试论女性新闻从业者自我认识的内隐性冲突

文章从社会学角度探讨了女性新闻从业者自我认识的内隐性冲突表现：一是社会对女性角色期望与女性自我角色期望之间的冲突;二是女性自我心理与女性自我角色期待之间的冲突;三是“玻璃天花板现象”与女性自我角色期待之间的冲突。最后文章就如何促进女性新闻从业者职场发展做了一些思考。     

从心理学角度谈女性公务员工作效能感影响因素

性别刻板印象、社会角色期待、性格特征等因素影响着女性公务员工作效能的发挥。感性化程度高、自我评价趋弱、自我心理安全感程度不高,是影响女性公务员工作效能的心理偏差的主要表现。因此,增强自我意识、发挥女性高情商的特点、发挥女性特有的人格魅力,是提高女性公务员工作效能感的心理策略。     

谈女性教师的心理冲突与自我调适

本文分析了当前女性教师心理冲突产生的内在原因和外在原因，描述了她们心理冲突的主要表现，并提出了女性教师进行自我心理调适的有效措施与方法。     

试析成人学习者自我价值感的特点

以246名成人学习者为被试,采用黄希庭等编制的青少年自我价值感量表,研究结果如下：成人学习者自我价值感总体水平显著高于青少年;男性的社会取向一般自我价值感和个人取向特殊心理自我价值感显著高于女性;专业性质在个人一般自我价值感和个人取向特殊道德自我价值感上差异显著;父母文化程度在社会取向一般自我价值感、特殊人际自我价值感、特殊心理自我价值感和个人取向特殊人际自我价值感上差异非常显著。     

中学生的同胞关系与学业自我效能感——自尊的中介作用和出生顺序的调节作用

同胞关系对个体的心理和行为发展具有重要作用。本研究采用同胞关系问卷、自尊问卷、学业自我效能感问卷对197名仅有一个兄弟姐妹的非独生子女进行研究,运用结构方程模型探讨同胞关系对中学生学业自我效能感的影响,以及自尊的中介作用和出生顺序的调节作用。结果显示:同胞关系、自尊和学业自我效能感在不同性别上没有显著差异;头胎比二胎感受到的同胞冲突更多;同胞亲密关系与自尊和学业自我效能感显著正相关,同胞冲突关系仅与学习行为自我效能感显著正相关;同胞亲密而非冲突关系能够显著预测学业自我效能感,自尊在其中发挥部分中介作用;同胞亲密关系对学业自我效能感的影响效应仅限于头胎。     

自我效能感对心理弹性影响的实证研究

运用问卷调查法,以300名大学生为研究对象,探讨一般自我效能感和情绪调节自我效能感对大学生心理弹性的影响。研究发现：一般自我效能感与情绪调节自我效能感、心理弹性之间均有显著的正相关,情绪调节自我效能感与心理弹性之间有显著的正相关;情绪调节自我效能感在一般自我效能感对心理弹性的影响之间具有完全中介作用。     

大学生心理挫折的反应、成因及教育疏导

大学生心理挫折反应分为正向反应和负向反应：负向反应主要有抑制、固执、逃避、攻击和自伤。理想自我与现实自我的冲突、理想社会与现实社会的冲突、独立愿望与依赖惯性的冲突、自尊心与自卑感的冲突是心理挫折形成的主要原因：帮助大学生树立正确的挫折观,创设挫折情景,让他们在挫折中受到磨砺,教给他们调适心态的方法和技术．积极地进行挫折疏导是增强他们挫折承受力的主要方法。     

留守初中生的心理弹性及其与自我效能感的相关研究

为探讨留守初中生心理弹性的现状及其与自我效能感的关系,本文采用青少年心理韧性量表和一般自我效能感量表,随机选取275名留守初中生进行问卷调查。结果表明：留守初中生心理弹性水平较低;留守初中生的心理弹性与其自我效能感存在显著正相关;留守初中生的自我效能感对其心理弹性有正向预测作用。为有效提高留守初中生的心理弹性,学校和教师需加强留守初中生家庭的功用并改善其自我效能感,同时注重学校的指导作用。     

