利用Web Services实现网络个性化学习

本文描述了一个基于Web的多重代理的个性化学习系统.系统中利用代理监视学习者,客户端与学习者模型服务器通过Web services进行交互,在服务器端的学习者模型可以使分布在Internet应用动态地集成,而不考虑下面的平台,保证了学习者模型的完整.     

利用Web Services实现网络个性化学习

本文描述了一个基于Web的多重代理的个性化学习系统。系统中利用代理监视学习者，客户端与学习者模型服务器通过Web services进行交互，在服务器端的学习者模型可以使分布在Internet应用动态地集成，而不考虑下面的平台，保证了学习者模型的完整。     

A Review of: “LEARNING LATER By Brian Findsen”

Many older adults do not use health information available on the Internet. Older adults residing in affordable housing were taught to use the NIHSeniorHealth.gov Web site. Participants were predominantly African American women with limited education and income (N = 42). Outcomes included changes in computer and health Web site navigation skills. Results showed significant improvements for all demographic groups in both computer and Web site navigation (p < .001). Older minority adults with no prior computer experience were willing and able to learn to use health Web sites. Success factors included an instructor familiar with the community, peer training assistants, and a focus on new learner needs.     

Multi-Attribute Utility Theory and Adaptive Techniques for Intelligent Web-based Educational Software

This paper describes how the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory can be combined with adaptive techniques to improve individualised teaching in an Intelligent Learning Environment (ILE). The ILE is called Web F-SMILE, it operates over the Web and is meant to help novice users learn basic skills of computer use. Tutoring is dynamically adapted to the individual learner based on the learner modelling component of the system and the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) that is employed to process the information about the user. As a result, MAUT provides a way for the system to select on the fly the best possible advice to be presented to users. Advice is dynamically formed based on adaptive presentation techniques, where adaptation is performed at the content level and adaptive navigation support, which is performed at the link level of the hyperspace of the tutoring system. The adaptivity of learning depends on factors such as the learner’s habits, prior knowledge and skills, which are used as criteria for the application of MAUT in the educational software. In this way, a novel combination of MAUT with adaptive techniques is used for intelligent web-based tutoring.     

A computational approach to socially distributed cognition

In most Interactive Learning Environments (ILEs), the human learner interacts with an expert in the domain to be taught. We explored a different approach: the system does not know more than the learner, but learns by interacting with him. A human-computer collaborative learning (HCCL) system includes a micro-world, in which two learners jointly try to solve problems and learn, the human learner and a computerized co-learner. This paper presents the foundations of this artificial co-learner. The collaboration between learners is modelled as “socially distributed cognition’ (SDC). The SDC model connects three ideas: (i) a group is a cognitive system, (ii) reflection is a dialogue with oneself, (iii) social processes are internalised. The key has been to find a computational connection between those ideas. The domain chosen for illustration is the argumentation concerning how some changes to an electoral system affect the results of elections. This argumentation involves a sequence of arguments and their refutations. The basic principle is that learners ‘store’ the structure of this argumentation (dialogue pattern) and ‘replay’ it individually later on. The verbs ‘store’ and ‘replay’ do not refer to a simple ‘record and retrieve’ process. Storage is implemented as the incremental and parameterised evolution of a network of arguments, here called a ‘dialogue pattern’. The learning outcome is a structuration of knowledge (rules) into situation-specific models, used to guide reasoning. We conducted experiments in two settings: with a human and an artificial learner or with two artificial learners. The common findings of these two experiments is that the SDC model generates learning effects provided that the discussion is intensive, i.e. that many arguments are brought into dialogue. The importance of this variable also appears in Hutchins’ (1991) modelling of the evolution of the confirmation bias in groups. It is argued than computational models are heuristic tools, allowing researchers to isolate variables for designing empirical studies with human subjects.     

.NET应用系统中超时问题的分析与解决

系统超时是由于Web Services引入Session状态管理机制所致.在分析Web Services两种会话状态管理基础之上,提出了客户端脚本控制和服务端以Session机制为基础的两种设计思路,并通过项目实践,为Web Services应用系统提供了可实现的设计方案.     

Perceptions of junior doctors and undergraduate medical students as anatomy teachers: Investigating distance along the near‐peer teaching spectrum

Near‐peer teaching involves more experienced students acting as tutors and has been widely used in anatomy education. This approach has many advantages for the learner due to the social and cognitive congruence they share with the teacher, however, the influence of distance between the teacher and learner on these congruences has yet to be explored. The aim of this study was to compare the attitudes and perceptions of the student learner towards neuroanatomy review sessions taught by either a senior medical student or a junior doctor. The students were randomly assigned to an allocated tutor. All tutors used standardized material and had access to identical resources. The type of allocated tutor was swapped between the two teaching sessions and 99 student feedback forms were collected in total. The rating for the overall quality of the teaching session was not significantly different between the junior doctors and senior medical students (P = 0.11). However, criteria closely relating to social and cognitive congruence such as “enjoyment of the session,” “delivery of the teaching,” and “was it a good use of time” were all rated significantly higher for the senior medical students (P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that small increases in distance along the near‐peer teaching spectrum have an impact upon the student's perception of their learning experience. While all teachers were suitable role models it appears that junior doctors are too far removed from their own undergraduate experiences to share congruences with pre‐clinical medical students. Anat Sci Educ 7: 242–247. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

The synthetic instructor: Implementation for Web‐based electronic performance support systems

Electronic performance support systems (EPSS) can accommodate disparate learner knowledge, experiences, and methods of comprehension. However, learners may have ineffective cognitive strategies for using an EPSS environment. The solution described in this article is applied to a Web‐based EPSS that has a simulation core. As the learner works in the environment, a “synthetic instructor” continuously collects information to adapt activities, resources, and representations. It uses critical incidents, which trigger within scenarios that mimic real‐world performance objectives.     

