太极拳运动对血脂异常患者血脂和免疫球蛋白的干预作用

以中老年血脂异常患者为对象，观察太极拳运动干预对血脂及免疫机能的影响。结果显示，16周太极拳锻炼不仅改善了血脂异常患者的血脂及脂蛋白代谢状况，而且显著提高机体免疫球蛋白水平。表明适量运动对防治血脂异常及有效地降低心血管疾病危险性具有积极的作用。     

不同锻炼方式对老年人脂蛋白代谢和抗氧化能力的影响

为探讨不同锻炼方式对老年人健身防病的作用,测定了长期坚持锻炼的老年男性受试者血脂和脂蛋白代谢等指标变化。结果表明：长期坚持长跑和太极拳锻炼,能显著改善老年人脂蛋白代谢状况,健身长跑锻炼能显著提高机体的抗氧化能力     

习太极拳人血液流变学、血脂、血清钙磷等指标的追踪研究

连续两年为２８名长期从事太极拳运动的老年男子进行了血液流变学、血脂、骨钙磷代谢等指标的测定。结果表明：１．长期坚持太极拳运动可明显改善以血粘度为代表的血液流变学指标，２．可调节脂类代谢、降低血脂，增加ＨＤＬ－Ｃ及ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ比值，３．有效地减少机体骨矿物质的自然丢失，改善骨钙磷代谢。     

太极拳运动对2型糖尿病患者血脂成分及胰岛素抵抗的影响

为了进一步揭示太极拳锻炼对2型糖尿病影响的机制,文章以16名中老年肥胖者为对象,观察了太极拳锻炼前后血脂成分和胰岛素敏感性等指标的变化,经过20周太极拳运动后,患者血清TG、LDL-C、GHbA1c、FPG等成分明显降低,HDL-C水平则明显升高(p<0.01),ISI明显下降,说明太极拳运动可以改善2型糖尿病患者血脂成分,有助于胰岛素抵抗功能的改善。     

太极拳对中老人健身效果的研究现状及展望

收集分析了近10年来国内外有关太极拳对中老年人健身效果的相关文献,得出结论:1)长期太极拳练习对中老年人心肺功能、免疫功能、心理健康水平、运动机能、细胞因子及血脂代谢功能均有显著促进作用,是中老年人群理想的锻炼方式;2)不同太极拳系之间的横向比较、太极拳健身效果的特异性研究、太极拳健身效果显效规律研究以及太极拳对上肢协控能力影响的研究较少,将来需加强.     

太极拳锻炼对老年健康状况的影响

本文运用文献资料法、实验法对从事太极拳锻炼的老年人血脂含量进行测定,探讨太极拳对老年人健身作用的生理机制。结果表明：经过长时间太极拳锻炼的老年人整体血脂状况均有所改善,且效果明显。通过锻炼,老年人高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）的水平升高,达到预防动脉粥样硬化和冠心病的效果等作用。     

太极拳运动对老年肥胖Ⅱ型糖尿病患者神经肽Y的影响

目的：本文通过对老年肥胖Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血浆神经肽Y水平的对比研究，探讨太极拳运动对老年肥胖Ⅱ型糖尿病患者产生作用的神经内分泌机制。方法：选取老年肥胖Ⅱ型糖尿病患者16人，按自愿原则分为两组，一组为太极拳运动组(10人)，另一组为随意运动组(6人)。各自进行每天1小时，为期3个月的运动锻炼，观察锻炼前及锻炼后空腹、安静状态下的血浆神经肽Y(NPY)水平、血糖和体重指数等指标的变化。结果：太极拳运动组血浆神经肽Y水平下降，其中伴有高甘油三脂血症者6人，NPY水平下降；伴有高胆固醇血症者4人，NPY水平升高。而随意运动组血浆神经肽Y水平变化不显著。结论：太极拳运动对血浆神经肽Y水平的影响，表明了太极拳运动改善老年肥胖Ⅱ型糖尿病患者代谢紊乱的机制与其时机体神经内分泌系统的调节密切相关。     