青少年羞耻感与心理控制源、自我效能感、自尊的关系

对924名中小学生进行问卷调查,考查心理控制源,自我交通感和自尊对羞耻感的影响。结果表明：（1）羞耻感与自我效能感、自尊呈显著负相关,与心理控制源呈正相关,心理控制源与自我效能感、自尊呈负相关,自我效能感与自尊呈正相关;（2）自尊对羞耻感与心理控制源、自我效能感之间关系具有部分中介作用;（3）自我效能感对心理控制源和自尊、羞耻感之间关系具有部分中介作用;（4）高、低自尊组的结构方程模型之间存在显著差异。在全模型的基础上,高自尊组少了心理控制源到自尊的路径,而低自尊组少了心理控制源到自我效能的路径,说明心理控制源对自尊、自我效能感的影响会受到自尊水平的调节。     

贫困大学生的心理冲突问题浅议

贫困大学生的心理冲突表现为自强与自卑心理相交替、悲观与焦虑心理相并存、过度自尊与淡漠心理相交织。贫困大学生克服不良心态应做到：排除不良情绪,缓解心理冲突;改变不良认知,坚强意志品质;正确评价自我,提高心理素质。消除贫困大学生心理冲突应采取的对策是：帮助帮困大学生心理脱贫,走出精神困惑,努力把贫困大学生培养成创新型拔尖人才。     

监护室护理工作应激源及对策研究

目的:了解监护室护理人员面临的主要应激源及经常采取的应对方式,帮助护理人员减轻和消除心理压力.方法:采用问卷调查法对浙江大学五家附属医院监护室96名护士进行调查.结果:监护室护理人员应激源依次为工作性质与工作强度方面、社会地位与工资待遇、人际关系方面及家庭生活等方面的问题.所获得的数据资料通过SPSS软件分析,问卷的信度系数值为＞0.75.结论:监护室护理人员存在着多种应激源,这些应激源可导致其对工作的疲倦感、情绪低落、对服务对象冷淡,直接会影响到护理质量.定期对监护室护理人员进行心理健康知识培训,建立一定的支持系统,帮助她们提高心理调适能力,减轻和消除心理压力是医院护理管理中的重要课题.     

Mothers' experiences of facilitated peer support groups and individual child health nursing support: a comparative evaluation

The “Early Bird Program” is a support group facilitated by child and family health nurses and offered to families of infants aged 0–8 weeks in South East Sydney, Australia. This paper describes the experiences of 20 women who participated in the Early Bird groups and 20 women who chose to use individual consultations with the child and family health nurse. The qualitative evaluation used focus groups and interviews with the 40 women, and data were analysed using content analysis. Key findings show the Early Bird Program mothers received support and knowledge from both the nurses and each other, while the women who utilised the individual consultations with the nurses sought out and received specific services and information that focused on the baby. The group approach appears to promote group relationships and to empower mothers as a group by de-emphasising the power and expertise of the professional.     

The perception of women engineers in the construction industry in Palestine

The industrial and occupational distribution of women is such that women are concentrated predominately in a few occupations, mostly in the service sector, such as banking, finance, insurance, public administration, hotel, and catering. Men and women are equal in their capabilities in almost every respect, provided that women are given the same opportunities as men for training, employment, and promotion. There is a lack of research studies on women in the construction industry; therefore this field needs special consideration. The purpose of the current study is to find out working conditions of the Palestinian women civil and architect engineers in the construction industry in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. In addition, it attempts to examine their career prospects and to understand problems experienced by these women throughout their academic years as well as in their careers. Discrimination against women is still present in today's construction industry as well as in other traditional engineering cultures. In order to minimise or cope with this problem, attitudinal change by both men and women is strongly suggested.     

加强护生在校期间职业防护教育的探讨

临床护士面临多种职业危害,提高护生的职业防护意识和技术,要从学生在校期间培养职业防护意识,将防护知识渗透到各学科教学中,熟练防护技术,实习期间加强防护的监管等多环节入手。     

The Success and Struggles of Filipino Geriatric Nurses in Nursing Homes

Geriatric nursing is a physically and emotionally demanding job in healthcare. It is a neglected field despite the growing population of the elderly, and the experiences of geriatric nurses are one of the unrecognized aspects of this field. This qualitative study purports to explore the successes and struggles of the lived experiences of a select group of Filipino geriatric nurses working in nursing homes. A total of five registered nurses selected from Philippine geriatric homes were the subjects of this qualitative study. Data were gathered from a two-part instrument: namely, a researcher-made robotfoto and a semistructured interview. Through the use of a repertory grid involving both cool and warm analyses, field texts were phenomenologically reduced in order to establish distinct conceptual clusters.