Web3.0:挑战传统网络学习

随着网络学习的普及,学习者对网络学习平台的要求也越来越高,传统的基于Web2.0建立的网络平台已经不能满足广大学习者的需求。Web3.0的出现以及它在网络学习方面所表现出的强大优势给传统的网络学习带来了新契机。     

基于Web的网络智能学习系统的开发

基于Web的多重代理的智能学习系统可以利用代理监视学习，客户端与学习模型服务器通过Web服务进行交互，在服务器端的学习模型可以使分布在Intemet上的应用动态地集成，而不考虑下面的平台，保证学习模型的完整。     

A multi-Agent system architecture for geographic information gathering

World Wide Web(WWW)is a vast repository of information,including a great deal of geographic information.But the location and retrieval of geographic information will require a significant amount of time and effort. In addition,different users usually have different views and interests in the same information. To resolve such problems,this paper first proposed a model of geographic information gathering based on multi-Agent(MA)architecture. Then based on this model,we construct a prototype system with GML(Geography Markup Language). This system consists of three tiers-Client,Web Server and Data Resource. Finally,we expatiate on the process of Web Server.     

Web2.0技术学习的问题与对策

本文以Web2.0技术为学习内容，根据课程教学实施，提出了学习者进行Web2.0技术学习时可能出现的典型问题；进而通过对Web2.0与多媒体技术的比较，对学习者出现这些典型问题的成因进行了分析；同时在对Web2.0技术所支持的学习性质与学习形式分析的基础上，对如何进行Web2.0技术的学习与运用，提出了个人网络场与网络场交流学习环境构建的方法与对策，并对此进行了初步实践与检验。     

教师话语,课堂互动与学习者输出

教师话语不仅是影响英语教学的重要因素,对学习者的有效输出也起着一定作用。但长期以来却一直被大多数老师所忽视。文章探讨了在课堂教学中教师话语,课堂互动及学习者输出的关系,分析了影响教师话语质量和有效输出的相关因素,最后,结合教学实践,笔者对如何提高教师话语和学习者输出的质与量提了几点建议。     

Webquest:一种探究性的网络学习活动

Webquest是一种基于建构主义理论产生的、以探究为取向的网络学习活动。在该活动中，教师设定一个与学习课程相关的、具有一定吸引力的主题，并将与该主题相关的资源进行整合后提供给学习者，学习者按照教师设定的主题，分别从不同的角度对问题进行探讨，最后通过互相交流、讨论合作或独立完成与主题相关的学习。Webquest强调学习的情境性、学习的自主性和学习的协作性，强调学习者正确合理地利用资源，在原有的知识结构上建构新的知识，这些特点与远程教育的学习特点相一致。在远程教育中合理运用Webquest具有非常重要的实际意义。     

A multi-Agent system architecture for geographic information gathering

INTRODUCTION With the rapid increase of geographic information on the Internet, WWW (World Wide Web) contains a great deal of information that can bgeo-referenced. The National Academy of Sciences oAmerica estimates that 80 percent of the informationon the Web is composed of spatial information thaincludes coordinate information, such as longitudelatitude and their various kinds of projections, mailingaddresses that can be geo-coded, relative distance anddirection information. W…     

Characterising the different blogging behaviours of students on an online distance learning course

Since the early years of the twenty‐first century there has been an increasing interest in using Web 2.0 technologies to support learning in Higher Education. However, previous research suggests that the integration of blogging into courses can be difficult and cites problems with issues such as student compliance. We adopt a learner‐centred perspective and explore students’ (rather than their educators’) understanding of how blogs and blogging can support distance learning in Higher Education. We report on a study of UK Open University (OU) students on an online distance learning Masters course, that has enabled us to determine the issues that are important to these bloggers, and we describe five ways in which they appropriated blogging to suit their individual needs. We discuss the importance of making blogging activities flexible so that students can blog to meet their own needs whilst still attending to the requirements of their course.     

ASP．NET安全性浅析

ASP．NET是WEB开发的一次主要更新,体现了Microsoft．NET技术进行Web编程的最新发展水平,是Microsoft web开发史上的一个基本里程碑。安全性是ASP．NETWeb设计应用程序中一个非常重要的方面,因此,有必要把ASP．NET的安全性进行理解阐述,以提高学习者的效率与编程能力。     

Learning about web accessibility: A project based tool-mediated approach

Many websites remain inaccessible for people with disabilities, despite the availability of relevant guidelines and tools. This is mainly due to lack of appropriate training of Web designers on accessibility technology. In this paper, a project based learning activity designed to instruct Web accessibility guidelines and good design practices is presented. The activity is mediated by a web-based learning environment, which presents real-world examples of accessibility impasses that arise when certain, established guidelines are violated, and then provides advice on how to avoid or resolve them. The learning material contained in the tool is offered through a faceted browsing approach, thus enabling active exploration by the learner. A within-subjects case study compared the learning effectiveness of traditional academic instruction (pre-condition) with the proposed project based activity (post-condition) in the context of a University course. A significant improvement in students’ academic performance and perceived learning was found.