药物基因组学科研合作网络的统计学性质

药物基因组学是一门年轻的学科领域。该领域内相关科学研究工作者之间形成的科研合作关系网络,也具有类似许多大型合作关系网络数据库所具有的无尺度网络特性,其非连通合作网络内部具有较大连通组群的聚类特性和小世界特征等相关性质。     

Investigating relationships within and between category networks in Wikipedia

This work maps and analyses cross-citations in the areas of Biology, Mathematics, Physics and Medicine in the English version of Wikipedia, which are represented as an undirected complex network where the entries correspond to nodes and the citations among the entries are mapped as edges. We found a high value of clustering coefficient for the areas of Biology and Medicine, and a small value for Mathematics and Physics. The topological organization is also different for each network, including a modular structure for Biology and Medicine, a sparse structure for Mathematics and a dense core for Physics. The networks have degree distributions that can be approximated by a power-law with a cut-off. The assortativity of the isolated networks has also been investigated and the results indicate distinct patterns for each subject. We estimated the betweenness centrality of each node considering the full Wikipedia network, which contains the nodes of the four subjects and the edges between them. In addition, the average shortest path length between the subjects revealed a close relationship between the subjects of Biology and Physics, and also between Medicine and Physics. Our results indicate that the analysis of the full Wikipedia network cannot predict the behavior of the isolated categories since their properties can be very different from those observed in the full network.     

社会标注在卫生社交网络中的应用

随着Web2．0技术的发展,社会标注作为网络资源组织的重要方式,已经广泛应用于各种类型的网站。通过深入研究社会标注在卫生社交网络中的应用和存在的不足,提出了建立社会化登陆模式、构建标签库、建立标签自动分类系统、实现个性化推荐机制、进行标签语义分析、设置用户权限等促进卫生社交网络朝着更好方向发展的建议。     

Origin,characteristics, predominance and conceptual networks of eponyms in the bibliometric literature

Eponyms are very common in some scientific fields, and they are a fundamental part of the language and historical culture of researchers, as many people have given their names to procedures, laws, formulas, tests, hypotheses, diseases and numerous processes. Despite being etymologically empty terms, some of these names are so deeply rooted that it would be very difficult to do without them. In this paper, 2313 eponyms are analysed from 16,787 bibliometric documents indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection database. A total of 187 eponyms were identified, most of which belong to the areas of information science, statistics and economics. The most frequent eponyms were Hirsch (325), Lotka (214), Bradford (186), Price (146), Egghe (76), Garfield (74) and Zipf (59). Among the most frequent eponyms, the most contemporary, Hirsch and Egghe, were referenced in the same year they were incorporated into the scientific literature. All conceptual networks have the term bibliometrics as their core, except the Hirsch network, in which the term h-index is more central. Currently, the debate continues in the scientific literature, with arguments for and against the use of eponyms.     

三网副合与我国图书馆的发展

文章结合三网融合的大背景和发展进程,从不同角度分析了三网融合给我国图书馆带来的机遇和挑战,指出了我国图书馆在三网融合过程中所面临的问题,并提出一些解决方法。     

Full-text federated search of text-based digital libraries in peer-to-peer networks

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks integrate autonomous computing resources without requiring a central coordinating authority, which makes them a potentially robust and scalable model for providing federated search capability to large-scale networks of text-based digital libraries. However, peer-to-peer networks have so far provided very limited support for full-text federated search with relevance-based document ranking. This paper provides solutions to full-text federated search of text-based digital libraries in hierarchical peer-to-peer networks. Existing approaches to full-text search are adapted and new methods are developed for the problems of resource representation, resource selection, and result merging according to the unique characteristics of hierarchical peer-to-peer networks. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approaches offer a better combination of accuracy and efficiency than more common alternatives for federated search of text-based digital libraries in peer-to-peer networks.     

Bi-directional h-index: A new measure of node centrality in weighted and directed networks

This paper builds an index family, named bi-directional h-index, to measure node centrality in weighted directed networks. Bi-directional h-index takes the directed degree centrality as the initial value and iteratively uses more network information to update the node’s importance. We prove the convergence of the iterative process after finite iterations and introduce an asynchronous updating process that provides a decentralized, local method to calculate the bi-directional h-index in large-scale networks and dynamic networks. The theoretical analysis manifests that the bi-directional h-index is feasible and significant for establishing a greater conceptual framework that includes some existing index concepts, such as lobby index, node’s h-index, c-index and iterative c-index. An example using journal citation networks indicates that the bi-directional h-index is different from directed degree centrality, directed node strength, directed h-degree and the HITS algorithm in ranking node importance. It is irreplaceable and can reflect these measures of node’s importance.     

