组织创新氛围与员工创新行为——一个混合机制模型

本文以调查问卷方法对组织创新氛围与员工创新行为的中间机制进行了实证研究。基于280份有效员工样本数据,采用结构方程模型方法的分析结果表明：组织创新氛围对员工创新行为具有正向影响;组织支持感与组织承诺在创新氛围与创新行为间起到中介作用;绩效薪酬在组织创新氛围与组织支持感间起负向调节作用,同时创新自我效能感在组织情感承诺与创新行为之间起正向调节作用。研究为组织创新氛围对员工创新行为的影响机制具有理论贡献,同时为组织提升员工创新行为给予借鉴。     

工作自主性对知识获取行为的影响机制———基于复杂产品研发项目管理者的证据

复杂产品研发项目管理者基于项目需求的知识获取行为对于实现项目目标至关重要，利用宽松的工作环境提升研发项目管理者的知识获取行为是创新管理的一种思路。通过对245份问卷数据的实证分析，探讨了工作自主性对复杂产品研发项目管理者知识获取行为的影响机制。研究发现，复杂产品研发项目管理团队的工作自主性正向影响其项目管理者的知识获取行为，项目管理者的创新自我效能感在上述关系中具有中介作用，项目组织间的网络关系质量既调节了工作自主性与项目管理者知识获取行为之间的关系，又调节了工作自主性与项目管理者创新自我效能感之间的关系，网络关系质量对项目管理者的创新自我效能感在工作自主性对其知识获取行为影响中的中介效应具有调节作用。研究结论对优化研发项目管理，加快复杂产品系统产业技术创新具有一定的启示。     

研发人员的成败经历、创造力效能感与创新行为的关系：主管支持的调节作用

基于社会认知理论,本文分析了亲历的和同事的成败对研发人员创新行为的影响,以及主管支持的调节作用。问卷调查研究发现：①成败经历通过创造力效能感的部分中介作用,对研发人员创新行为产生间接影响,其中成功经历的影响是积极的,失败经历的影响是消极的;②主管支持对成功经历或失败经历与创造力效能感的关系都起到负向调节作用,即在高水平主管支持情形下,成功经历和失败经历对创造力效能感的影响都相对较弱;③在高水平主管支持情形下,由于主管支持对“成败经历→创造力效能感”的调节作用,成功经历和失败经历通过创造力效能感的中介作用,对创新行为的间接作用也相对较弱;④主管支持缓和了失败经历对研发人员创新行为的消极影响（总效应）。     

绩效薪酬、创新自我效能感与创新行为关系研究

科学合理的绩效薪酬对于高技术企业员工具有重要的激励作用。文章以江苏高技术企业192名研发人员的数据为样本,利用SPSS16.0及AMOS7.0软件探讨了绩效薪酬与探索式创新行为和利用式创新行为之间的关系。研究结果表明,绩效薪酬对探索式创新行为成先扬后抑的倒U形关系,对利用式创新行为也有显著的正向影响;创新自我效能感对绩效薪酬与利用式创新行为之间的关系起正向调节作用。研究结论为高技术企业在创新管理实践中优化薪酬决策提供了重要的实践启示。     

绩效薪酬、创新自我效能感与创新行为关系研究——基于江苏高新技术企业研发人员的实证分析

科学合理的绩效薪酬对于高技术企业员工具有重要的激励作用。以江苏高技术企业192名研发人员的数据为样本,利用SPSS16.0及AMOS7.0软件探讨绩效薪酬与探索式创新行为和利用式创新行为之间的关系。研究结果表明,绩效薪酬对探索式创新行为成先扬后抑的倒U形关系,对利用式创新行为也有显著的正向影响;创新自我效能感对绩效薪酬与利用式创新行为之间的关系起正向调节作用。研究结论为高新技术企业在创新管理实践中优化薪酬决策提供重要的实践启示。     

回任适应对回任人员创新行为的影响研究

本文以跨国公司回任人员为研究对象,将回任适应分为工作适应、人际适应和环境适应三个维度,实证研究回任适应对回任人员创新行为的影响,探讨知识转移的中介作用和创新自我效能的调节作用,构建有调节的中介模型。160位来自我国20家跨国公司的回任人员的研究结果表明：工作适应、人际适应和环境适应均对知识转移具有显著的正面影响,知识转移对创新行为具有显著的正面影响,同时,知识转移在工作适应、人际适应、环境适应和创新行为之间起部分中介作用,创新自我效能在知识转移与创新行为之间起调节作用。此外,有调节的中介检验表明创新自我效能调节知识转移在回任适应与创新行为之间所起的中介效应,即中介关系在高创新自我效能下比低创新自我效能下更强。     

组织创新氛围对员工创新行为的混合影响机制

本文以调查问卷方法对组织创新氛围与员工创新行为的中间机制进行了实证研究。基于280份有效员工样本数据,采用结构方程模型方法的分析结果表明:组织创新氛围对员工创新行为具有正向影响;组织支持感与组织承诺在创新氛围与创新行为间起到中介作用;绩效薪酬在组织创新氛围与组织支持感间起负向调节作用,同时创新自我效能感在组织情感承诺与创新行为之间起正向调节作用。研究为组织创新氛围对员工创新行为的影响机制具有理论贡献,同时为组织提升员工创新行为给予借鉴。     

