骨灵片对骨质疏松大鼠骨形态计量学的影响研究

目的观察补肾中药骨灵片对去卵巢大鼠腰椎的骨形态计量学及生物力学影响,进一步探讨骨灵片治疗骨质疏松症的机理。方法选择3月龄SD大鼠36只,分为空白对照组(即假手术组,A组)、去卵巢组(B组)、骨灵片低(C组)、中(D组)、高剂量组(E组)、雌激素组(F组),每组各6只。分别给予生理盐水、骨灵片高、中、低剂量、雌激素灌饲3个月。取第3腰椎包埋切片,检测骨形态计量学参数的改变。结果与去卵巢组,骨灵片各剂量组尤其是中、高剂量组在骨小梁面积百分数、厚度、数量上显著升高,骨小梁分离度、骨形成率、骨矿化沉积率、每毫米破骨细胞数显著下降。结论补肾中药骨灵片具有促进骨形成和抑制骨吸收的作用,使骨结构得到改善。     

大黄酚对东莨菪碱致小鼠学习记忆障碍的作用及脑内NO和NOS的影响

目的:研究大黄酚对东莨菪碱致小鼠空间学习记忆障碍的作用及脑内NO和NOS的影响.方法:将昆明种小鼠随机分组,设立正常对照组、东莨菪碱模型组及大黄酚小剂量组(0.1mg·kg-1)、中剂量组(1.0mg·kg-1)、大剂量组(10mg·kg-1).各组分别腹腔注射给药,对照组和模型组给溶剂,大黄酚组给大黄酚,于第5天给药30min后,除对照组腹腔注射生理盐水外,其它各组注射东莨菪碱1mg·kg-1,20min后进行Morris水迷宫测试,测试5d后处死,取其脑组织进行NO和NOS测定.结果:大黄酚各剂量组可明显改善东莨菪碱所致小鼠的空间学习记忆障碍,并可以降低小鼠脑内NO含量和NOS活性.结论:大黄酚能明显改善东莨菪碱所致小鼠空间学习记忆障碍,并降低其脑内NO含量及NOS活性.     

急性肾功能衰竭家兔NO及其合酶的变化

目的:观察急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)家兔血清一氧化氮(NO)及其合酶的变化,探讨NO在ARF发病机制中的作用.方法:家兔60只均分为四组(n=15).ARF模型Ⅰ组:皮下注射1%HgCl2(1.3ml/kg.bw);ARF模型Ⅱ组:肌肉注射50%甘油(10ml/kg.bw);以等量生理盐水代替HgCl2和甘油作为对照Ⅰ、Ⅱ组.24h后,所有动物颈总动脉放血备检,制备肾匀浆.经Aeroset型全自动生化分析仪测定血清BUN、SCr水平,以硝酸还原酶法、化学显色法分别检测血清及肾组织匀浆NO含量及NOS、iNOS活性,肾组织匀浆总蛋白以双缩脲法定量.结果:ARF模型Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血清NO含量及NOS、iNOS活性分别高于相应对照Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P＜0.05～0.01),肾匀浆NO含量显著高于相应对照组(P＜0.01).结论:NO在ARF发病过程中发挥保护及损伤的双重作用.     

磷脂酶D在UV-B诱导的蚕豆气孔关闭中的作用

主要研究磷脂酶D在UV-B辐射诱导气孔关闭中的作用.结果显示:UV-B辐射能够诱导蚕豆气孔关闭.磷脂酶D的专一性抑制剂,1-正丁醇能够逆转UV-B辐射诱导的气孔关闭;1-正丁醇能够部分逆转SNP(NO外源供体)诱导的气孔关闭.结果表明:磷脂酶D可能参与了UV-B辐射诱导的蚕豆气孔关闭,且磷脂酶D可能介导了一氧化氮(NO)在UV-B辐射诱导气孔关闭中的作用.     

不同强度的规则运动对血小板功能的影响及其机理的探讨

本实验首次研究了同等条件下不同强度的规则运动对血小板内源性NOS的影响.实验将35个健康青年男子分为四组分别进行为期8周的不同强度的运动训练.结果如下:(1)中强度规则运动明显降低舒张压,增大脉压,小强度规则运动在增大肺活量上最为突出,而大强度规则运动在以上方面作用不明显;(2)中小强度规则运动后,血小板内NOS活性和血浆NO含量均明显升高,而大强度规则运动后NOS活性和NO含量没有明显升高.结果表明:中小强度规则运动在抑制血小板功能,减少血栓形成方面起重要作用.     

