论数字图书馆知识管理工具

本文从知识分类、组织管理、网站建设、数据库连接、一站式检索、知识咨询服务等方面对知识管理工具在数字图书馆的知识生产、知识编码与提炼、知识传输管理以及知识服务中发挥的重大作用进行了阐述，并介绍了数字图书馆知识管理流程及其工具的应用，展望知识管理工具的发展方向。     

利用知识网格构建数字图书馆知识服务平台

网格是高性能计算机、数据资源、因特网三种技术的有机组合和发展,如何有效地发现和获取信息、知识是网格技术应用的关键问题。利用知识网格构建数字图书馆知识服务平台,有利于实现信息、知识的有效共享与服务的智能化,推动知识管理的革命。文章介绍了知识网格的概念及研究的核心问题,着重论述了知识网格在数字图书馆知识服务中的应用以及构建数字图书馆知识服务平台所面临的技术挑战。     

我国数字图书馆运行模式研究——基于公共文化事业和泛在知识环境视角

数字图书馆是网络时代人们获取信息和知识的重要来源。伴随着数字图书馆实践的深入,各国政府都认识到数字图书馆的开发和利用在国家信息化战略、公共文化事业等方面的重要作用。文章借鉴了申农的通信系统模型,构建了基于公共文化事业和泛在知识环境的数字图书馆运行模式,并通过中国国家数字图书馆工程和美国记忆对该模式进行了分析。     

“数字图书馆研究”知识生态圈的可视化分析

从知识生态视角,分析构成学术研究的知识生态圈的核心要素和质量影响要素,以“数字图书馆研究”为对象,利用可视化工具Citespace II,基于Web of Science 数据库,以2000-2011年间关于数字图书馆的数据为样本,对“数字图书馆研究”知识生态圈的构成要素进行可视化分析,为揭示数字图书馆学术研究的内在规律提供参考。     

论数字图书馆的知识组织

数字图书馆的知识组织是一个亟待探索的现实问题。文章阐述了数字图书馆的知识组织方式,包括文件方式、数据库方式、主题树方式、超媒体方式、知识库方式和集成化搜索引擎方式。论述了数字图书馆的4种知识组织策略：（1）采用分类主题一体化模式来组织数字图书馆的知识;（2）采用元数据来组织数字图书馆的知识;（3）采用集成分类法、主题词表和语义元数据构造数字图书馆知识组织系统;（4）采用专家系统来组织数字图书馆的知识。     

数字图书馆的知识组织系统

数字图书馆的发展历程表明,数字图书馆实行由信息提供向知识提供的转变,是其产生和发展的必然趋势,也是其迎接知识经济挑战与时俱进的必然选择。数字图书馆信息提供的知识化,必然要求数字图书馆对其数字化信息资源进行知识组织。本文主要对知识组织系统的概念、功能、类型进行了简单的介绍,同时提出了如何在数字图书馆中策划和实施知识组织系统,希望为我国的数字图书馆的知识组织系统建设有所帮助。     

数字图书馆知识利用策略研究

数字图书馆是网络信息资源组织的有效方式,其馆藏知识资源的有效利用更是对它存在价值的充分体现,而阐述数字图书馆知识资源利用的重要性、面临的挑战、和未来数字图书馆知识利用的策略则成为此文的重中之重。     

数字图书馆文献传递服务的著作权保护问题调查与分析

剖析我国自建特色数据库的文献传递服务、学位论文数据库的文献传递服务、自建文献传递原文库、引进数据库的文献传递服务过程中存在的著作权侵权问题,并以CASHL文献传递服务网站和44所数字图书馆文献传递服务网站为调查对象,针对服务过程中的著作权保护措施展开调查,以此来窥视我国数字图书馆文献传递服务过程中的著作权保护现状和存在的不足,为规避文献传递服务过程中的著作权侵权问题提供参考依据。     

数字图书馆知识服务平台的构建

在知识经济时代,人们对知识与信息的巨大需求是图书馆事业发展的最大机遇和着眼点.数字图书馆的知识服务是指图书馆利用馆藏知识信息资源和知识设备,满足社会和广大用户知识需求的服务活动.数字图书馆通过对信息的分析和重组,形成符合用户需求的知识,或帮助用户找到解决方案,有利于知识的系统、广泛传播.……     

