不同体位对血流动力学指标和心泵功能的影响

超声多普勒法是近年发展起来的一种新型的无创性血流动力学研究手段,逐渐为临床诊断所接受。目前国内外体育领域内还未见有关超声多普勒法的研究报道。该方法同其他研究手段相结合,对人体心血管功能的研究有着重要的实际意义。关于体位变化的研究早有报道。但文献多限于立、蹲、坐、卧等体位研究,倒位的心血管系统研究甚少,指标也较为单一。由于缺乏充足的实验依据,迄今对倒立健身这一观点的褒贬尚无定论。鉴于上述情况,本文采用超声多普勒法和心阻抗血流图法相结合的手段观察了受试者在立位、卧位、倒位和由倒位转为立位时的血流动力学指标和心泵功能指标的变化情况。     

年龄及肥胖程度对人体静态姿势稳定性的影响

目的：探究年龄及肥胖程度增加对静态姿势稳定性的影响。方法：测试728名宁波市健康社区受试者（男性311人,女性417人;年龄：21.5～82.5岁）在睁眼或闭眼直立及同时有无泡沫垫4种条件下的姿势稳定性。结果：60岁以上年龄组的跌倒风险和一般姿势、视觉相关姿势、本体感觉相关姿势、前庭功能相关姿势的稳定性均比20～39岁年龄组差;40～59岁年龄组的视觉相关姿势、本体感觉相关姿势、前庭功能相关姿势的稳定性均比20～39岁年龄组差;肥胖组与超重组的跌倒风险高于正常组,肥胖组的一般姿势的稳定性比超重组与正常组差,正常组、超重组、肥胖组的视觉相关姿势的稳定性依次降低。肥胖组本体感觉相关姿势的稳定性比超重组和正常组差,其前庭相关姿势的稳定性比正常组差。年龄与肥胖程度对姿势稳定性具有预测价值,年龄对跌倒风险和一般姿势、视觉相关姿势、本体感觉相关姿势、前庭相关姿势稳定性的年龄预测切点分别为56.2、55.7、54.4、55.1、48.2岁;肥胖程度对跌倒风险和一般姿势、视觉相关姿势稳定性具有预测价值,BMI预测切点分别为24.93、25.20、25.75。结论：1）年龄或肥胖程度增加会降低一般、视觉...     

体育活动与老年人的抑郁:系统综述

抑郁是老年人一种常见的不良情绪,通过对描述性研究,元分析研究,流行病学研究和实验研究的综述,认为体育活动对减轻老年人的抑郁有积极作用。     

上海市20~79岁成年人、老年人握力特征分析

目的：通过分析2020年上海市第五次国民体质监测的数据,探究本市20～79岁成年人、老年人的握力现状,比较性别差异和年龄差异。方法：研究对象为40 842名成年人和老年人,使用握力测试仪测量握力,对采集的握力值进行描述性统计,使用独立样本T检验、单因素方差分析和多重比较检验比较握力的性别差异和年龄组差异。结果：男性握力均值为（41.8±8.10） kg,女性握力均值为（26.2±5.07） kg,各年龄组男性的握力均高于女性（P<0.001）。男性握力峰值出现在35～39岁组（45.8±6.98） kg,女性握力峰值出现在40～44岁组（28.2±4.69） kg。随着年龄的增长,男性和女性的握力基本呈现先上升后下降的趋势。相较于20～24岁组的握力基准值,男性握力变化范围为-31.01%～1.90%,女性握力变化范围为-23.00%～3.05%。结论：（1）各年龄组男性握力均大于女性;（2）男性和女性握力达到峰值的年龄组不同;（3）男性和女性握力变化幅度不一致;（4）增龄过程中,握力呈现出阶段性变化特征;（5）50～54岁组是握力下降的重要拐点,之后握力下降幅度越来越大,且男性...     

太极拳运动与健身走运动对中老年人下肢肌力的影响对比研究

文章通过BIODEX-3多关节等速测力系统对对太极拳运动和健身走运动的中老年人（60人）的下肢肌力进行对比研究与分析。研究结果表明：长期太极拳运动的中老年人踝关节、膝关节的相对峰力矩（PT/BW））和相对爆发力（PT/Time to PK/BW）明显优于健身走运动（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,因此长期坚持太极拳运动对提高和改善中老年人的下肢肌力具有积极作用。     

Psychosocial wellbeing in active older adults: A systematic review of qualitative literature

Physical activity and wellbeing in older adults is a global priority in combating negative economic consequences associated with population aging. Quantitative research using a medicalized model clearly associates physical activity with physiological health benefits. However, it is argued that a review of qualitative literature exploring individual experiences of active older adults can provide important insights into physical activity, aging, and wellbeing – specifically, how discourses of ageing and self-identity may interact with physical activity levels. A literature search on electronic databases PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and ProQuest was used to identify qualitative studies of older adults who exercise or engage in competitive sport. Findings reveal that both groups tend to resist dominant negative stereotypes of ageing and view physical activity as central to self- identity. Yet approaches to ageing varied with the competitive sport group adopting a more negative view of the ageing process. Whilst results suggest that different levels of physical activity may impact on the psychosocial wellbeing of older adults, inconsistent definitions of exercise and competitive sport make it impossible to group these differences according to specific physical activity levels. More precise definitions of physical activity constructs in future research may provide a better understanding of these differences.     

体育锻炼与老年人健康

参加有规律的体育锻炼能延缓衰老引起的身体机能的下降。耐力运动有助于维持和改善心血管机能,减小心血管危险因素;力量运动能补偿衰老引起的肌肉质量和力量的下降。因此,有规律的体育锻炼能改善老年人机能能力,有助于老年人有一个更加健康、独立的生活方式。     

How acceptable do older adults find the concept of being physically active? A systematic review and meta-synthesis

Despite the significant health benefits of regular physical activity for older adults, only a minority achieve recommended levels. To develop effective interventions, the reasons for the low levels of physical activity in this population must be understood. The present review identifies and synthesizes qualitative studies concerning the acceptability of physical activity to community dwelling older adults. A systematic search of four electronic databases identified 10 studies meeting inclusion criteria. These were appraised, and findings were combined and compared using thematic synthesis. Older adults construed physical activity as a by-product of other activities, rather than as a purposeful activity within itself. This seemed to be linked to their self-perception as an ageing member of society, with physical activity considered irrelevant, and competing roles and responsibilities (e.g., family) taking precedence. Additionally, older adults appeared to experience conflict between maintaining their autonomy and accepting the physical and social vulnerabilities associated with ageing. As older adults do not see physical activity as purposeful within itself, interventions promoting moderate or vigorous physical activity are likely to have limited success. As even small increases in physical activity benefit older adults, future interventions may wish to target the reduction of sedentary behaviour in this population.