雌激素与阿尔茨海默病大鼠发病机制的关系

目的:采用双侧卵巢切除的方法制作阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer,disease AD)模型,观察AD模型大鼠脑内皮层区,海马CA1区,杏仁复合体区和Meynert核区酪氨酸激酶原癌基因(tyrosine kinase proto-onco-geneA,TrkA)的表达与对照组比较有何变化,以探讨雌激素的变化与AD发病机制的关系。②方法:取健康雌性Wistar大鼠20只,随机分成四组,每组各5只;对照组;卵巢切除组(去势组);在脑立体定位仪上,切除大鼠双侧卵巢,建立模拟AD的动物模型。应用免疫组织细胞化学技术对trkA免疫阳性细胞染色。观察AD模型组大鼠脑皮层区,海马CA1区,杏仁复合体区和基底前脑Meynert核区等部位trkA阳性细胞的表达与对照组比较是否不同。③结果:对照组大鼠脑内的各观察区内trkA表达无明显改变;AD模型组大鼠脑内的皮层区,海马CA1区,杏仁复合体区和基底前脑Meynert核区trkA的阳性细胞显著减少(P<0.05)。④结论:AD模型组大鼠脑内皮层区,海马CA1区,杏仁复合体区和基底前脑Meynert核区内trkA的阳性细胞显著减少,提示雌激素缺乏使trkA的表达减少可能与老年性痴...     

睾丸扭转对大鼠生精能力的影响及维拉帕米的保护作用

目的:探讨钙离子通道拮抗剂(维拉帕米,verapamil)对大鼠睾丸扭转复位后睾丸细胞损伤的保护作用.方法:选用出生1个月左右的健康雄性SD大鼠30只,随机平均分成3组,手术制作幼鼠睾丸扭转模型(720°,2h).对部分扭转组应用生理盐水或钙离子通道拮抗剂(维拉帕米).术后6个月处死,取两侧睾丸标本,测定睾丸NO含量、NOS活性,并制备细胞悬液,检测记录每样本中单倍体细胞占细胞总数百分比.结果:B组(扭转组)单倍体细胞占细胞总数明显下降,而且睾丸组织NO含量、NOS活性升高,维拉帕米可减轻上述变化.结论:维拉帕米可以提高睾丸组织单倍体细胞的百分比,在一定程度上可以减轻睾丸组织损伤,对睾丸的生精能力有明显的保护作用.     

女性吸毒者Th1／Th2细胞因子和性激素水平分析

目的:通过测定女性吸食海洛因患者外周血中T细胞亚群Th1/Th2细胞因子和血清中性激素的变化,从分子水平探讨吸食海洛因对女性免疫功能和性激素的影响。方法:取吸毒组和正常对照组清晨空腹静脉血3mL,应用双抗体夹心ABC-ELISA法测定Th1/Th2细胞因子,采用放免法检测血清雌激素(E2)、孕激素(P)。结果:吸毒组30例患者Th1细胞因子(IL-2:1.45±0.48μg/L,TNF-β:0.37±0.14μg/L,INF-γ:2.99±0.55μg/L)和Th2细胞因子(IL-4:23.68±11.22μg/L,IL-10:12.11±5.13μg/L)低于32例健康组Th1细胞因子(IL-2:4.09±0.79μg/L,TNF-β:0.91±0.35μg/L,INF-γ:5.69±0.91μg/L)、Th2细胞因子(IL-4:54.24±17.21μg/L,IL-10:22.34±7.26μg/L)水平(P<0.01);吸毒组患者血清雌激素与孕激素水平显著低于健康组(吸毒组E2:38.71±18.18ng/L,P:0.79±0.53μg/L;健康组分别为79.98±34.42ng/L和2.10±0.86μg/L)(P<0.01)。结论:海洛因的摄入可导致青年女性性腺激素水平下降和免疫水平全面下降。     