研发人员的成败经历与创新行为的关系研究

基于社会认知理论,本文分析了研发成败经历对研发人员创新行为的影响,以及主管支持的调节作用。以248名研发人员为对象的问卷调查研究发现:1)成败经历通过创造力效能感的部分中介作用对研发人员创新行为产生间接影响,其中成功经历的影响是积极的,失败经历的影响是消极的;2)主管支持对成功经历或失败经历与创造力效能感的关系都起到负向调节作用,因此,在高水平主管支持情形下,成功经历和失败经历通过创造力效能感的中介作用对创新行为的间接作用相对较弱;3)主管支持缓和了失败经历对研发人员创新行为的消极影响(总效应)。     

领导授权赋能对员工创新行为的影响机制研究——不确定性规避和差错管理氛围的调节作用周劲波

影响员工创新行为的因素众多。本研究基于授权赋能和社会认知理论的视角,通过对高新技术新创企业员工的调研,探究领导授权赋能对员工创新行为的影响路径及作用机制。研究发现：领导授权赋能对员工创新行为有明显的促进作用；创新自我效能感在领导授权赋能对员工创新行为的影响中起部分中介作用；不确定性规避在领导授权赋能对创新自我效能感的影响中起负向调节作用,差错管理氛围在创新自我效能感对员工创新行为的影响中起正向调节作用。     

知识重组与突破式创新：促进vs抑制？——研发人员稳定性与外部研发合作的调节效应

企业知识重组会改变现有技术轨迹,推进原创性技术突破,从而提升核心竞争力;同时,突破式创新受限于内外部情境差异下企业知识重组效能的发挥。文章基于知识基础观探索知识重组对企业突破式创新的影响机理,并利用2006—2018年计算机通信及电子设备制造业252家上市公司数据进行实证研究。结果表明：知识重组再利用负向影响突破式创新,知识重组创造正向影响突破式创新;研发人员稳定性在知识重组创造与突破式创新的关系中起到正向调节作用;学研合作在知识重组再利用与突破式创新的负向关系中起到的正向调节作用大于企业合作;学研合作比企业合作在知识重组创造与突破式创新之间的正向关系的正向调节作用更强。     

Impacts of government incentives towards industrial innovation: An analysis of the federal programme funding R&D personnel in the Federal Republic of Germany

Against a background of deteriorating national and international economic conditions, increasing importance is being attached by political administrations to the innovative capacities of small and medium-sized firms with respect to the employment situation and to international competitiveness. Consequently, government support of research, development and innovation in these companies has taken a marked upward turn since the late seventies, both in the Federal Republic of Germany and in other industrialized Western countries.The actual impacts of some of these programmes are at present under study by the Fraunhofer-Institut für Systemtechnik und Innovationsforschung (ISI). This paper is an outline of the results of a study of the largest current programme funding R&D and innovation in small and medium-sized firms by offering grants towards the costs of R&D personnel. The impact analysis is being conducted in two rounds: the first round of studies, which is the subject of this report, took place in 1980/1981 and was designed to examine the discernible short-term effects and characteristics of the programme. The second round is planned for 1983/1984 as a summary of the impacts of the programme over the first five years of its term of effect.The subjects of investigation are the quantitative and qualitative changes in R&D activities caused by the programme in the firms under study and the contribution the programme can make to strengthen innovative and competitive capabilities. The conditions underlying the programme are reviewed critically, especially in order to see whether the barriers to innovation and the weak spots assumed did in fact exist in the firms examined. The administrative management, “free rider”-effects, and factors restricting impacts are investigated along with such questions as whether firms located in peripheral regions were reached by the programme to the same extent as firms in conurbation areas. Furthermore, the reasons for non-participation of firms are analyzed.The example of the federal programme funding R&D personnel thus is used in this impact analysis in an attempt to provide empirical data on the significance, the range, and the limits of such a government instrument promoting R&D and innovation in small and medium-sized firms.     

从外部知识获取到内部创新能力：员工信息素养的调节效应

通过对257家新兴企业中高层管理者和研发人员的调查数据,本文研究了员工信息素养对外部知识效应的影响,重点分析了员工信息素养对外部知识获取与内部创新能力之间关系的调节效应,并运用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）技术探讨了企业规模对员工信息素养的制约效应。结果表明：员工信息素养对技术知识和市场知识的吸收效果均有促进作用;此外,企业规模越大,员工信息素养对技术知识与创新能力之间关系的促进作用越小。本研究结论不仅丰富了员工素养与企业创新等领域的理论空间,同时也为战略性新兴产业企业在开放式创新环境下有效提高员工信息素养、增强外部知识吸收、提升创新能力和创新绩效提供了实践指导。     

Motivational antecedents to high-tech R&D employees' innovative work behavior: Self-determined motivation,person-organization fit,organization support of creativity,and pay justice