数据库水印技术在数字图书馆版权保护中的应用

在分布式计算机网络环境中,数字图书馆是数字化信息资源的有效组织形式,而数据库的开发和利用是数字图书馆资源建设和读者服务的核心内容。数据库的知识产权保护已成为数字图书馆的热点问题。从数字图书馆中知识产权的保护问题出发,阐述了数据库水印技术在数字图书馆版权保护中的实际应用。     

图书馆职业如何承担起保护中国乡土知识的职能

文章根据对乡土知识的定义、意义和现状的分析,提出图书馆职业在保护乡土知识中所具有的优势和应当担负的责任.认为中国图书馆应该肩负起保护乡土知识的使命,并针对不同类型图书馆的特点提出了一些具体的建议.     

高校图书馆在公共文化服务中的知识传播效应

本文从高校图书馆在公共文化服务体系建设中的作用这一视角,论述了高校图书馆在公共文化服务中的知识传播效应。从社会效应看,高校图书馆在面向社会进行知识传播中会产生和谐文化效应和教育社会化效应,同时又有提升自身的社会形象效应。从经济效应看,集中体现在知识溢出效应、文化扶贫效应、资源优化效应三个方面。     

Challenges confronting libraries in documentation and communication of indigenous knowledge in Nigeria

Indigenous knowledge (IK) and practices are usually unwritten, relying on oral transmission and on memory. This reliance often led to distortions. IK is relevant for development especially in arts, music, language, agriculture, medicine, crafts, theatre and natural resources management. It then becomes imperative that indigenous knowledge be documented and communicated as necessary to obtain its benefit where applicable. Nigeria needs to participate fully in the global exchange and dissemination of information to develop socially and economically. The paper reviews the documentation of IK for communication in print, audiovisual and electronic forms and highlights the challenges confronting libraries in documentation and communication of IK in Nigeria. It is suggested that libraries should coordinate their activities in this area and co-operate with other stakeholders, government and other funding agencies in tackling these challenges.     

Challenges confronting libraries in documentation and communication of indigenous knowledge in Nigeria

Indigenous knowledge (IK) and practices are usually unwritten, relying on oral transmission and on memory. This reliance often led to distortions. IK is relevant for development especially in arts, music, language, agriculture, medicine, crafts, theatre and natural resources management. It then becomes imperative that indigenous knowledge be documented and communicated as necessary to obtain its benefit where applicable. Nigeria needs to participate fully in the global exchange and dissemination of information to develop socially and economically. The paper reviews the documentation of IK for communication in print, audiovisual and electronic forms and highlights the challenges confronting libraries in documentation and communication of IK in Nigeria. It is suggested that libraries should coordinate their activities in this area and co-operate with other stakeholders, government and other funding agencies in tackling these challenges.     

数字图书馆与数字化学习、知识管理 ——也谈《中国知识资源总库》及CNKI网格资源共享平台、“中国知网”门户的设计思想

数字图书馆是当今探索知识资源社会共享和增值利用的重要模式，但其资源建设、管理与信息服务的观念和体制，与现代知识生产、传播的产业化机制存在本质性矛盾，对知识资源社会共享和自身的长远发展构成了根本性障碍。解决这一关键性问题，需要在培育和建立符合信息化条件下知识传播和文化产业发展规律的市场机制的同时，以数字化学习平台与知识管理平台为主要应用模式，规范建立以数字图书馆为主导的知识传播共享与增值利用的互联网出版平台。     

Managing indigenous knowledge for sustainable agricultural development in developing countries: Knowledge management approaches in the social context

