正交实验法研究三七皂甙的超声提取

在超声波作用下，用乙醇浸提，从三七中提取三七皂甙．以提取产量和三七皂甙含量为评价指标，利用正交实验L9（3^4）筛选出最佳工艺条件为：超声提取温度45℃，超声时间30min，提取次数2次，乙醇体积分数85％．按优选的最佳工艺实验5次，精制三七皂甙平均收率达到16．3％，为常规浸提法的2倍，Rg，相对标准偏差（RSD）为2．84％，R。相对标准偏差为2．99％．     

黄山尖吻蝮活动期和冬眠期蛇毒蛋白的凝胶电泳分析

采用经典的非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法,比较冬眠期和活动期的黄山尖吻蝮蛇毒蛋白组分的差异,结果显示黄山尖吻蝮在冬眠期的蛇毒蛋白组分和表达量是高于活动期的.     

竹节三七齐墩果酸型皂甙的水提取工艺研究

目的：确定竹节三七齐墩果酸型皂甙的最佳水提取工艺条件。方法：采用单因素试验设计与正交试验设计L9（34）方法,考察浸提时间、浸提温度、固液比和浸提次数等因素对提取率的影响,优选出竹节三七中齐墩果酸的提取工艺。结果：所考察的因素对竹节三七齐墩果酸型皂甙提取的影响程度为：浸提温度〉浸提次数〉固液比〉浸提时间,水浸提取的最佳条件为：A3C3D3B2。结论：优选出的竹节三七中齐墩果酸的提取工艺稳定、合理、可行。     

环毛蚓纤溶酶的分离纯化及pH值对其活性的影响

以盐城地区分布广泛的新鲜环毛蚓为原料,经过4℃抽提、分段盐析、SephadexG-100凝胶柱层析、PEG-6000浓缩以及制备电泳等步骤分离纯化蚯蚓纤溶酶。在聚丙烯酰铵凝胶电泳和纤维平板活性检测的基础上．选用割胶的方式．最终得到蚯蚓纤溶酶的一种单一组分。该酶具有较强的溶解纤维蛋白的作用,SDS—PAGE测得其分子量为20KD。不同pH对其纤溶活性影响不同。采用单因素方差分析和多重比较．结果表明pH为8．0-12．0环境下该纤溶酶活性均较大,其中pH为9．0～12．0相互之间差异不显著．DH为9．0与8．0差异极显著．DH为10．0与8．0差异显著。     

三七叶皂甙抗心律失常作用的实验研究

三七叶皂甙（ＰＮＬＳ）２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ能明显对抗乌头碱２０ｕｇ／ｋｇ，ＢａＣｌ２２ｍｇ／ｋｇ和结扎左冠状动脉前降支诱发大鼠的室性心律失常．ＰＮＬＳ也能明显对抗ＣａＣｌ２－Ａｃｈ（ＣａＣｌ２ ０．６％＋Ａｃｈ０．００２５％）混合液１０ｍｌ／ｋｇ诱发小鼠心房纤颤或扑动．ＰＮＬＳ对大鼠心电图实验，证明有负性频率作用，负性传导作用．这些作用可能是ＰＮＬＳ抗心律失常作用的药理基础     

人参和三七皂甙提取分离的一个简易生产工艺

人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)和三七(Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen)均富含具有生理活性的多种皂甙成分。由于皂甙的提取和分离技术繁复不适于大量制备,我们研究采用吸附树脂层析法进行皂甙的提取和分离。实验表明,这一简易、快速而经济的新工艺流程用于皂甙的提取和精制克服了一般经典方法(如正丁醇萃取法、沉淀法等)需要化学试剂种类多、耗量大、成本高、操作复杂等缺点,且皂甙得率高、质量稳定。吸附树脂层析法也可用于人参和三七皂甙的分组分离和主要皂甙单体的制备。我们将这一方法用于其他植物甙类成分的提取和分离也取得了一定的成功。兹简介如下:     

蕲蛇酶对脑梗塞患者血浆t—PA、PAI活性的影响

蕲蛇酶具有降解纤维蛋白原、降低血粘度及改善微循环等作用,对脑梗塞有治疗作用组织型纤溶酶原激活物(1-PA)及纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI)是反映机体纤溶系统功能状况的两个重要指标。本研究通过测定脑梗塞患者蕲蛇酶治疗前后血浆t-PA、PAI活性来了解该药对机体纤溶系统的影响。1 临床资料1.1 一般资料 全部病例按全国第二届脑血管病会议通过的诊断标准诊断为急性脑梗塞患     