一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元在脑出血、脑缺血时的变化

为了阐明一氧化氮合酶(NOS)阳性神经元在大鼠脑出血、脑缺血时在尾壳核、皮质中的形态和分布变化,我们采用冰冻切片NADPH-d组织化学染色方法检测了NOS神经元在尾壳核、大脑皮质中的数密度(NV)。结果表明:在尾壳核中脑出血、脑缺血时较正常组减少,以脑缺血组减少明显,与正常组比较有显著性差异,(P<0.05)此实验为研究神经系统疾病与NOS的关系,提供了基础资料。     

神经组织NO状况与其兴奋过程的强度和时间的关系

应用NOS抑制剂(L-NMMA)阻断牛蛙坐骨神经干的NO合成代谢使神经组织NO缺落后,观察不同手段处理对神经组织兴奋过程的强度因素和时间因素的影响规律。用不同浓度L-NMMA液浸泡牛蛙坐骨神经干30min后,以改变波宽的选频法,观察其对动作电位幅值、上升斜率及下降斜率的影响。结果表明,改变波宽的选频法,其坐骨神经干动作电位的削弱程度与L-NMMA浓度呈正相关。     

油橄榄叶提取物对铅中毒小鼠骨髓NO和NOS的影响

目的探讨油橄榄叶提取物(OLE)对铅中毒小鼠骨髓NO含量和NOS活性的影响。方法选健康小鼠,每日灌胃醋酸铅溶液的同时灌胃不同剂量的OLE进行治疗,连续用药30 d,检测血铅含量、骨髓一氧化氮(NO)含量及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的变化。结果与模型对照组相比,小鼠灌胃OLE后血铅水平下降,骨髓NO含量及NOS活性明显降低。结论 OLE对铅中毒小鼠有一定的疗效,能改善骨髓生化指标,拮抗铅对骨髓的毒性。     

Cell-specific expression and immunolocalization of nitric oxide synthase isoforms and the related nitric oxide/cyclic GMP signaling pathway in the ovaries of neonatal and immature rats

Objective

The present study is designed to investigate the cellular expressions and immunolocalizations of three different nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms and the related nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway in the ovaries of neonatal and immature rats.

Methods

The ovaries were obtained from ICR (Institute for Cancer Research) female Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal days 1, 5, 7, 10, and 19. Then we carried out the histologic examination, immunohistochemistry, measurement of NOS activity, and modifications within the NO/cGMP pathway.

Results

During postnatal days 1, 5, 7, 10, and 19, all three isoforms of NOS were mainly localized to the oocytes and expressed as a gradual increase in granulosa cells and theca cells within the growing follicle. The ovarian total NOS activities and NO levels were increased at postnatal days 7 and 10 compared with other days.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the locally produced NO and the NO/NOS signaling systems are involved in the follicular development to puberty.     

自发性高血压大鼠膈肌功能的变化

目的：研究自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）膈肌功能的变化。方法：大鼠随机分成两组，SHR组和Wistar大鼠组，各8只，应用体外灌流大鼠膈肌条的方法，测量张力一频率曲线，疲劳指数的变化，同时测定膈肌组织中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性（总NOS和iN0s）和NO含量的变化。结果：与对照组相比，SHR组大鼠膈肌张力-频率曲线右移，疲劳指数下降明显（P〈0．01），组织中SOD、总NOS活性和NO含量显著降低（P〈0．01），iNOS、MDA含量显著增加（P＜0．01）。结论：自发性高血压大鼠膈肌功能受到损伤。     

急性肾功能衰竭家兔心肌损伤的体液机制

目的：观察急性肾功能衰竭（ARF）家兔心肌匀浆自由基、一氧化氮的变化，探讨心肌损伤的体液机制。方法：60只家兔均分为四组（n=15）。ARF模型1组：皮下注射1％HgCl2（1．3ml／kg．bw）；ARF模型2组：肌肉注射50％甘油（10ml／kg．bw）；以等量生理盐水代替HgCl2和甘油作为对照1、2组。24h后，所有动物颈总动脉放血备检，并选择固定位置。制备10％心肌匀浆。经Aeroset型全自动生化分析仪测定血清反映肾功能的生化指标。检测心肌匀浆丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、一氧化氮（NO）及其合酶（NOS）的变化。结果：与相应对照组比较，ARF模型1、2组心匀浆SOD活性下降、MDA含量升高（P〈0．05），ARF模型1、2组心匀浆NO含量增强、NOS及iNOS活性增强（P〈0．05～0．01）。结论：ARF家兔心肌损伤的机制与自由基损伤及NO升高有关。     