Employees' innovative work behavior (IWB) contributes to organizational innovativeness in the form of new processes, products, and services, and therefore it is worthwhile to examine motivational antecedents of employees' IWB. This study analyzes the relationship between motivation forms from self-determination theory and the concept of person-organization (PO) fit to provide insight into some of the factors that can influence high-tech R&D employees' IWB. Survey data from R&D employees in three high-tech organizations show that employees with higher levels of PO fit have higher levels of autonomous (identified and intrinsic) work motivation and that autonomously motivated employees engage in more frequent IWB. Autonomous motivation forms mediate PO fit's relationship with IWB. Furthermore, pay justice (i.e., distributive justice) and organization support of creativity are significantly associated with PO fit, indicating that these may be useful for managers to consider in relation to employee fit, motivation, and innovative work behavior. Ultimately, managers interested in fostering innovative behavior of R&D employees would be prudent to seek congruence between employee and organization values and support employees' autonomous motivation.     

Knowledge integration in the shadow of tacit spillovers: Empirical evidence from U.S. R&D labs

Integrating knowledge across a firm's value chain (e.g. between R&D, marketing and manufacturing functions), which we denote “Knowledge Integration” (KI), has been consistently found to be a strong predictor of product innovation performance in the management literature. Such cross-functional integration does not occur by chance, but by design, as a result of managerial practices and organizational arrangements. The significant heterogeneity characterizing the diffusion of cross-functional integration across firms is suggestive of the well-known tension between internal and external diffusion of knowledge. In this paper, we argue that the hidden cost of KI is to expose firms to a higher risk of knowledge leakages and provide the first systematic empirical evidence of this apparent tension between internal and external knowledge flows. Based on data from the CMU Survey (one of the rare datasets offering observables on both sides of the tension for a representative set of R&D active firms in the US), we investigate the impact of knowledge spillovers to competitors on internal cross-functional knowledge integration involving the R&D function among manufacturing firms. We find that the intensity of (tacit) R&D knowledge spillovers at the industry-level has a negative and significant impact on the likelihood that firms adopt or achieve KI. Our results therefore suggest that firms may trade their optimal innovative performance against superior appropriability of their rents.     

高新技术企业研发人员跨界行为何以激励探索式创新？——一个有调节的中介效应模型

运用资源依赖理论，构建研发人员跨界行为、知识重构影响企业探索式创新的有调节的中介效应模型，运用259份有效问卷通过层次回归、bootstrap等数据分析方法进行实证分析，研究研发人员跨界行为对探索式创新的影响机制并进一步证明环境动荡性的调节作用。研究结果表明，研发人员跨界行为能够显著提高高新技术企业探索式创新；研发人员跨界行为对探索式创新的影响主要通过知识重构介导；环境动荡性增强了研发人员跨界行为对探索式创新的影响。     

战略联盟中组织学习、知识创造与创新绩效的实证研究

 本文探讨了战略联盟中组织学习、知识创造与企业创新绩效间的关系。我们假设企业向合作伙伴学习新知识不仅会直接影响企业的创新活动,还会通过知识创造的中介作用间接影响企业创新的绩效。我们使用127个德国联盟企业数据的统计结果表明,两个假设都获得了通过。得出如下结论：联盟企业在通过学习获取外部知识的同时更应注重在企业边界内创造新知识,从而提高其创新能力和绩效水平。     

Sourcing technological knowledge through corporate acquisition: Evidence from an international sample of high technology firms

We investigate the prevalence of the motive to source technological knowledge externally through corporate acquisition. Drawing on make-or-buy and organizational learning theories, we infer the implications of this explanation for the acquirers' pre-acquisition innovative characteristics. Using an international sample of 6106 high technology acquisitions during 1984–2000, we assess the contribution of innovative characteristics to the acquisition likelihood. For firms acquiring small private firms and former subsidiaries—but not public targets—the evidence is consistent with three propositions: (1) A firm's commitment to internal R&D is negatively affected by the decision to acquire; (2) Low R&D productivity increases the likelihood of acquisition; (3) A large knowledge stock predisposes firms to acquire because they perceive they are capable of selecting and absorbing targets. We conclude that acquisitions of small private firms and former subsidiaries are a viable R&D strategy to explore a range of potential future innovation trajectories for large public firms.     

为何“君命不受”？：违命创新行为的影响因素及模式——基于科技型企业新生代员工的实证研究

以AMO理论为基础探讨违命创新行为的影响因素及模式,采用回归分析和模糊集定性比较分析法对491份科技型企业新生代员工问卷进行分析,得出如下结论:员工创造力自我效能感对其违命创新行为有正向影响,员工自恋主义倾向对其违命创新行为不存在显著影响,员工工作自主性对其违命创新行为具有正向影响;触发员工违命创新行为的前因构型有两类,即"创造力自我效能感×工作自主性"和"工作自主性×自恋主义倾向",其中机会要素是关键因素,工作自主性在能力要素、动机要素和机会要素三者的协同效应中起着决定性的作用。研究得到的主要管理启示包括:给予员工更多的工作自主权;重视培养和提升员工的创造力自我效能;正确认识员工的自恋主义倾向。