Summarily, two roles were found to be the defining elements of Filipino geriatric care nurses' sense of success and fulfillment. These include the instrumental and developmental, which describe the nurses' appreciation of their unique place in the lives of their elderly patients and, at the same time, their experiences of personal and professional growth and expansion as nurses. In regard to their struggles, the contextual conditions in the workplace typify the roadblocks of their efficient and effective delivery of quality healthcare services.     

Sexual Equality—An Increasingly Important Theme of Swedish Education Today

Sexual equality as defined in Sweden implies that:

—women and men are equal;

—family and social responsibilities are shared equally between women and men;

—women and men have the same opportunities of taking part in working life and public affairs;

—women and men have the same opportunities of developing themselves, their interests, and their personalities.     

Stuck and sticky in mobile academia: reconfiguring the im/mobility binary

Dominant maternal ideologies impinge upon the career progression of academic mothers and non-mothers. Using “narratology” as a theoretical lens, this article offers insights into the working lives of academic mothers and non-mothers by drawing upon narratives collected by phenomenologically interviewing Palestinian women academics working at Palestinian universities. The analysis of the emerging persistent narratives shows that, as women, both mothers and non-mothers are influenced by socially constructed notions of “motherhood” and are accordingly put at a disadvantage within academia. In Palestine’s conservative, patriarchal context, academic non-mothers are expected to shoulder the burden of care within their families and to extend their mothering capacity to their students and co-workers. Furthermore, this study contributes to the contemporary debates on the tensions that exist between the prevailing discourses of the “altruistic mother” and the “career woman,” as well as the institutional demands that restrict women’s ability to simultaneously fulfill their work expectations and domestic roles.

     

Will the ‘good’ [working] mother please stand up? Professional and maternal concerns about education,care and love

The purposes of this article are to understand the factors that women are likely to take into consideration when making employment decisions and childcare choices while their babies are young, and to identify their choices, beliefs and dilemmas: the focus is on the experiences of working mothers in England. These choices are problematised in the context of mothers placing their babies with carers in day care settings who ‘love’ their children. Drawing from a larger study, the focus is on the narrative and experience of Ayesha in order to illuminate the tensions of being a mother responsible for, and making decisions about her child's care and education, coupled with her working role as an early years education advisor. Issues about gender and education are enmeshed in Ayesha's narrative through these two roles and the subject positions which they created. Ayesha's narrative illustrates the ways in which such decisions can be fuelled by contradictory political messages which are sensationalised by the media in relation to the role of a ‘good’ mother. The findings suggest there is a need to discuss the impact of media sensualisation on mothers' decision-making and to highlight the importance mothers place on close, loving relationships between the carer and the baby.     

Women's experiences in the engineering laboratory in Japan

This qualitative study aims to examine Japanese women undergraduate engineering students’ experiences of interacting with departmental peers of the same year in the laboratory setting by using interview data of 32 final-year students at two modestly selective national universities in Japan. Expectation state theory that explains unequal relationship between men and women is used as a framework. Findings suggest that women generally had a discouraging experience while working with their male peers. Specifically, women participated less and lost confidence by comparing with the men who appeared to be confident and competent.     

Beating time?: the resistance,reproduction and representation of older women in teacher education (UK)

Drawing on in-depth interviews with seven older women who teach teachers, this paper explores some of the dilemmas that shape and pattern their working worlds, specifically in relation to age and issues of ageism. While the paper will start from the words and experiences of these women, the intention is to foreground three theoretical concerns. First, the paper explores the ways in which older women repudiate discourses of ageism. The point here is to demonstrate that while (some/many) older women are ‘objectified’ through their age, others (middle-class professionals in particular perhaps) have some capacity to challenge this and reject a pathological account of themselves. Second, and contradictorily, the paper seeks to tease out the ‘uncomfortable’ ways in which discourses of ageism may well be reproduced and performed by older women as they seek to distance themselves from ‘others’ who they see as caught up in stereotyped age-positions. Third, the paper questions the very real research dilemmas involved in the problematics of representations; how can bits of data, short spoken accounts, be used to ‘represent’ the lives of these older women? Holding this paper together is the fact that all the data have been collected from women who work in teacher education (in the UK). Teacher education is a feminized and gendered division of labour, where men occupy most of the senior positions and thus are in a position to ‘sculpt’ the sector. Older women who teach teachers work in a complex cultural occupation setting where their sex, class and previous teaching experience positions them in a subordinate position. As they become older, what does all this mean for them?