Nitric oxide induced by polyamines involves antioxidant systems against chilling stress in tomato (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycopersicon esculentum</Emphasis> Mill.) seedling

Polyamines (PAs) and nitric oxide (NO) are vital signals in modulating plant response to abiotic stress. However, to our knowledge, studies on the relationship between NO and PAs in response to cold stress in tomato are limited. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the effects of putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) on NO generation and the function of Spd-induced NO in the tolerance of tomato seedling under chilling stress. Spd increased NO release via the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymatic pathways in the seedlings, whereas Put had no such effect. Moreover, H₂O₂ might act as an upstream signal to stimulate NO production. Both exogenous NO donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) and Spd enhanced chilling tolerance in tomato, thereby protecting the photosynthetic system from damage. Compared to chilling treatment alone, Spd enhanced the gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and their enzyme activities in tomato leaves. However, a scavenger or inhibitor of NO abolished Spd-induced chilling tolerance and blocked the increased expression and activity due to Spd of these antioxidant enzymes in tomato leaves under chilling stress. The results showed that NO induced by Spd plays a crucial role in tomato’s response to chilling stress.     

一氧化氮及其合酶与肿瘤

一氧化氮及其合酶广泛存在于各种肿瘤细胞株与实体瘤组织中,并且对肿瘤的发生、发展、转移等方面具有双重作用。本文就NO及其合酶在肿瘤中的特性作一综述。内容涉及NOS在肿瘤组织中的表达及肿瘤组织释放NO的特点、NO对肿瘤演化的双重作用及NO在临床上的应用前景。     

Infusion of nonmyeloablative bone marrow alleviates acute rejection reaction in liver allotransplantation

Objective: To study the effect and implication of nonmyeloablative donor specific bone marrow (DSBM) infusion on the immunoreaction of liver allotransplantation. Methods: Orthotopic liver transplantation model was used in this study. Groups were set as follows: Group Ⅰ, syngeneic control (Wistar-to-Wistar); Group Ⅱ, acute rejection (SD-to-Wistar); Group Ⅲ, acute rejection treated with cyclosporine A (CsA) by intramuscular injection (SD-to-Wistar CsA); Group Ⅳ, bone marrow infusion at 7 d pretransplantation followed by short-term CsA treatment (SD-to-Wistar DSBM); Another group of short-term CsA treatment preoperatively without bone marrow infusion was also set as control. General characteristics and survival time were observed.Histological grades of rejection were determined by pathological examination. IL-2 and IFN-γ level in peripheral blood and donor liver were detected respectively by Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and Western blot. Chimerism of donor cells was measured by PCR for a male-specific marker (Y-chromosome-specific sequence, Sry). Results: No signs of rejection were found in Group Ⅰ. Acute rejection occurred in both Group Ⅱ and the short-term CsA treated group. All the recipients died at (9～15)d posttransplantation with a median survival time of (10.7±0.5) d and (11.2±2.4) d, respectively. Only mild rejection could be seen in Group Ⅲ. In Group Ⅳ, 4 out of 6 recipients had long-term survival (＞100 d), the histological grade of rejection was significantly lower than that of Group Ⅱ, so did the expression level of IL-2 and IFN-γ in both peripheral blood and grafted liver.Y-chromosome-specific sequence (Sry) of male SD rats could be detected in the bone marrow, spleen and thymus of female recipients at 15 d after bone marrow infusion. Conclusion: Mild preconditioning nonmyeloablative donor specific bone marrow infusion can enhance chimerism formation in recipients, alleviate the rejection of liver allotransplantation and prolong survival of liver allotransplantation.     

Different effects of L-arginine on morphine tolerance in sham and ovariectomized female mice

Objective  

The roles of gonadal hormones and nitric oxide (NO) on the analgesic effects of morphine, tolerance to morphine, and their interactions have been widely investigated. In the present study, the effect of l-arginine (an NO precursor) on morphine tolerance in sham and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice was investigated.