“三网合一”技术可行性及其社会整合

将电信、电视、计算机三大信息传播网络融合为一体 ,在统一的IP网上进行信息的传输与交流 ,就技术条件来说 ,是可行的 ,且能够为社会带来最大程度的资源利用。而信息传播作为一种社会行为 ,无可避免受到现行体制及社会现状的限制 ,这种限制直接或间接地影响到“三网合一”的初衷和实施程度。本文拟就三网概况、技术可行性和带宽的现实需求、体制现状、社会限制、国际惯例、WTO规定等问题对“三网合一”在我国的可行程度作一浅析。     

Influence of co-authorship networks in the research impact: Ego network analyses from Microsoft Academic Search

The main objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between research impact and the structural properties of co-author networks. A new bibliographic source, Microsoft Academic Search, is introduced to test its suitability for bibliometric analyses. Citation counts and 500 one-step ego networks were extracted from this engine. Results show that tiny and sparse networks – characterized by a high Betweenness centrality and a high Average path length – achieved more citations per document than dense and compact networks – described by a high Clustering coefficient and a high Average degree. According to disciplinary differences, Mathematics, Social Sciences and Economics & Business are the disciplines with more sparse and tiny networks; while Physics, Engineering and Geosciences are characterized by dense and crowded networks. This suggests that in sparse ego networks, the central author have more control on their collaborators being more selective in their recruitment and concluding that this behaviour has positive implications in the research impact.     

Use of social networks and information seeking behavior of students during political crises in Pakistan: A case study

This study was undertaken to investigate the use of social networks and political activism on the Internet by the students of three universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi during the political crises for the last one year and the emergency imposed by the Government of Pakistan on November 3, 2007. The findings conclude that Internet use by the students promoted democracy, freedom of expression and greater awareness about their rights during the political crises in Pakistan.

The survey method of research was used to collect data. The sample consisted of 420 students studying at the Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, and International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. The questionnaire was sent to the students by email. The survey was administered through SurveyMonkey website. The response rate was 72.23%.

The paper is a useful source of information about how the social networking tools have been influencing and changing communication channels in Pakistan.     

Effectiveness of health messages to change women's thin-ideal and unhealthy weight control intentions: Connecting social norms and social networks approaches

The thin-ideal is becoming increasingly dominant among women in Eastern Asian countries such as China and South Korea. The internalization of the thin-ideal leads to body image disturbance and unhealthy weight-control behaviors. Based on the social networks and social norms approaches, this study tests the effectiveness of normative messages in reducing women's internationalization of the thin-ideal and weight-control intentions through an experiment among female college students in China. It investigates how the following three factors: content of normative message (psychoeducational or feminist), source of the message (strong ties or weak ties), and characteristics of the recipients (self-weight evaluations) influence women's body image and weight-control intentions. Results of this study suggest that normative messages with a psychoeducational approach delivered through strong ties are more effective in decreasing women's internalization of the thin-ideal than the same message delivered through weak ties. In contrast, normative messages with a feminist approach delivered through weak ties are more effective in reducing women's internalization of the thin-ideal and unhealthy weight-control intentions than the same messages delivered through strong ties. There is an interaction effect between message content and recipients' self-weight evaluation. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.     

图书馆图书借阅系统与单标度二元网络模型

本文从网络的角度 ,研究了图书馆这样一种有趣的复杂系统。读者和图书之间通过借阅建立联系 ,可以在两个层次上用网络语言来描述 ,即二元 (读者—图书 )和单元 (读者—读者 ,图书—图书 )网络。我们以研究配位数分布为工具 ,研究了北京师范大学图书馆外借处图书在 14个月内的借阅情况所构成的网络 ,发现其体现了很好的单标度性质 ,即配位数分布体现为一指数衰减的形式。随后提出了一个单标度二元网络模型 ,对此进行解释 ,定性地重现了这一实测结果。     

科研合作网络的可视化及其在文献检索服务中的应用

科学研究论文作者合作研究所形成的网络具有复杂性网络的特征,对于复杂网络的可视化展现可以利用可视化技术的交互性、多维性和可视性生动、形象地展示出复杂网络的种种特性。本文则基于万方数据生物医学期刊(1062种,150万篇)作者在合作研究中形成的复杂网络可视化后应用在文献检索的结果展现上,为复杂网络及可视化在文献检索的增值服务做出了有意的探索。     