里氏木霉重组t-PA粗酶液的脱色

里氏木霉液体发酵产生的粗纤溶酶液中含有许多的色素物质,这些色素物质在酶的分离提纯中会污染色谱分离填料,严重影响填料的分离度和使用寿命.选择D301和D296离子交换树脂、活性碳和高岭上作为脱色介质,对粗纤溶酶液进行脱色实验研究.实验结果表明,当树脂的反离子采用CI-1型时,D301和D296离子交换树脂可以用于粗纤溶酶液的脱色,按脱色过程对目标纤溶酶还有一定的提纯作用。     

用尿激酶、去纤酶治疗急性心肌梗塞时体内纤溶系统的改变

本文对25例用尿激酶、15例用去纤酶溶栓治疗的急性心肌梗塞患者体内的组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tissue Plasminogen Activator,t-PA)的含量、活性及纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物(Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor,PAI)的活性在治疗前后的改变进行了动态观察。结果表明:(1)尿激酶可以显著地提高t-PA的活性,降低PAI的活性,这种作用在用药后0.5h最明显,维持4h左右,去纤酶则无此作用。(2)尿激酶组的再通率(76％)显著高于去纤酶组的再通率(20％),住院病死率12％,低于去纤酶组20％。两组的出血并发症相等,均为20％。提示:尿激酶可以有效地提高急性心肌梗塞患者的纤溶活性,去纤酶用于溶栓治疗可能无效。     

血栓康对大鼠血栓性静脉炎血液流变学和纤溶功能的影响

血栓形成机理涉及血管壁损伤、血小板聚集、血液凝固性增加和血液流变学异常.凝血、纤溶变化的检测在静脉血栓性静脉炎的治疗中有重要意义.本实验旨在从改善血液高凝状态及促纤溶作用方面探讨血栓康抑制静脉血栓形成及血栓性静脉炎的作用机制,为临床提供理论和实验依据.     

A New Potent Inhibitor of Thrombin from the Leech Haemendipsa Yanyuanensis

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　Ｔｈｒｏｍｂｕｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅｏｆｈｅａｒｔａｎｄｂｒａｉｎｂｌｏｏｄｖｅｓｓｅｌｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅａｋｉｌｌｅｒｏｆｍａｎ .Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｉｄｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｈａｅｍｏｒｒｈａｇｅｏｒｔｈｅｓｈｏｒｔｈａｌｆ ｌｉｆｅｉｎｖｉｖｏ ,ｔｈｅｐｒｅ ｓｅｎｔａｎｔｉｃｏａｇｕｌａｎｔｄｒｕｇｓａｒｅｕｎｓａｔｉｓｆｉｅｄ ,ａｎｄｓｅａｒｃｈ ｉｎｇｆｏｒｎｅｗａｎｔｉｃｏａｇｕｌａｎｔｓｗｉｔｈｈｉｇｈｅｒｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔａｎｄｍｏｒｅｓｔａｂｉｌｅｈａ…     

三七总皂苷对自发性高血压大鼠肾损害干预作用的实验研究

目的:观察三七总皂苷对自发性高血压大鼠肾损害的干预作用。方法:自发性高血压肾损害大鼠30只和正常血压大鼠10只,分成4组,分别灌胃相应剂量的三七总皂苷或生理盐水;给药期间行血压监测,8周后,测定尿MA、β2-MG和血清SCr、BUN、UA。结果:与模型组比较,三七总皂苷组大鼠血压及尿MA、β2-MG和血清SCr、BUN、UA水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),在一定范围内降低程度与三七总皂苷剂量成正比关系。结论:三七总皂苷能干预自发性高血压大鼠多项肾功能指标,发挥肾功能保护作用。     

Trajectories of psychological need satisfaction from early to late adolescence as a predictor of adjustment in school

The present longitudinal study described developmental patterns of perceived psychological need satisfaction (PNS) from the end of elementary school to the end of high school and their contribution to school adjustment at the end of high school. The first goal thus consisted in estimating whether developmental trajectories of perceived PNS were homogeneous (i.e., all students reported similar developmental patterns) or heterogeneous (i.e., there were several distinct developmental trajectories). The second goal involved comparing trajectory groups on dimensions of school adjustment (social, academic, and emotional–personal). A stratified sample of 609 students (277 boys, 332 girls) was surveyed annually on a 6-year period, from the end of elementary school until the end of high school. Results of group-based trajectory modeling (Nagin, 1999, 2005) revealed that developmental trajectories of PNS were heterogeneous for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. For each need, four distinct developmental patterns were identified. These trajectories varied in shape, composition, and magnitude such that some students reported increasing PNS over time while others reported stable or decreasing PNS. Results from multivariate analyses revealed that students in upper trajectories (e.g., reporting higher levels of PNS, either stable or increasing) generally reported higher levels of academic, social, and personal–emotional adjustment at the end of high school. Results are discussed with respect to their implications for research and interventions.     