规律性太极拳锻炼对退休知识女性血脂、瘦素水平及骨密度的影响

目的:探讨规律性太极拳锻炼对退休女性血脂、瘦素水平及骨密度的影响。方法:通过问卷调查筛选退休知识女性122人,分为规律性太极拳锻炼组(42人),规律性健身走锻炼组(40人)和无锻炼组(40人),采用半自动生化分析仪检测血脂水平,ELISA试剂盒检测血清瘦素水平,DEXA骨密度仪检测骨密度。结果:规律性太极拳锻炼组的BMI、甘油三酯(TG)及血清瘦素(leptin)水平均低于规律性健身走锻炼组(P0.05)及无锻炼组(P0.01);总胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)低于规律性健身走锻炼组及无锻炼组(P0.05);高密度蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)高于规律性健身走锻炼组及无锻炼组(P0.05);骨密度四项指标L2~L4(AP),Neck,Ward’s,Torch均高于规律性健身走锻炼组(P0.05)及无锻炼组(P0.05)。结论:规律性太极拳锻炼能有效地改善退休知识女性的血脂、血清瘦素水平及增大骨密度,提示这对降低心脑血管病发病危险及预防骨质疏松有积极的作用。     

太极拳运动对老年人血脂的影响分析

目的了解太极拳运动对老年人血脂的影响,为促进老年人健康提供依据。方法本文以牡丹江林管局社保局退休人员及家属经常参加有氧健身运动的老年人为研究对象,与未参加的对照组进行比较,研究太极拳运动对老年人血脂的影响。结果P〈0.05,差异显著,说明为期24周的太极拳运对老年人的血脂代谢产生了积极的影响,减少了冠心病和动脉粥样硬化的危险因子,从而提高了老年人的机体机能。结论显示有规律、有计划的太极拳运动能显著改善老年人的血脂代谢,有利于老年人的机体健康,并对老年人的心理、社会健康起到积极作用。     

太极拳对高脂血症老年人骨密度影响变化趋势

目的:探讨太极拳运动对高血脂症老年人群高脂血脂以及骨密度的变化趋势。方法:通过对40名患有高脂血症老年人进行为期6个月的太极拳运动干预。从各个指标的变化来观察太极拳对高脂血症以及骨质疏松起到的预防作用。结果:锻炼前后老年人高脂血症、骨密度值均发生了显著性的改变(P0.05或P0.01)。即太极拳运动对高脂血症老年人骨质疏松起到了良好的效果。结论:太极拳运动可有效改善血脂异常,提高骨密度。可作为防治高血脂老年人骨质疏松安全有效的手段。     

论“体教结合”和“教体结合”的同化与异化

从“体教结合”和“教体结合”概念分析入手,阐述了“体教结合”和“教体结合”两种培养竞技体育人才模式的现状及发展情况。从概念的范畴、内容的指向性、发展目标、培养的思路、培养的理念等五方面探讨了“体教结合”和“教体结合”两种培养模式的趋同性;从所处地位、培养对象、培养形式、结合模式、学训方式,以及资源配置等方面探讨了二者之间存在的差异性。认为区分二者的异同点,将有助于我们进行理性的思考,科学的决策,不断促进我国体育事业的可持续发展。     

体育仪器器材研制工作的特点和方法

体育科研和训练用仪器器材的研制工作,有其自身的特点和规律。必须实行理论研究与应用研究;训练器材与训练理论和方法;训练、测试与诊断、评定;工程技术知识与体育科学知识;工程技术人员与教练员、运动员的结合。     

普通高校田径教学模式研究

采取问卷调查、专家访谈、文献资料等研究方法，对普通高校田径课教学现状进行调查发现，田径课教学正面临巨大的困境。造成的主要原因是：教学内容陈旧，缺乏趣味性；教学方法单一，缺乏创新；组织形式呆板枯燥，使学生产生厌学情绪。考试评价体系标准规则化，定量化，使学生对掌握田径运动的实用性、健身性产生怀疑。思想认识与资源开发不足，使田径课教学失去有力保证。     

艺术体操和健美操的同异及教学中的互补作用

艺术体操和健美操是深受广大群众喜爱的两个体育项目，它们有共同的特征，也有不同的特点，在教学中将两者适当的结合起来，发挥它们的互补作用，可提高教学质量，达到更完美的锻炼效果。     

高校武术教学与改革的调查研究

围绕高校武术教学的现状和改革,对河南省18所高校的1 336名学生和25名武术教师分别进行了问卷和走访调查。结果显示,武术是高校学生很感兴趣的教学项目,我们对此并没有重视,存在教学器材匮乏、教学内容陈旧等问题。其改革应从转变观念、改善课程结构、精选教材等方面进行。     