网络时代高校图书馆信息服务工作的探讨

论述了高校图书馆在网络时代信息服务工作的意义、面临的问题及信息服务的举措。     

大数据环境下知识表示与知识组织方法应用

伴随着大数据正在从概念到问题解决的关键转型期,如何发挥核心价值与作用是知识服务业面临的机遇与挑战。论文首先梳理与定量分析知识表示和知识组织理论方法体系及研究进展,其次从实践出发,阐述了在复杂产品设计中的知识需求分析与表示、设计知识的分类与设计领域知识的组织。最后,归纳总结了图书情报领域在知识服务过程中应该实现的三个突破,以及如何抓住四个关键环节的体会。     

Implementation of Web 2.0 services in academic, medical and research libraries: a scoping review

Background: Academic, medical and research libraries frequently implement Web 2.0 services for users. Several reports notwithstanding, characteristics and effectiveness of services are unclear. Objectives: To find out: the Web 2.0 services implemented by medical, academic and research libraries; study designs, measures and types of data used in included articles to evaluate effectiveness; whether the identified body of literature is amenable to a systematic review of results. Methods: Scoping review mapping the literature on the topic. Searches were performed in 19 databases. Inclusion criteria: research articles in English, Italian, German, French and Spanish (publication date ≥2006) about Web 2.0 services for final users implemented by academic, medical and research libraries. Reviewers’ agreement was measured by Cohen’s kappa. From a data set of 6461 articles, 255 (4%) were coded and analysed. Results: Conferencing/chat/instant messaging, blogging, podcasts, social networking, wikis and aggregators were frequently examined. Services were mainly targeted at general academic users of English‐speaking countries. Conclusions: Data prohibit a reliable estimate of the relative frequency of implemented Web 2.0 services. Case studies were the prevalent design. Most articles evaluated different outcomes using diverse assessment methodologies. A systematic review is recommended to assess the effectiveness of such services.     

国内外企业内部社会网络与知识共享相关研究述评

文章对国内外关于企业内部社会网络与知识共享的相关研究文献进行了综述和评价,归纳分析了目前将社会网络与知识共享相结合的研究主要有哪些角度、观点和结论,并对目前国内在此领域研究中存在的问题进行了分析。     

高校图书征订系统的研究与开发

针对高校图书馆图书采访工作中面临的困难,分析研究了高校图书征订的现状,总结并设计出了高校图书征订系统,除对未购图书进行征订,也包括对馆藏图书按需补充复本数的功能。     

Stochastic block model reveals maps of citation patterns and their evolution in time

In this study we map out the large-scale structure of citation networks of science journals and follow their evolution in time by using stochastic block models (SBMs). The SBM fitting procedures are principled methods that can be used to find hierarchical grouping of journals that show similar incoming and outgoing citations patterns. These methods work directly on the citation network without the need to construct auxiliary networks based on similarity of nodes. We fit the SBMs to the networks of journals we have constructed from the data set of around 630 million citations and find a variety of different types of groups, such as communities, bridges, sources, and sinks. In addition we use a recent generalization of SBMs to determine how much a manually curated classification of journals into subfields of science is related to the group structure of the journal network and how this relationship changes in time. The SBM method tries to find a network of blocks that is the best high-level representation of the network of journals, and we illustrate how these block networks (at various levels of resolution) can be used as maps of science.     

基于社交关系和影响力的在线社交网络用户兴趣偏好获取方法研究

在线社交网络成为人们网络生活的最主要平台,人们基于兴趣偏好等原因集聚形成各个网络社区,共同参与感兴趣话题的讨论,表达自己的观点和看法,寻找感兴趣的内容,因此识别在线社交网络中用户的兴趣偏好,具有重要意义.本文首先分析用户在社交网络中的行为,提出从用户发布信息、基于共同参与话题的社交关系中寻找相似兴趣最近邻,和再考虑用户在社交网络中影响力的相似兴趣最近邻,三种获取用户兴趣偏好的方法.最后利用百度贴吧数据集实验,比较三种方法的使用效果.实验表明考虑用户影响力的最近邻方法获取用户兴趣偏好的方法效果最好,而且这种方法不需要利用用户本身信息,仅仅只需要通过其最近邻用户就可以获得更加准确的用户兴趣偏好.