Baseline Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis and Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity Interact to Predict Executive Functions in Low‐Income Children

We examined interactions between baseline hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity in relation to executive functions (EF) in a sample (n = 1,005) of children in low wealth, nonurban communities at age 48 months. Salivary cortisol and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) represented baseline HPA axis and PNS activity, respectively. The interaction between RSA and cortisol predicted EF such that children with either lower RSA and lower cortisol, or higher RSA and higher cortisol had higher EF scores. These findings suggest a potential compensatory relation in which the PNS and HPA axis counterbalance each other to support cognition.     

21世纪能源开发

论述了矿物燃料对大气污染造成的危害、效率低等弊端.警示在新世纪末矿物燃料面临枯竭的预言,提出了开发第二能源如太阳能和第三能源如物质内能、生物能,第四能源如太阳光压、反物质能开发研究的前景.     

晶体硅太阳电池TiO2与SiN减反射膜对比研究

采用多层膜的反射理论及数值计算对比了TiO2和SiN减反射膜用于晶体硅太阳电池对其性能的影响，给出了优化设计的结果，SiN膜的减反射膜的综合效果更优。     

Glial Cells: The other cells of the nervous system

Theodor Schwann, the German physiologist who first propounded the cell theory with M Schieiden, had diverse interests. He was not only the first to isolate the enzyme pepsin, but also investigated muscle contraction and nerve structure. In the mid nineteenth century Schwann discovered that a sheath made up of myelin covered the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The cells that form the myelin are today called Schwann cells after him. Today, we know that the Schwann cells not only form the myelin sheath around neurons, but also regulate several neuronal functions and are an indispensable part of the PNS.     

一种测定凝血酶抑制剂活性的新方法

报告了一种新的测定凝血酶抑制剂抑制活性的测定方法——发色底物吸光值变化率法；以发色底物S-2238与标准凝血酶反应测定未抑制吸光值变化率，同时以发色底物S-2238与凝血酶抑制剂和标准凝血酶反应测定抑制吸光值变化率，然后以抑制吸光值变化率与未抑制吸光值变化率的比值计算凝血酶抑制剂的抑制活性．实验证明，这种凝血酶抑制剂抑制活性测定方法简便易行，重复性高，偶然误差小，可信度大。     

利用SPA提取鼠IgG制备兔抗鼠IgG血清的尝试

本文首次用 SPA 提取鼠 IgG,制备兔抗鼠 IgG 血清,效价高,纯度好,方法简便,可靠。     

Application of GlycoProtein IIb/IIIa antagonist( Integrilin) in peri-percutaneous transluminal catheter angioplasty and stent implantation in Chinese

Objective: to report the application of GPIIb/IIIa antagonist (Integrilin) in peri-percutaneous transluminal catheter angioplasty and stent implantation in Chinese. Method: Twenty-one patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal catheter angioplasty(PTCA) and stent implantation were included. After arterial puncture, integrilin was injected at dose of 180ug/kg, and then maintained at 2μg/kgmin for 18 hours. Asprine, plavix(clopidogrel) and heparin were used at the same time. ACT, PT, KPTT and blood routine were routinely monitored. Results: All sheaths were drawn out 2 to 4 hours after the procedure.. There was no severe complication such as hematoma, acute and subacute thrombosis in coronary artery, or thrombocytopenia. ACT returned to less than 150 seconds in 2 hours in 15 patients; in 4 hours in 6 patients. There was no significant difference between the pre- and post-procedure value of PT and platelet count. KPTT was significantly higher than pre-procedure value at 2 hours after the procedure .No recurrence of angina pectoris was observed in the first nine patients within one year follow-up, and no restenosis occurred in stents in the five patients who had coronary angiography one year later. Conclusion: Application of GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist (Integrilin) in peri-percutaneous transluminal catheter angioplasty and stent implantation in combination with aspirin and plavix could significantly reduce the dosage and duration of heparin with benefit of shortening the indwelling time of sheaths, but did not increase risk of bleeding or lead to thrombosis in stent.