Fluid and electrolyte needs for preparation and recovery from training and competition

For a person undertaking regular exercise, any fluid deficit that is incurred during one exercise session can potentially compromise the next exercise session if adequate fluid replacement does not occur. Fluid replacement after exercise can, therefore, frequently be thought of as hydration before the next exercise bout. The importance of ensuring euhydration before exercise and the potential benefits of temporary hyperhydration with sodium salts or glycerol solutions are also important issues. Post-exercise restoration of fluid balance after sweat-induced dehydration avoids the detrimental effects of a body water deficit on physiological function and subsequent exercise performance. For effective restoration of fluid balance, the consumption of a volume of fluid in excess of the sweat loss and replacement of electrolyte, particularly sodium, losses are essential. Intravenous fluid replacement after exercise has been investigated to a lesser extent and its role for fluid replacement in the dehydrated but otherwise well athlete remains equivocal.     

Carbohydrates and fat for training and recovery

An important goal of the athlete's everyday diet is to provide the muscle with substrates to fuel the training programme that will achieve optimal adaptation for performance enhancements. In reviewing the scientific literature on post-exercise glycogen storage since 1991, the following guidelines for the training diet are proposed. Athletes should aim to achieve carbohydrate intakes to meet the fuel requirements of their training programme and to optimize restoration of muscle glycogen stores between workouts. General recommendations can be provided, preferably in terms of grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of the athlete's body mass, but should be fine-tuned with individual consideration of total energy needs, specific training needs and feedback from training performance. It is valuable to choose nutrient-rich carbohydrate foods and to add other foods to recovery meals and snacks to provide a good source of protein and other nutrients. These nutrients may assist in other recovery processes and, in the case of protein, may promote additional glycogen recovery when carbohydrate intake is suboptimal or when frequent snacking is not possible. When the period between exercise sessions is <8?h, the athlete should begin carbohydrate intake as soon as practical after the first workout to maximize the effective recovery time between sessions. There may be some advantages in meeting carbohydrate intake targets as a series of snacks during the early recovery phase, but during longer recovery periods (24?h) the athlete should organize the pattern and timing of carbohydrate-rich meals and snacks according to what is practical and comfortable for their individual situation. Carbohydrate-rich foods with a moderate to high glycaemic index provide a readily available source of carbohydrate for muscle glycogen synthesis, and should be the major carbohydrate choices in recovery meals. Although there is new interest in the recovery of intramuscular triglyceride stores between training sessions, there is no evidence that diets which are high in fat and restricted in carbohydrate enhance training.     

健美操与我国女性"美与健"思想的发展和完善

通过文献资料调研及访问专家等方法，对伴随健美操发展的女性健身思想的发展与演变进行分析，认为我国现代女性健身思想经历了形成期，以“美”为主导期及以“健康”为指导的三个时期。目前，正在朝着健康化、科学化的方向发展并试图开创以“健康”理念指导健身运动的良好局面。     

Implicit and Explicit Exercise and Sedentary Identity

We examined the relationship between implicit and explicit “exerciser” and “sedentary” self-identity when activated by stereotypes. Undergraduate participants (N = 141) wrote essays about university students who either liked to exercise or engage in sedentary activities. This was followed by an implicit identity task and an explicit measure of exercise self-identity. Results showed that implicit and explicit exerciser identities were not highly correlated. There were also no significant prime effects, but women showed greater implicit sedentary identity, whereas men showed greater implicit exercise identity. This research suggests that implicit exercise-related identity is a distinct construct from explicit exercise identity. The results also reflect responses to societal pressures for women to be thin and for men to be strong, when free of self-presentational bias.     

体育、运动、休闲之概念与内涵——台湾地区之应用和诠释

采用文献资料法,从体育、运动和休闲等视角,对台湾地区休闲运动的概念表达和使用状况进行研究.发现:台湾地区的体育、运动和休闲概念的标识和使用经历着变化发展的过程.在今后的台湾地区相关概念使用中将延续如下发展趋势:行政机构和中小学用体育涵盖运动休闲;大学和学术研究中将运动、休闲和体育进行区分;新闻媒体和产业则偏向用休闲、运动取代体育.