This paper is based on a PhD study (Lwoga, 2009) that sought to assess the application of knowledge management (KM) approaches in managing indigenous knowledge (IK) for sustainable agricultural practices in developing countries, with a specific focus on Tanzania. This study used a mixed-research method which was conducted in six districts of Tanzania. Non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups were used to collect primary data from small-scale farmers in the selected districts. A total of 181 farmers participated in the semi-structured interviews, where the respondents ranged between 27 and 37 per district. Twelve focus group discussions were conducted in the selected districts. The study revealed that IK was acquired and shared within a small, weak and spontaneous network, and thus knowledge loss was prevalent in the surveyed communities. There were distinct variations in the acquisition of agricultural IK both in different locations and between genders. Information and communication technologies (ICT), culture, trust, and status influenced the sharing and distribution of IK in the surveyed communities. The research findings showed that KM models can be used to manage and integrate IK with other knowledge systems, taking the differences into account (for example, gender, location, culture, infrastructure). The paper concludes with recommendations for the application of KM approaches for the management of IK and its integration with other knowledge systems for agricultural development in developing countries, including Tanzania.     

Managing indigenous knowledge for sustainable agricultural development in developing countries: Knowledge management approaches in the social context

This paper is based on a PhD study (Lwoga, 2009) that sought to assess the application of knowledge management (KM) approaches in managing indigenous knowledge (IK) for sustainable agricultural practices in developing countries, with a specific focus on Tanzania. This study used a mixed-research method which was conducted in six districts of Tanzania. Non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups were used to collect primary data from small-scale farmers in the selected districts. A total of 181 farmers participated in the semi-structured interviews, where the respondents ranged between 27 and 37 per district. Twelve focus group discussions were conducted in the selected districts. The study revealed that IK was acquired and shared within a small, weak and spontaneous network, and thus knowledge loss was prevalent in the surveyed communities. There were distinct variations in the acquisition of agricultural IK both in different locations and between genders. Information and communication technologies (ICT), culture, trust, and status influenced the sharing and distribution of IK in the surveyed communities. The research findings showed that KM models can be used to manage and integrate IK with other knowledge systems, taking the differences into account (for example, gender, location, culture, infrastructure). The paper concludes with recommendations for the application of KM approaches for the management of IK and its integration with other knowledge systems for agricultural development in developing countries, including Tanzania.     

校园文化建设背景下的高校人物档案开发利用

高校人物档案是学校真实的历史记录,是校园文化建设的基础。以高校人物档案资源开发利用为切入点,挖掘提炼人物档案中蕴含的史料价值,参与校园智慧型景观文化建设,培育知行合一的校园行为文化,拓展新媒体传播力,整合优化档案资源服务,弘扬大学文化,助力校园文化建设。     

Providing Cognitively Just Subject Access to Indigenous Knowledge through Knowledge Organization Systems

This article explores cognitively just, reliable subject access to indigenous knowledge through knowledge organization systems (KOSs). Cognitive justice requires that indigenous people be able to access materials in a way that respects their worldview, yet dominant KOSs are based on positivist, Western approaches that are fundamentally incompatible. Alternatives to universal systems include the creation of new KOSs and the adaptation of universal ones. Going forward, emerging web technologies are presented as key to moving away from universalist schemes and toward specialized access.     

NAGPRA: Effective Repatriation Programs and Cultural Change in Museums

A survey of museums in the United States sought to identify evidence of broad impact on the organisational culture and practices of museums in their relatioships with indiginous peoples as a result of the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act 1990 (NAGPRA). NAGPRA establishes a process for the repatriation of human remains and other specified items held in museum collections to Native Americans who can prove they are lineal descendants or members of tribes which are culturally affiliated with identified items covered by the legislation. Effective repatriation programs are characterised by: * a genuine belief in the primary rights of indigenous people in the management of their cultural material presently held in museum collections; * a commitment to greater collaboration between the museum and indigenous people in the management of scientific research and public programs pertaining to items of indigenous cultural heritage; * practices which are indicative of an organisational culture which acts in ways which go beyond the minimum requirements of the legislation. Our research shows that museums are engaging in consultation with indigenous people in the management of collections of indigenous cultural heritage, and that this engagement is influencing conservation strategies. Museums espouse goals which promote external consultation, the involvement of indigenous people in their activities, respect for the cultural goals of indigenous people and a commitment to increasing public awareness of indigenous cultural heritage and social issues. However, only in the areas where NAGPRA has mandated it should happen—collections of human remains and secret/sacred material—is there evidence of communication and consultation, commitment of resources and sharing of authority with indigenous people consistent with the outcomes intended under NAGPRA.