教师培训实施特色,认为此期间的教师培训打破了目标、方式、地点、资源、评估等多方面的思维定式,从而赋能教师,使他们在自己的工作岗位上更好地保障学生学业;接下来,分析了在后疫情时期持续赋能面临的两个关键问题:需求专业诊断与持续学习动机,并从信息技术与评估方式视角提出可行的解决路径;最后,以解决路径为关键杠杆,以赋能为理念基础,从数据驱动的全视角教师档案与应用驱动的创新培训模式互动融合两个方面构建了后疫情时期的教师专业发展模型。     

Affordances of teacher professional learning in secondary schools

It is commonly understood that teachers in secondary school should develop throughout their career in order to stay as an essential factor in student learning. Schools can offer opportunities to link teachers’ professional learning to their school practice with a positive impact on teachers’ motivation to learn and the effectiveness of their learning. In this field study, teachers, school leaders, policy-makers, educational consultants and educational scholars were asked for their perceptions of conditions for teacher learning in school and of interventions in school to enhance teacher professional learning. These conditions and interventions were understood as affordances in schools that enable and support teacher professional learning. The main affordance in school these stakeholders mentioned was an open, but critical way in which teachers share their practices, collaborate and reflect upon their teaching practice. Collaborative practices seem to stimulate many interventions of teacher professional learning in school. Two implications of this finding are discussed. First, we suggest that the maximum teaching time should be reduced, team teaching should be more implemented or classes should be scheduled in such a way that teachers can meet. Second, distributed leadership approaches match with our findings about the role of school leaders in teacher professional learning.     

虚拟学习社区环境下教师协作学习的问题与实证

教师培训作为促进教师专业化发展的重要途径,当前主要存在培训主题“行政化”、培训形式单一化、培训内容理论化、培训时间间断化和培训受益面相对窄化等弊端。虚拟学习社区环境下协作学习为教师专业发展提供了一条可持续发展的途径。虚拟学习环境下教师协作学习的理论基础包括支架理论、替代性学习理论和群体动力学理论,协作学习的类型可分为机械协作和有机协作两种。为了探究虚拟学习社区环境下持不同活动策略的主持者在促进教师协作学习的互动效果及其差异,项目组实施了案例研究,结果表明：在活动主持者动机水平一致的情况下,持解答式活动策略的主持者比持启发式活动策略的主持者更能促进教师协作学习的互动效果;教师在学习活动中应重视角色的作用,关爱学生的内心体验,重视自身学习能力的提升。